Ralph Waldo Emerson

美国文学史Ralph Waldo Emerson 生平简介 作品等，Ralph Waldo Emerson, (born May 25, 1803, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.—died April 27, 1882, Concord, Massachusetts), American lecturer, poet, and essayist, the leading exponent of New...

Ralph Waldo Emerson

• Achievements
  • An American essayist, lecturer and great prose-poet
  • A leading New England writer of transcendentalism
  • The first American to call for an independent culture
  • “The American Confucius"
  • “The father of the American civilization"
• Life
  • In 1803. Born in Boston.
  • In 1811.When he was 8, his father passed away and Emerson was left to support his four brothers.
  • In 1817. When he was 14, he went to Harvard.
  • In 1821. After graduated from Harvard,he assisted his brother in a school for young women established in the mother s house.
  • In 1829. He was appointed as a junior pastor by Boston's Second Church.
  • In 1832. He abandoned Unitarianism and went to Europe to embrace the romantic notions of nature and philosophy.
  • In 1835. He and other intellectuals founded a Transcendental Club.
  • In 1847. His Poems appeared.
  • In 1882. He passed away.
• Works
  • In 1836: Nature
    • "The Universe is composed of Nature and the Soul, Spirit is present everywhere”
    • The book presents a theory of the universe, its origin, present condition, and final destiny.
    • Nature's voice pushed American Romanticism into a new phase,
    • the phase of New England Transcendentalism, the summit of American Romanticism/ American Renaissance.
  • In 1837: The American Scholar
  • In 1838: Divinity School Address
  • In 1841: The Essay on Self Reliance
    • This essay focuses on his discussion on the individual relation with his culture—culture in the broadest definition,
    • thus exploring the implications of the fierce individualism at the heart of his
    • Transcendental faith: the dignity, the ultimate sanctity[holiness] of each human being.
  • In 1841:The Over-soul
  • In 1850: Representative Men
  • In 1856: English Traits
• Transcendentalism
  • The core viewpoint of transcendentalism is that people can directly know truth beyond sense and reason and emphasize the importan ce of intuition.
  • Emerson: "What is popularly called Transcendentalism among us is idealism; idealism as appears in 1842."
  • 1.The intuition
  • 2.Spirit
  • 3.The individual
  • 4.Natur
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