一张图让你学会虚拟语气

虚拟语气知识点非常繁杂而且零碎，不仅是高考的重难点，也是整个英语学习的一道门槛，掌握好了这个知识点，其他的就更容易掌握了！

虚拟语气

• 一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
  • • 假设现在
      • 从句谓语动词
        • 动词的过去式（be动词用were）
      • 主句谓语动词
        • would/could/should/might +动词原形
      • 例句
        • If I were you, I would choose to work in a big city.
  • 假设过去
    • 从句谓语动词
      • had+过去分词
    • 主句谓语动词
      • would/could/should/might have+过去分词
    • 例句
      • If I had been more careful, I could have found the error.
  • • 假设将来
      • 从句谓语动词
        • 动词的过去式（be动词用were）
        • were to+动词原形
        • should+动词原形
      • 主句谓语动词
        • would/could/should/might +动词原形
      • 例句
        • If we came tomorrow, we could meet him.
        • If we were to come tomorrow, we could meet him.
        • If we should come tomorrow, we could meet him.
  • 错综时间条件句
    • 主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上不一致，主句和从句的谓语动词形式应根据句意和各自时间状语确定。
    • If it had rained last night, it might be cool today.
  • 省略if的用法
    • 在非真实条件句中，如果从句中有had, were, should, 可以省略if，将had, were, should 放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
    • 例句：Had you come here, you would have met him. =If you had come here, you would have met him.
    • 例句：Were I you, I would refuse his request. =If I were you, I would refuse his request.
    • 例句：Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
  • 含蓄条件句
    • 某些假设的条件句不是通过if从句表达出来，而是包含在某些短语（or, otherwise,but without等）、上下文或其他方式中
    • 例句：But for electricity, there would be no modern city. =If it were not for electricity, there would be no modern city.
• 二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法
  • 用于主语从句
    • 在主语从句中，虚拟语气用should+动词原形，should可以省略，表示建议、命令、要求、决定、主张等。
    • it is/was+形容词+主语从句
      • It is appropriate that he (should) do more exercise.
      • 常见的此类形容词：necessary, appropriate, advisable, essential important, natural等
    • it is/was+名词+主语从句
      • It is his demand that you (should) compensate for the loss.
      • 常见的此类名词：proposal, advice, suggestion, command, requirement, order，request等
    • it is/was+过去分词+主语从句
      • It is suggested that parents (should) spend more time with their children.
      • 常见的此类过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, advised，demanded, recommended, required等
  • 用于宾语从句
    • wish后的宾语从句
      • 表示现在的情况, 从句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）
      • I wish I were you.
      • 表示过去的情况，从句的谓语动词用had+过去分词
      • I wish you had told me sooner.
      • 表示将来的情况，从句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。
      • I wish you could do better next time.
    • would rather后的宾语从句
      • 表示现在或将来的情况从句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）
      • I would rather you went now.
      • 表示过去的情况，从句谓语用had+过去分词，意为“宁愿、但愿”。
      • I would sooner you had not done that.
    • 表示“建议、命令、要求、主张”等动词后的宾语从句
      • 从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形，should可省略。
      • 常见的这类动词有：insist, persist, demand, require, request, propose, suggest, command, order, recommend等（当suggest表示 “暗示，表明”、insist 表示“坚持说、坚持认为”时，从句中不需要使用虚拟语气，而应用陈述语气）
      • I suggest that we (should) go out for dinner.
  • 在表语从句和同位语从句中的用法
    • 与表示“决定、要求、建议、命令”等动词相对应的名词构成的表语从句和同位语从句常用虚拟语气
      • 从句的谓语动词采用should+动词原形形式，should可省略。
      • Our decision is that the party (should) be put off.
• 三、在状语从句中的用法
  • 用于方式状语从句
    • as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句表示与事实相反的情况
    • 表示对现在情况的假设时，从句谓语动词用过去式（be用were）
    • He speaks as if he were an Englishman.
    • 表示对过去情况的假设时，从句的谓语动词用had+过去分词
    • He talked as if he had been on moon.
    • 表示对将来情况的假设，从句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形
    • She feels as if the end of the world would come.
    • 注意：as if/as though引导的方式状语从句也可以用陈述语气，表示所述情况是事实；也可用虚拟语气，表示情况不符合事实。
  • 用于目的状语从句
    • 由so that, in order that 等引导的状语从句常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语形式为should（或can/may/should/will/might/would/could等情态动词）+动词原形，意思为“以便，为了”
    • I go to bed early so that I can have a good rest.
    • 由lest, for fear (that), in case引导的目的状语从句常用虚拟语气，从句的谓语形式一般用should+动词原形的形式，表示“以免，以防”之意。
    • Bring an umbrella in case it should rain.
• 四、虚拟语气在其他句型中的用法
  • It is (high/about) time (that) 句型
    • 其从句谓语动词用过去式，也可用should+动词原形，should不可省略，意为“该是……的时候了”
    • It is high time that you got a job to feed yourself.
    • It is time you should think about your choices.
  • If only 句型
    • If only后跟虚拟语气，表示“要是……多好”，
    • 表达现在未实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）
    • If only I were younger.
    • 表达过去未实现的愿望，谓语动词用had+过去分词
    • If only you had told me that some time ago.
    • 表达将来未实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形。
    • If only I could go with you tomorrow.