Cultural Dimensions

这是一篇关于Cultural Dimensions的思维导图，一种文化对自身或群体的依赖和忠诚度，感兴趣的小伙伴可以看看哦~

Cultural Dimensions

• Individualism versus collectivism
  • Definition: The degree to which a culture relies on and has allegiance to the self or the group.
  • Cause: Cultures differ in the extent to which individual autonomy is regarded favorably or unfavourably.
  • Typical States: Australia, Belgiun, the Netherlands, and the United States
  • Proposition: Believe that people are only supposed to take care of themselves, and perhaps their immediate families.
  • The most important: The autonomy of the individual is paramount.
  • Individualism
  • Definition: Desisions that juxtapose the benefits to the individual and the group are always based on what is best for the group.
  • Proposition: Believe in obligations to the group, dependence of the individual on organization and institutions.
  • Characteristic: a "We"consciousness, and an emphasis on belonging.
  • collectivism
  • Case analysis:
    • 1. Students from individualistic cultures are likely to ask questions of the teacher, students from collectivistic cultures are not.
    • 2. students from individualistic cultures are more likely to use confrontational strategies when dealing with interpersonal problems.
    • 3. those with a collectivistic orientation are likely to ues adoidance, third-party intermediaries, or other face-saving techniques,
• Uncertainty avoidance
  • Definition: Cultures differ in rhe extent to which they prefer and can tolerate anbiguity.
  • Relationship: The low UAIs leads to a high tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity.
    • Denmark
    • Jamaica
    • Ireland
    • Singapore
    • ...
  • Relationship: The high UAIs prefer to avoid uncertainty as a cultura value.
    • Greece
    • Guateman
    • Portugal
    • Uruguay
    • ...
  • Influence: Different in level of uncertainty avoidance can result in unexpected problems in interculural communication.
• Power distance
  • Levels of status
  • Social power
  • Power should be distributed unequally and the decisions of the power holders should be challenged or accepted.
    • Influence
      • In family customs
      • The relationships between syudents and teachers
      • Organizational practices
      • In other areas of social life
    • distinction
      • In high-PDIcultures:be expected to obey their parents without challenging or questioning them.
      • In low-PDI cultures put less value on obedience and taught to seek resons or justifications for their parents' action.
• Masculinity femininity
  • Definition
    • The degree to which a culture valves such behaviors as assertiveness and the acquisition of wealth or caring for others and the quality of life.
      • Masculinity
        • High-MAS
          • believe in ostentatious
          • very specific behaviors
          • products are associated with appropriate male behavior
        • Low-MAS
          • less in external achievements
          • shous of manliness
          • more important of life choices that improve intrinsic aspects of the qulity of life
      • Femininity
        • women should be nurturing
        • teacher rarely praise individual achievements
• Time-orientation
  • Long- term
    • life value social order
    • long-range goals
    • admire persistence, thriftiness, humility
    • a sense of shame
    • status differences within interpersonal relationships
  • Shout-term
    • changing events have a deep appreciation for tradition
    • personal steadiness and stability
    • maintaining the "face" of self and otheres
    • balance or reciprocity when greeting others
    • giving and receiving gifts and favors
    • an expectation of quick results
    • folloing one's action and immediate gratification of one's needs