名词性从句高中英语

这是一篇关于名词性从句高中英语的思维导图，主要内容有①宾语从句object clause、②定语从句attributive clause、③表语从句predicative clause、只能用whether的情况等。

nominal clause 名词性从句

• ①宾语从句 object clause
  • 1||| 定义：从句在句中充当宾语成分 (可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)
  • 2||| that (常可省略),whether,if:who,what,which,whoever,whateverwhen,where,why,how
  • 3||| I am sorry I am late. I am glad that you can join us. Are you sure his answer is right?
• ②定语从句 attributive clause
  • 1||| 定语从句（也称关系从句、形容词性从句），是指一类由关系词（英语：relative word）引导的从句，因为这类从句的句法功能多是做定语，所以曾被称为定语从句（英语：attributive clause），这类从句除了可以做定语之外，还可以充当状语等其他成分
  • 2||| when at/in/on/during which 表示时间的词（组） 时间状语 where in/at which 表示地点的词（组） 地点状语 why for which reason 原因状语
    • He always remembered the day when(=on which) his father returned from America. 有些词如case, condition, point等也可以看做是表示（抽象的）地点的词，因此其关系从句的关系词也可以选择where。 例如： This is the job where you can learn something.
• ③表语从句 predicative clause
  • 1||| 定义：从句在句中充当表语成分连系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。
  • 2||| 连接词: that /whether /as if /as though一般放在(if不引导表语从句) 连接代词:who / whoever / which / whatever 连接副词:when /where /why /how
  • 3||| 1.在表语从句中,，表“是否”时，只能用“whether”不能用“if’ 2.一般情况下， that”不能省略 3.It is / was why... 4. The reason (why .../ for ..2..) is / was that
  • 4||| 4 The question is whether the film is worth seeing.| 5 The reason why he was late was that he missed the bus by oneminute this morning. 6 My suggestion is that we (should) tell him the truth
• 只能用whether的情况
• ⑤同位语从句 appositive clause
  • 1||| 定义：从句在句中充当同位语成分一些抽象名词( idea,belief, fact,truth,rumour,news一般跟在等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明
  • 2||| 同位语从句常用 that/whether 引导 或连接副词whenwhere /why /how。
  • 3||| Suddenly the thought came to me that he could go blind. The fact that they won theThe news that they told us chgame pleased all of them.
• ④主语从句 subjec clause
  • 1||| 主语从句，即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子
  • 2||| 1.Who he is doesn't concern me 2.What he said is unbelievable. 3. Where we shall do the test is still under discussion 4.When we will hold the sports meet is still unknown 5. How he got in touch with Tom is not clear. 6. That light travels faster than sound is known to us all. 7. Whether she likes the present is not clear to me
• which 和 that
  • 只用that
    • 1. 当先行词为all, much, little, none及由any, every, some, no所构成的复合不定代词时。 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, much, some等词修饰时。 3. 当先行词为序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 4. 当先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 5. 当先行词被the very, the only, the last, the just, the same等修饰时。 6. 当先行词既包含人又包含物时。 7. 当先行词是疑问代词who，which，what或主句以这些词开头时。 8. 当先行词为主句表语或关系代词为从句表语时。 9. 先行词为time时，当time表示次数，引导词用that, 可省略。 当表示时间，可用that或when引导，都可省略。
  • 只用which
    • 1. 在“介词＋关系代词”结构中，关系代词必须用which。 2. 先行词为“those＋表事物的复数名词”时， 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。最后，记得这个特殊情况吧：当先行词是表示原因或方式的名词时，可以用that引导定语从句，相当于介词+which，that可以省略。
• 陈述句语序
• 虚拟语气
  • 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的
  • My suggestion is that we (should) tell him the truth
  • “一、二、三、四”，即一个坚持（insist），两个命令（order,command），三个建议（suggest,propose,advise），四个要求（demand,require,request,ask）。这些动词或名词后的从句需用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语用should+动词。
• 前有介词时，后有不定时 位于句首时,discuss后 表从和同从，whether or not
  • The question is whether he should do it. 2.Whether she will come back on time depends on weather. 3.I asked her whether/if she had a bike. 4. We're worried about whether he is safe. 5.i don't know whether he is well or not. 6.I don't know whether or not he is well. 7. The doctor can hardly answer the question whether old man will recover soon.the
• 1）连接代词在从句中作主语或宾语 2）连接副词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、方式状语和原因状语。 3)连词则不充当任何成分，即它们引导的从句是完整的
• 定语从句与同位语从句的区别
  • 1.同位语从句: that 只起连接作用，不作任何成分:定语从句: tat 是关系代词，起连接作用，充当宾语和主语。
  • 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明;定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系.对名词进行修饰,加以限定
  • 同位语从句:与前面的名词是同位关系，对名词进行补充说明;定语从句:与前面的名词是所属关系.对名词进行修饰,加以限定
  • We expressed the hope that they would come to China again. 同位语从句 We expressed the hope that they had expressed. 定语从句
• 引导词
  • 连接词
    • that（无含义）、if、whether（“是否”）【不作成分】
  • 连接代词（在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）
    • whomever、whose、whosever、what、whatever、which、whichever
  • 连接副词（作状语）
    • when、whenever、where、wherever、how、however、why