英语情态动词的用法以及常见结构梳理思维导图

一张图掌握英语情态动词。该图涵盖can/could、may/might、will/would、dare、need、must、should、shall等情态动词常见结构与用法。早学早受益。

情态动词

can/could

请求和允许(Permission)

can用来回答

Could i use your dictionary? yes,you can.

could语气委婉

能力(Ability)

can表，现在，将来

She can swim, but she couldn't last year.

could表过去，

可能性Possibility,常用于否定句中

can VS be able to

“能力”互换

过去时，could一般能力，was/were able to do＝manage to do.

can't …too…再…也不为过

You can't be too careful when crossing the street.

may/might

允许

May i ask where you were born? Yes, you may./No, you mustn't/may not.

可能

不用于否定，疑问，might只有语气无时态

祝愿

May you succeed!

may/might …as well may/might as well 不妨…，还是…的好

You may as well stay here.

will/would

疑问句，请求建议，would和won't语气更委婉无时态， Would you提问，will回答.

意愿Willingness 意图Intention 决心Determination 承诺Promise =be willing to

表示，“没有固定时间的习惯性动作或某种倾向” 过去时，would＝used to

Boys will be boys.

Tom will talk for hours if you give him a chance.

shall

用于，第一三人称 疑问句中，“征求对方意见或向对方请示”

shall he come tomorrow?你要他明天来吗

第二三人称肯定句，命令，警告，强制，允诺

You shall do it, whether you want it or not.

you shall pay for it.

should

劝告建议，“应该” 道义上的责任义务，ought to

We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.

You are hus father, you ought to take care of him

推测，可能，“按道理应该”

一般结论后面加证据，推测

说话人的感情，惊奇，愤怒，失望

Why should I go?

She should be so stubborn.她竟然

must

必须Necessity,语气更强烈 否定提问用needn't或doesn't have to. mustn't表禁止，劝告，主张.

You mustn't miss the movie.

must和have to must必须 have to不得不

推测Deduction must只用于肯定句，在否定中用can't/couldn't和can/could 形式must be /do must be doing must have done

推测强度 Must will would ought to should can could may might

need

疑问句，肯定回答must 否定needn't

实意动词

need doing被动

dare

否定疑问条件句中居多

实义动词，肯定句dare to 否定疑问句，dare

I dare to jump down from the top

She doesn't dare face her teacher.

情态动词＋have done

must have done过去一定做过 can't/couldn't have done过去一定没做过

I must have seen you somewhere. The room can't have been cleaned.

may/might have done 没那么肯定

could have done 本能够做但没能成，唉

should have done/ought to have done 本应该，却没有 should not have done/ought not to have done.本不该干啥非得干

They ought to have completed their work much earlier.

You shouldn't have left your son alone at home.

needn't have done本来不用干非得没事找事