导图社区 中学英语形容词知识框架学习笔记
中学英语形容词知识框架学习笔记:限定词(my,the,three,this)-观点形容词(beautiful,famous)-尺寸大小(large,small,long)-形状(round,square)-新旧(new,old,ancient)-颜色(white,yellow)-国籍、出处或产地-质地材料-中心名词。
编辑于2022-11-08 09:29:19 广东中学英语形容词知识框架学习笔记
形容词在名词短语中的位置
前置修饰名词
单个形容词在名词短语中的位置
限定词+形容词+名词
I am reading an interesting book.
He has a beautiful smile
He is my best friend.
修饰something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody/someone anybody/anyone,nobody/no one和everybody/everyone等不定代词的形容词要后置
I have something important to say.
There is something wrong with my computer.
多个形容词修饰名词的词序排列
一个中心名词若有多个形容词修饰,此时这些形容词先后的位置关系要遵循一定的规则。
观点形容词+描绘形容词
限定词(my,the,three,this)-观点形容词(beautiful,famous)-尺寸大小(large,small,long) -形状(round,square)-新旧(new,old,ancient)-颜色(white,yellow)-国籍、出处或产地 -质地材料-中心名词
Li Bai was a famous ancient Chinese poet.
This beautiful,big,old,red,Chinese wooden table was my grandmother's.
There was a large round wooden table in the room.
后置修饰名词
形容词短语作为定语,一般只能置于被修饰的名词的后面 即充当后置定语
"形容词+补足语"构成的形容词短语
形容词+介词短语
a jacket simiilar to yours
A campaign on the harsh terrain of a nation as large as California could be longer and more difficult than some predict.
形容词+不定式短语
parents eager to support their children's efforts.
Students brave enough to attempt the course deserve to succeed.
形容词+动名词短语
a waiter busy serving the guests
If a diamond is heated without oxygen,it will turn to graphite,a form of carbon so soft that it is used as a lubricant.
还有
a man taller than John.
a taller man than John.
多个形容词并列构成的形容词短语
两个或两个以上的形容词(短语)并列作定语,一般是放在被修饰词的后面,而且还用逗号 将形容词与句子的其他部分隔开。这时,作定语的形容词通常是对所修饰词作补充性的说明或解释。
He bought a set of furniture,simple and beautiful.
All countries,large or small,should be equal.
有时并列形容词用来修饰动词或整个句子,具有状语的意味。
Flying the F-16 straight and level is easy.
A man approached the official,timid and hesitant. 一个男子很是胆怯地,犹豫不决地走向这位官员。
形容词的比较级和最高级的构成形式
单音节词
一般直接在词尾加-er和-est,分别构成比较级和最高级
以-e结尾的词,直接在词尾加-r和-st,分别构成比较级和最高级
以-y结尾的词应先变y为i,再加-er和-est。
以"一个元音+辅音"结尾的词,要先双写词尾的辅音字母,然后再加-er和-est
双音节词
以-y结尾的双音节词,要先变y为i,再加-er和-est
其他绝大多数双音节词是分别在词前面加more和most
少数几个双音节词则以上方法均可。
多音节词
三个或更多音节的词都是分别在前面加more和most
特殊形式的比较级和最高级
例子
用法
farther(farthest)/further(furthest)
older(oldest)/elder(eldest)
I am seven years older than Rex.
later,latter,latest,last
不具有等级的形容词
英语中有一小部分形容词,他们表示绝对的含义,因此无比较级和最高级
比如:
absolute(完全的,绝对的)
alone(单独的,独一无二的)
dead(死的,无感觉的)
empty(空的,空洞的)
single(单一的)
可以用副词修饰
nearly perfect 接近完美的
almost fatal 几乎致命的
nearly dead 奄奄一息的
形容词的比较级和最高级的用法
形容词比较级的用法
than的比较级句型
在than的前面必须有形容词或副词的比较级形式
被比较的两个对象应该是同类事物,即“事物的可比性”
常见的句型是“A+比较级+than+B”。
This question is less difficult than that question.
也可以不是两个同类事物的比较,而是某一事物自身相比。 此时的句子结构为:A+比较级+情形1+than+情形2
He did much better in the finals this term than last term.
若被比较的对象不是彼此独立的人或事物,而是具有“一事物包含另一事物” 这样的所属关系,此时我们要用other或else将其与整体区别开来,以免造 成逻辑上的矛盾。
Iron is more useful than any other metal.铁比其他任何金属都有用。
She works harder than any other student in the class.
比较级与the
比较级的前面一般不需要加定冠词the,但在有介词短语of the two出现在比较级句中的时候,比较级的前面必须加定冠词the.
I think this painting is the more interesting of the two. 我觉得在这两幅画中,这一幅更有意思。
I think this painting is more interesting than that one.
more and more句型
用more and more双重比较来表示事物持续不断的变化
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.
That female singer is getting fatter and fatter.
As summer approaches,the day seem longer and longer.
more and more不可用在单音节词前,如不能说:more and more fat.
在more and more结构中,不能重复使用形容词或副词,如不能说:more beautiful and more beautiful
可以修饰比较级的词
a bit,a little,alittle bit,a lot,a great deal,any,even,far,by far,much,very much,no,rather,still和slightly等等。
Are you feeling any better?
Things are no better than before.
He makes far fewer mistakes in spellings than before. 他犯的拼写错误比以前少多了。
注意:这些词一般不能用了修饰比较级:very,many,quite和fairly等
My girlfriend is very older than me.
否定意义的词+比较级
我们可以用“否定意义的词+比较级”这种结构来表示最高级的意思
这些词包括:few/nothing/never/not等
A:How have you been? B:It couldn't be worse. 你怎么样?糟透了。
Few are better qualified for the job than he is. 再没有谁比他更适合做这项工作了。
never与比较级连用,是对这个比较级的词进行强调, 且要用在完成时的句子中。
I have never heard a better song.
形容词最高级的用法
the+最高级+in+地方
It is the most expensive car in the world.
The best woman in the world is my mother.The most beautiful sound in the world is my mother's voice.
the+序数词+最高级+in+地方
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China,but it is the third longest river in the world.
The Huanghe River is the second longest river in China.
the+形容词/副词的最高级+of+所属范围
Certain zoologists regard crows the most intelligent of birds.
The youngest of the family is most successful.
A good book is the best of friends,the same today and forever.
另外,我们还可以把“of+范围”这一短语放置在句首。
Of all metals,gold is the least useful.= Gold is the least useful of all metals.
最高级前面的定冠词the加与不加
形容词的最高级修饰名词用在名词之前,一般要加the
This is the most interesting book of all.
most有时用在形容词前,并非表示最高级,而是表示 “非常,很”之意,相当于very,very much.此时,most的前面一般不加the
The story is most interesting.
It is a most difficult problem.
Interesting or interested
-ing形容词和-ed形容词的特点
-ing形容词主要用于描述引起人某种感觉的事物,因此,句子的主语通常是事物或作定语修饰事物;
-ed形容词主要是用来描述人的感觉,表示“人对事物产生某种感觉”
the exciting news
the excited man
-ing形容词可以修饰人
用-ing形容词修饰人,是说明这个人能够引起的某种情绪
a boring man 一个烦人的人
a bored man 一个烦闷的人
He is interesting to listen to. 听他讲话很有意思。
-ed形容词可以修饰物
被动关系?
Tom had a frightening look on his face. 汤姆的表情吓死人了。
Tom had a frightened look on his face. 汤姆吓坏了,满脸都是惊恐的表情。