Chapter 1

二语习得引论：One not widely used in the learner's immediate social context, which might be used for further travel or other cultural communication situations。

Chapter1. Introducing Second Language Acquisition

• What is SLA
  • The definition of SLA
    • It refers both to the study of individual and groups who are learning a language subsequent to learning their first one as young children and to the process of learning that language.
    • It involves a wide range of language learning settings and learner characteristics and the circumstances.
  • The scope of SLA
    • Informal L2 learning
      • Takes place in naturalistic context
    • Formal L2 learning
      • Takes place in classrooms
  • Three basic questions
    • What exactly does L2 learner come to know?
    • How does the learner acquire this language?
    • Why are some learners more successful than others?
    • No answers to these questions
      • SLA is highly complex in nature.
      • Scholars studying SLA come from academic disciplines which differ greatly in theory and research methods
  • The multidisciplinary nature of SLA
    • Linguists
      • The characteristics of the differences and similarities and the languages that are in learned
      • Linguistic competence(underlying knowledge)
      • Linguistic performance(Actual production)
    • Psychologists
      • Mental or cognitive processes.
      • The representation of languages in the brain.
    • Sociolinguists
      • Communicative competence
      • Pragmatic competence
    • Social psychologists
      • Group-related phenomenon
  • Different perspectives
    • Linguistic
    • Psychological
    • Social
• What is a second language
  • A second language
    • An official or socially dominant language needed for education employment and other basic purposes
  • A foreign language
    • One not widely used in the learner's immediate social context, which might be used for further travel or other cultural communication situations, or studied as a curricular requirements or elective in school, but was no immediate or necessary practical application.
  • A library language
    • When which functions primarily as a tool for further learning through reading, especially when books or journals in a desired field of study are not commonly published in the learns' native tongue.
  • An auxiliary language
    • One which learners need to know for some official functions in their immediate political setting, or will need for proposes of wider communication, although their first language serve the most their needs in their lives.
• What is a first language
  • Simultaneous multilingualism
    • Acquisition of more than one language during early childhood.
  • Sequential multilingualism
    • Learning additional language after L1.
• Diversity in learning and learners
  • Informal exposure
  • Formal instruction