传染病学——疟疾(英文版）

大学英语 医学英语阅读unit11，如 Malaria is a disease transmitted to humans by certain types of mosquitoes and can be life-threatening.

malaria

• definition
  • Malaria is a disease transmitted to humans by certain types of mosquitoes and can be life-threatening.
• categories
  • vivax malaria
  • quartan malaria
  • ovale malaria
  • subtertian malaria
• mechanism
  • Plasmodium → human blood → intrahepatocytes parasitic multiplication→ intra-red blood cell multiplication→ red blood cell rupture in batches→ intermittent chills, high fever, sweating after relief
• pathogeny
  • Intermediate host: human
  • Final host: Anopheles mosquito
  • Stage of infection: sporozoites
  • Route of infection: mosquito bites
  • Parasitic sites: hepatocytes, red blood cells
  • Mildest infection: malaria malaria
• epidemiology
  • Infection
  • Route of transmission
    • Mosquito
    • blood transfusion
    • Mother-to-child transmission
  • Susceptibility people
  • Prevalence factors
    • Environment, Society
• symptoms
  • Typical symptoms
    • Cycle onset
    • chills
    • fever
    • sweating
    • anemia and splenomegaly
  • Other symptoms
    • Black urine fever – hemolytic-uremic syndrome
    • Cerebral malaria
• diagnosis
  • Clinical manifestations
    • Typical symptoms
  • Laboratory tests
    • Thick and thin blood smear
    • The easiest: thin smear + microscopic examination after staining
  • standard
    • Malaria parasites in the blood
    • Typical clinical symptoms
    • Antimalarial drugs are effective
• treatment
  • Three principles
    • Control clinical symptoms
    • Eradicate gametophytes
    • Prevent recurrence
  • drug therapy
  • Commonly used drugs
    • Drugs that kill malaria parasites in red blood cells
    • Drugs that kill intraerythrocyte malaria parasite gametophytes and delayed sporozoites
  • Two concepts
    • Clinical cure
      • Refers to the elimination of symptoms of an acute attack of malaria, but the parasite can continue to exist in the body's red blood cells
    • Radical treatment
      • It means that not only the clinical symptoms disappear, but also all malaria parasites including the red and intrahepatic phases are eliminated, so that neither recurrence nor recurrence can occur
• public health
  • National Malaria Day
    • April 26
  • The world's three major public health threats are diseases
    • malaria
    • AIDS
    • tuberculosis
  • More than 90% of global malaria cases are concentrated in Africa
• government policies
  • Malaria elimination in China: 2020
  • Basic public health services
  • Malaria surveillance in high-risk areas has been strengthened
  • Timeline of the "1-3-7" strategy
    • "1" indicates the one-day period for health facilities to report malaria diagnoses
    • By the end of day 3, health authorities need to confirm cases and determine the risk of transmission
    • Within 7 days, appropriate measures must be taken to prevent the further spread of the disease