Obesity

A mind map of obesity.This mind map provides a detailed overview of the definition, treatment, clinical manifestations, and long-term determinants of obesity.

Obesity

• Short-term signals
  • Gastrointestinal Appetite-suppressing signals
    • Cholecystokinin
    • Glucogon-like peptide 1
    • Glucagon-like peptide 2
    • Amylin
    • Somatostatin
    • Bombesin
    • Enterostatin
  • Gastrointestinal Appetite enhancing peptides
    • Ghrelin
• Long-term signals
  • Leptin
    • Genetics
      • Influences
        • Food intake
        • Energy expenditure
        • Body weight
      • Obese generation mutations
        • Mutation 1
        • Mutation 2
        • Mutation 3
    • Leptin Receptor
    • Processing
      • 21 aa signal peptide is cleaved before release of leptin into the circulation
    • Detailed hormone signaling downstream of Leptin
  • Insulin
    • Secreted by pancreatic β cells
    • Reports on the status of carbohydrate availability
• Symptoms
  • Coronary heart disease
  • Type 2 diabetes
  • Cancers
  • Hypertension
  • Stroke
  • Liver disease
  • Osteoarthritis
  • Gynecological problems
• Cause
  • Some people produce huge amount of energy
  • Energy stored = energy produced - energy expended
• Therapies
  • Therapeutic agents
    • Inhibitor of lipase
      • Orlistat
    • Central weight loss drug
      • Sibutramine
    • Oral glucose-lowering drugs
      • Metformin
  • Non-drug therapy
    • Exercise
    • Controlled diet
• Definition
  • Cause pathological and physiological changes in human body
  • Too thick of fat
    • Typical example
      • Triglycerides