美国国情发展时间线

这是一篇关于美国国情发展时间线的思维导图，主要内容有ln the late 1400s、1492.10.12、In the early 16th century等。

• In the late 1400s
  • the age of early exploration
    • motivations:
      • the pursuit of economic gain;
      • need to establish trade, routes and hunger for gold;
      • opportunities to spread Christianity;
      • the pursuit of glory;
      • the desire for conquest.
    • difficulties:
      • food stores and fresh water supply;
      • bad weather conditions;
      • man power;
      • scurvy.
• 1492.10.12
  • Columbus discovers the New World
• In the early 16th century
  • early European emigrants
    • motivations:
      • to escape political oppression;
      • for surviving because of poor crops yields and economic difficulties;
      • to seek religious freedom.
• 1607
  • the first colony Virginia made by Jamestown,
    • Southern colonies
      • the main income are three major cash crops: tobacco, rice, and indigo; ‚for a new trade market; ƒhierarchical order: the aristocracy (wealthy but very few), the middle class farmers and the slaves (not indentured servants).
• 1620
  • the second colony Massachusetts made by Puritans
    • New English colonies
      • founded by Puritans who has suffered a lot of religious persecution, for religious freedom; ‚the main income are fishing, shipbuilding, manufacturing, and fur trading along with trading goods; ƒsmall-scale peasant; „relatively equal, at least in the eyes of God.
  • the Mayflower Compact
    • a group of Puritans who sailed to the New World on the ship Mayflower came to be known as Pilgrims.
• 1621
  • the first Thanksgiving Feast
• 1607-1753 The Colonial America
• 1763
  • end of the Seven Years’ War
    • Britain and France fought, Britain defeated France the British government change economic policies towards American colonies.
• 1764
  • Sugar Act
    • outlawed foreign liquor; put a modest duty on molasses and levied taxes on luxury items.
• 1765
  • Stamp Act
    • revenue stamps, greatest resistance
  • the “Sons of Liberty”
    • formed to protest the Stamp Act, violent means
• 1767
  • Townshend Act
    • colonial import duties
• 1773
  • Tea Act
    • tea export rights were given to East India Company, colonies aroused by the loss of the tea trade.
  • the Boston Tea Party
    • the “Sons of Liberty” disguised as Indians and dumped their tea cargo into Boston harbor.
• 1774
  • the Intolerable Acts
    • the Boston Tea Party made the government irritated, to punish the Bostonians.
  • the First Continental Congress
    • each colony, except Georgia, in Philadelphia, to compose a statement, to identify British parliament’s violation, to provide a plan to restore rights, tried to fix things.
• 1775
  • Battle of Lexington
    • from political oppression to military oppression, the first shots of the American Revolutionary, Ralph Waldo Emerson “ the shot heard round the world. ”
  • the Second Continental Congress
    • in Philadelphia, to vote to go to war, to establish militia, to appoint commander-in-chief.
• 1776
  • Common Sense
    • a 50-page pamphlet, attack hereditary monarchy, helped to crystallize the desire for separation
  • the Declaration of Independence
    • by Thomas Jefferson, announced the birth of a new nation, set forth a philosophy of human freedom.
• 1777
  • enacted the Ariticles of Confederation, drafted by John Dickinson
• 1754-1783 The War of Independence
• 1754-1783 The Road to Independerce
• 1781
  • ratified the Ariticles of Confederation
    • to declare war, make treaties, borrow and print money, and requisition funds from the states.
• 1783
  • the Treaty of Paris
    • acknowledged the independence, freedom, and sovereignty of the 13 former colonies.
• 1787
  • the Constitutional Convention
    • James Madison, known as the "Father of the Constitution". His Virginia Plan proposed a three-part national government
      • the legislature (the Senate&the House of Representatives)
      • the executive
      • the judiciary
      • check and balance
• 1789
  • Bill of Rights
• 1784-1819 The Creation of a National Government
  • slowly and sporadicaliy
• the early 17th - late 19th centuries
  • the Westward Movement
    • three main ways
      • purchase
      • cession
      • annexation
    • two motivations
      • finding wealth
      • practicing their religion
• 1848
  • James W. Marshall, found a gold mine
• 1849
  • 80,000 men arrived in California, only half were Americans
  • provided the United States with its richest mines, greatest forests, and most fertilefarm land.
• 1860
  • Lincoln was elected president, and war broke out the Civil War.
  • cotton was the chief crop of the South
• 1863
  • Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation
• 1865
  • the Southern government ended in defeat,
• 1860-1865 The Civil War
• 1865-1877 Reconstruction
  • by the end of the Civil War, the South was in a state of political upheaval, social disorder and economic decay.