英语语言学

这是一篇关于英语语言学的思维导图，主要内容有what is phonetics、The phonic medium of language、Speech organs等。

• what is phonetics
  • Phonetic is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language. It is concerned with all the sounds that from three distinct but related points of view
• The phonic medium of language
  • Speaker's view-Articulatory phonetics-production
  • Hearer's view-Auditory-perception
  • Sound waves-Acoustic phonetics-physical properties
• Speech organs
• Orthographic representation of speech sounds
  • IPA Internationl Phonetic Alphabet
  • Diacritic
    • Narrow transcription
    • Broad transcription
• Classification of English speech sounds
  • Vowels In the production of a vowel, the air stream from the loungs meet with no obstruction.
  • Consonants In the production of consonant, the air stream is obstructed in one way or another.
  • Manner of articulation
    • Stops- complete obstruction
    • Fricatives-partial obstruction
    • Affricates Liquids Nssals Glides
• Phonology
  • Phone 音素：a phonetic unit or segment; a phone does not necessarily distinguish meaning
  • Phoneme 音位: a phonological unit; abstract and of distinctive
  • Allophone 音位变体: in different phones that represent a phoneme in different phonetic enviroment.
  • Phonemic contrast 音位对立: [p]in[pit]; [b]in[bit]
  • Complementary distribution 互补分布: allophones of the same phoneme
  • Minimal pair 最小对立对 : two different forms arw identical in every way except or one sound segment which occurs in the same place in the strings.
• Some rules in phonology
  • Sequential 序列规则： govern tne combination of sounds in a particular language.
  • Suprasegment feature 超音位音系特征
    • stress
    • tone
    • intonation