导图社区 初中英语人教版八下UNIT 1 What's the matter?section B 知识点
初中英语人教版,八下第一课课本secion B 重点句型、重点词汇、重要知识点全梳理。按课文句子、知识点、知识点解读、知识点拓展、例句、真题分别展开。可以帮助掌握知识结构,帮助记忆关键知识点,帮助扩展相关知识,帮助了解知识点出题方向。
编辑于2023-01-27 13:59:41 湖北省初中英语人教版,八下第一课课本secion B 重点句型、重点词汇、重要知识点全梳理。按课文句子、知识点、知识点解读、知识点拓展、例句、真题分别展开。可以帮助掌握知识结构,帮助记忆关键知识点,帮助扩展相关知识,帮助了解知识点出题方向。
课本重点句型、重点词汇、重要知识点全梳理。按课文句子、知识点、知识点解读、知识点拓展、例句、真题分别展开。可以帮助掌握知识结构,帮助记忆关键知识点,帮助扩展相关知识,帮助了解知识点出题方向。
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初中英语人教版,八下第一课课本secion B 重点句型、重点词汇、重要知识点全梳理。按课文句子、知识点、知识点解读、知识点拓展、例句、真题分别展开。可以帮助掌握知识结构,帮助记忆关键知识点,帮助扩展相关知识,帮助了解知识点出题方向。
课本重点句型、重点词汇、重要知识点全梳理。按课文句子、知识点、知识点解读、知识点拓展、例句、真题分别展开。可以帮助掌握知识结构,帮助记忆关键知识点,帮助扩展相关知识,帮助了解知识点出题方向。
八下UNIT 1 What's the matter? section B
Someone felt sick
sick
用作形容词,意为“生病的;有病的”。 sick既可作表语,也可以作定语。作表语时,be sick=be ill (注意:ill意为“有病的”时,常作表语, 通常不作定语)
sick用作形容词
表示“恶心的,想吐的”,此时一般不在名词前作定语。
I want to get off the bus. I feel a little sick.
我想下车。我感到有点儿恶心。
told him to rest
tell sb. (not) to do sth.
意为“告诉某人(不要) 做某事”。
[真题]2018广西北部湾经济区)Our teacher often tells us _______ in the river. It’s dangerous. A. not swim B. not to swim C. to swim D. swimming
解析:我们可用“固定搭配法”解答本题。tell sb.(not)to do sth .为固定搭配,意为“告诉某人(不要)做某事”。由后句句意“那是危险的”可知前句句意为“我们的老师经常告诉我们不要在河里游泳”,故选B。答案:B
have problems breathing
have problems (in) doing sth.
为固定短语,意为“做某事有问题/困难”,其同义短语为have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.
breathe
此处用作不及物动词,意为“呼吸"。
breathe还可用作及物动词
意为“呼吸”。
It’s good to breathe fresh air.
呼吸新鲜空气有好处。
breathe的名词形式
是breath, 意为“呼吸”。
out of breath
上气不接下气,
take a deep breath
深呼吸。
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing
who 引导的定语从句
此处who is interested in mountain climbing是定语从句,修饰先行词an American man, who是关系代词。
被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。当先行词为人时,常用关系代词who或 that引导定语从句,who或 that在定 语从句中可作主语或宾语。
who或 that作主语 时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。
be interested in
是固定短语,意为“对……感兴趣”,侧重状态,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
become interested in
意为“对...产生兴趣”,侧重动作。
interested与interesting辨析
interested
感兴趣的
多作表语,通常用来说明人的感受
interesting
有趣的
作表语或定语,多表示物具有令人感兴趣的特征,通常用来说明或修饰事物
As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks.
as
此处用作介词,意为“作为”
climber
可数名词,意为“登山者;攀登者”。 该词是由“动词climb+-er” 构成的名词。许多动 词后可加-er或-or构成名词,表示动作的执行者。
许多动词后可加-er或-or构成名词
write (写作)→ writer (作者)
sing (唱歌)→ singer (歌唱家;歌手)
swim (游泳)→ swimmer (游泳者)
collect (收集)→ collector (收集者;收藏家)
visit (参观)→ visitor (参观者)
be used to
此处意为“习惯于…… ;适应于……
此处to为介词,后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
该短语中be还可换成get。
take risks
意为“冒险”,相当于 take a risk。
risk
此处用作可数名词,意为“危险;风险”,
the risk of
意为“ 的风险”
risk用作及物动词
接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
He risked his life when he saved the child from the fire.
他冒着生命危险把那个孩子从火中救了出来。
risk doing sth.
意为“冒险做某事”。
I ’m willing to risk losing everything .
我愿意冒失去一切的危险'。
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
because of 与 because辨析
二者都可意为“因为”
because of
介词短语
后面可接名词(短语)、代词或动词-ing形式
because
连词
引导原因状语从句
Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him .
free
此处用作及物动词,意为“使自由;释放;解放”。
free还可用作形容词
意为“空闲的;免 费的;自由的”。
I’m not free on Monday.
我星期一没空。
Can you get a free ticket for the concert?
你能弄到一张免费的音乐会门票吗?
This is a free country.
这是一个自由 的 国 家 。
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
run out
意为“用尽;耗尽”,其主语通常是被用 尽的时间、食物、金钱等。
run out of…
意为“用光...,用尽....”,
其主语为表示人的名词或代词,宾语为被用尽的物,相当于use up。
I have run out o f all my money.
我已经用光了我所有的钱。
run out
还可表示“跑出去”
run out of
表示“从……跑出去”
A big animal ran out of the zoo last night.
昨天晚上一只大型动物从动物园跑了出来
save one’s life
意为“挽救某人的生命”。
He saved the girl’ s life from the fire yesterday.
昨天他从火中救了那个女孩的命
life
意为“生活方式;生命”,其复数形式为lives
He was not ready to die that day.
be ready to do sth.
意为“准备好做某事;愿意做某事”,表示即将去做。
We are ready to answer the questions.
我们做好了回答问题的准备。
She is always ready to help others.
她总是乐意帮助别人。
be ready for
意为“为... 作准备”。
He was ready for dea th.他对死亡已有了准备
So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
use sth. to do sth.
意为“用某物做某事”,可与 use sth. for doing sth .互换
knife
可数名词,意为“刀”,其复数形式为knives。
以-f(e)结尾的名词变复数
改-f(e)为-ves
半片叶子自己黄half, leaf, self,
妻子拿刀去赶狼wife, knife, wolf,
小偷架后逃命忙thief, shelf, life
cut off
固定短语,意为“切除;切断”,为“动词+ 副词”型结构.
宾语是名词时,可放在cut与 off之间,也可放在off之后;
宾语是人称代词吋, 只能放在cut和 off之间。
When was the telephone cut off?
电话什么时候被切断了?
The flowers are beautiful. Don’t cut them off.
这些花很漂亮,不要它们剪下来。
与cut相关的短语
cut down
砍倒;减少
cut up
切碎
cut in
插人;插话
cut... into…
把...切成....
cut out
删掉;割去
主题
Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood.
with 与 in辨析
两者都可用作介词,意为“用”,但用法不同。
With
表 示 “ 用工 具 、身体部位等 ”
in
表 示 “ 用 ” 语言、声音、 材料等
bandage
此处用作及物动词,意为“用绷带包 扎” ;
bandage也可用作名词,意为“绷带”。
so that
以便;为了
引导目的状语从句
so that前通常没有逗号与主句隔开 ;so that可换成in order that
因此;所以
引导结果状语从句
从句根据需要使用相应的时态,so that前可以用逗号
Bring it closer so that (=in order that )I may see it better.
把它拿近些,以便我能看清楚些。(目的状语从句)
She got up late, so that she missed the early bus.
她起床晚了,因此没赶上早班公交车。 (结果状语从句)
[真题]We should take care of the earth _________ we can make a better world to live in. A. so that B. until C. even if D. while
解析:我们可用“前后关系分析法”解答本题。So that‘以便,为了”,引导目的状语从句;until“直到....为止”,引导时间状语;even if“即使,虽然”,引导让步状语从句;while“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句。上文“我们应该爱护地球”是为了“我们能够创造更好的生活环境”,故选A。答案:A
too much, much too 与 too many辨析
too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:much后跟不可数,too后则跟形或副;too many要记住,其后名词必复数
too much
太多,修饰不可数名词,置于名词前;修饰动词放在动词后
I have too much homework to do today.
今天我有太多作业要做。
The teacher told him not to talk too much.
老师告诉他不要说太多。
much too
太,修饰形容词或副词原级,表示程度
The work is much too hard for me.
这工作对我来说太难了
too many
太多,修饰复数名词
There are too many people in the park.
公园里有太多人。
blood
不可数名词,意为“血”。表示“一滴血” 用 a drop of blood。 其形容词形式为bloody,意为“有血的;出血的”。
Blood is thicker than water.
血浓于水。
表示“鼻出血’时
用 nosebleed(名词)。
After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.
called Between a Rock and a Hard Place
为过去分词短语作后置定语,called意为“被称为……”,与named同义,也可用with the name of来代替。
This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
mean (meant,meant)
及物动词,此处意为“意思是;意为' 其后常接名词、动词-ing形式或从句。
其名词形式是meaning,意为“意义;意思”。
“What do you mean by...?”
“What do you mean by...?” = “What do/ does... mean?”= “What’s the meaning of... ?’’ 意为“……是什么意思? ”,其中by后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
What do you mean by this word?=What does this word mean?=What, s the meaning of this word?
这个单词是什么意思?
mean还可表示“意味着”
其后常接名词或动词 -ing形式作宾语。
My new job means working all day and all night.
我的新工作意味着夜以继日地工作。
mean还可表示“打算;意欲”。
mean to do sth.
意为“打算做某事”。
I mean to talk with him about it.
我打算和他谈谈这件事。
get out of
意为“离开;从...出来”,其反义短语是get into“进入”。
Thanks to your help, I got out of trouble in time.
多亏你的帮助,我及时摆脱了困境。
In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decision s, and of being in control of one’s life.
tell of
意为“叙述;描述”。
the importance of (doing) sth.
意为“(做)某事的重要性”。importance不可数名词,意为要性;重要”,其形容词形式是important,意为“重要的”。
Important常考点
常在用所给单词的适当形式填空题中考查important和importance的词形转换。
decision
可数名词,意为“决定;抉择”,其动词形式为decide(决定)。
make decisions/ a decision
意为“做决定”;
make a decision to do sth.
意为“决定做某事”,相当于decide to do sth.
[真题](2018 •黑龙江龙东)用所给单词的适当形式填空 You should learn to make a ____________ (decide) by yourself.
解析:我们可用“语法分析法”解答本题。空格前的不定冠词a表明空格处应填一个单数可数名词。decide的名词形式是decision,make a decision意为“做决定”。答案:decision
be in control of
意为“掌管;管理”。
You should be in control of your own life and business.
你应该掌管自己的生活和事业。
be in the control of
意为“受 控制;受,管理”;
be out of control
意为“失去控制”。
The company is in the control of the young man.
这家公司在这个年轻人的管理之下。
The truck was out of control suddenly.
那辆卡车突然失去了控制。
control
此处用作名词,意为“限制;约束;管理’
He got so angry that he lost control.
他气得失控了。
control还可用作动词
意为“限制;约束; 管理”。
A dead fish only moves along the river, while a living fish can control its journey.
一条死鱼只能随河水而动,而一条活鱼却可以控制它的旅程。
His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
so… that…
意为“如此以至于,that引导结果状语从句。此句型中,SO是副词,常用来修饰形容词或副词。
so... that...否定句型与too... to...或not... enough to...
so... that...句型中,that引导的从句中…的主语与主句中的主语一致,且从句为否定句时可与too... to...或 not... enough to...结构相互转换。
He is so young that he can’t go to school. =He is too young to go to school. =He isn’t old enough ' to go to school.
他太小了,不能去上学。
keep on doing sth.
意为“继续做某事”,表示动作重复多次,中间有间隔,强调重复性。
keep doing sth .
意为“继续不停地做某事”,表示动作持续不间断、无停顿,强调连续性。
Keep walking until you reach the end of the road.
继续走,直到你到达路的尽头。
keep sb. doing sth.
意为“使某人一直做某事”。
Don’t keep your mother waiting.
不要让你妈妈一直等着。
keep sb. from doing sth.
意为“阻止某人做某事”
You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons.
你不该阻止他看动画片 。
before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.
death, die, dead与dying辨析
death
不可数名词
die
动词(died, died, dying)
dead
形容词
死的
dying
形容词
垂死的;要死的
在句中常作定语
Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks
mind
此处用作及物动词,意为“介意;在乎”, 后面可接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或从句作宾 语,但不能跟动词不定式。
mind也可用作不及物动词
常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。
Would you mind parking your car there?
你介意把车停到那边吗?
Do you mind if I open the window?
我打开窗户,你介意吗?
I don’t mind at all.
我一点儿都不介意。
Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
give up
意为“放弃”,其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
give up 是“动词+副词”型短语,后接人称代词作宾语时,应将人称代词放在 give和up之间。
She doesn’t give up easily.
她不轻易放弃。
We should never give up hope.
我们应该永远不放弃希望。
Don’t give it up. It is very important.
不要放弃它。它很重要。
[真题]Fighting for your dreams is like climbing a mountain. Whatever difficulties you meet,don’t _________ . Just move on. A. set off B. come out C. give up
解析:我们可用“联系上下文法”解答本题。 set off意为“动身;出发”;come out意为 “出 版;出现”;give up意为“放弃”。联系上文“为 梦想而战就好像是爬山,无论你遇到什么困难”和下文“只要继续前行”可知,give up符 合语境。空格处表示“放弃”。 答案:C