Confucius

孔子是山东人，是儒家的创始人，是最伟大的思想家和教育家。主要作品有《论语》《诗经》《周易》《尚书》《春秋》。此篇详细阐述了他的思想代表作，主张的行为等。

• Brife introduction
  • Time: 551 BC-- 479 BC
  • Name: Surname: Kong, Given name: Qiu, Courtesy name: Zhongni
  • Birthplace: Qufu city, Shandong Province
  • Main doctrine: Ren
• Apprentice
  • Yan Hui (Zi Yuan)
    • Confucius most favorite apprentice
    • Characteristic: cherish the world, be tolerant and eager to learn
  • Zhong You (Zi Lu)
    • The longest follower of Confucius
    • Characteristic: courage, integrity, honesty
  • Duan Mu Ci (Zi Gong)
    • Outstanding achievements in learning and politics, and goot at business
    • Characterristic: excellent language ability and eloquence
• Conduct
  • What you do not want done to yourself, do not to others.(己所不欲勿施于人)
  • It is not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?(有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？)
  • It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night.(逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜)
  • Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety.
  • Keep what you say and carry out what you do.(言必行，行必果)
  • When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.
  • They who know the truth are not equal to those who love it, and they who love it are not equal to those who delight in it.
• Political
  • Benevolence: is the core of his political thought
  • Virtue
    • Reduce oppression and exploition, reduc taxes
    • Advocate for enriching the people and making them prosperous, and oppose killing without teaching
  • courtesy
    • Cure the ceremony: restricting the ceremony and making the behavior meet the requirements of the ceremony
    • Serve the country: maintaining the system of rites and music and the authority of Zhou Tian
  • Rule by man: Attach importance to the exemplary role of individual rulers in setting an example
• Education
  • Assertion
    • In teaching there should be no distinction of classes
    • Officialdom is the natural outlet for good scholars
  • Teaching method
    • According to students' aptitude
    • Inspire revulsive
    • Combing learning, thinking and doing
  • Content
    • Basic: poetry, calligraphy, etiquette and music, moral education is the primary position
    • Subjects: 'Six Arts' Ritual, music, shooting, imperial, calligraphy and numercay
    • Text books: 'Six Classics'
  • Meaning
    • Promoting the downward movement of education and culture
    • Common people went to school for education
    • The begining of non-religious education in ancient China
• Related works
  • The Confucian Analects
  • The Book of Songs
  • The Book of History
  • The Book of Rites
  • The Book of Changes
  • The Spiring-Autumn Annals
• Historical status
  • Founder of Confucianism
  • The 'Holy Master', 'The teacher for all ages'
  • The greatest thinker and educator