导图社区 UNIT 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears
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UNIT 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears
现代大学英语精读4第三版UNIT 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears思维导图，大家可以学起来哦。
编辑于2023-07-20 11:21:10- 相似推荐
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UNIT 4 Lions and Tigers and Bears
Sentence pattern
句型：There is no verb+ing
There's no escaping the dust in Spring.
There's no escaping the fact that he has lied.
There's no escaping mental stress these days.Life is tough.
There is no denying the fact that these people have a reason to be angry.
There is no arguing with someone who refuses to listen.
He knew that from that day onward there was no going back.
There was no mistaking his intention this time.
There is no telling how long he might be away.
There is no denying that he is bad-tempered and selfish. But he's also a genius.
appositive clause
Of course, anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city's essential platitude—that you don't wander around Central Park at night—and in that, needless to say, was the appeal: It was the thing you don't do.
So far,so normal,and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in Amereca,except in one respect:A police car was now parked conspicuously in view,its roof light slowly rotating.
except / except for
1.as preposition, both "except" and "except for" are used to introduce the only person, thing, action, fact or situation about which a statement is not true. 2.as conjunction, "except" is not used by itself to introduce a clause, and it used with that or a "wh-". 3."except" is often used with a prepositional phrase. 4."except" is often used with an infinitive phrase with or without " to ".
Glossary
classical [ˈklæsɪkl] adj. 受古希腊与古罗马文化影响的He plays classical music, as well as pop and jazz.
conspicuously [kən'spɪkjʊəslɪ]adv. 显著地Women were conspicuously absent from the planning committee.
contrived [kənˈtraɪvd]adj. 预谋的；不自然的 The book's happy ending seemed contrived.
glaringly [ˈɡleərɪŋli]adv. 显眼地 The hardest thing to explain is the glaringly evident which everybody had decided not to see.
magnify[ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ]v.夸张 Poverty and human folly magnify natural disasters. magnifying glass放大镜
obtrusive [ˈəbˈtruːsɪv]adj.显眼的 They tried to ensure that their presence was not too obtrusive.
ramble [ˈræmbl]n. 漫游 He had lost track of what he was saying and began to ramble.
rampage [ræmˈpeɪdʒ]n.暴跳如雷 Gangs of youths went on the rampage in the city yesterday.
rigid [ˈrɪdʒɪd]adj. 僵硬的 He balanced his budgets by rigid control over public expenditure.
Analysis of word meanings
blond:n.金发的人 (既可形容女性，也可形容男性）--blondish:adj.--blondness:n. blonde:n.金发的女人（偏向于女性） --blond:adj.(用作形容词时，不用于比较级）
Language Focus
useful phrases
noun phrase:mineral water ; muggy evening : nocturnal spot ; impenetrable foliage ; rough elements ; plaid shirt ; horn-rimmed glasses ; domain of the privileged; senior citizens ; recreation center ; dirt trail ; bridle path : sleeping bag ; founding commissioner ;tiger's lair; city administer : purse snatcher ; highway robb;drug dealer; roof light ; Nature Observatory ;eye contact;sense of direction; baseball diamonds ; volleyball courts ;swimming pools; the running track ;the Empire State Building; a band concert ; a secluded place ; an esthetic experience
verb phrase:stuff sth . with sth .; curl up ; drop off to sleep ; walk / wander around ; creep into ; agree in ; make for ; drift out ; come upon ; rip out : jerk sb . forward ; reach out ; pat sb . on the back ; take over ; put in ; set out for ; pick up ; flatten out ; whip around ; make ... out of ; stay away : peek through : turn down a path ; tiptoe across ; roll sth . into ; crawl inside ; camp out ; scurry up : inch up
prepositional phrases:in / out of view ; on a trail / path ; with time on one 's hands ; to the day;in the distance; on one ' s own ;at the heart of ; at its most popular ; on bicycles / foot ; on a rampage ; on a starlit drive ;within arm's reach; in one respect
useful verb +noun collocations:stuffone 's rucksack ;round the corner; obliterate all sense of direction; row a boat ; avoid eye contact; grab one ' s arm ; unroll the sleeping bag : make one 's way back ; wind its way down; make that noise; lose / get one ' s bearings ; review the details in one 's mind ; hold a concert ; design the park; spot a couple;pick up pace;call up the memory
onomatopoeic words:pee ;撒尿声 shoo嘘（赶走鸟等时所发声音） ; munch咀嚼声 ; screech尖叫声 ; rattle咯咯声 ; crash碰撞声 ; snap啪嗒声；响指声 ; crack爆裂声 ; rustle沙沙声；bubble 冒泡声; crunch摩擦声 ; murmur 低语声; mumble 喃喃自语声; hum 嗡嗡声; buzz 嗡嗡声; hiss 嘘声; thud重击声 ; pound 重击声; click咔哒声 ; grind 摩擦声; tinkle 叮当声; clap霹雳声
word accumulation
animal homes
lair;den（lion、bear、tiger、wolf);coop(chicken、duck、geese);kennel、doghouse(dog);stable(cattle、horse);pen、fold(sheep goat);nest(bird);pigsty(pig);beehive(bee)
places for sports and games:court;field;rink;ring;swimming pool
different ways of
walking:stroll闲逛;bummel闲逛;roam闲逛;wander闲逛;stride大步走;skip蹦蹦跳跳地走;pace踱步;step跨步走;march齐步走;hike徒步;shuffle拖着脚走;tiptoe踮着脚走;ramble散步
running；jog慢跑;rush冲;sprint;短跑spurt冲刺;chase追逐;pursue追逐;bolt落荒而逃;scurry碎步疾跑;scuttle急促奔跑;plunge突然向前倒下
Knowledge extension
The Shakespeare's Masterpiece
• The Four Tragedies:
•Hamlet《哈姆雷特》 •(The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark) • Othello《奥赛罗》 •King Lear《李尔王》 • Macbeth《麦克白》
• The Four Comedies:
•A Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》 •As You Like It《皆大欢喜》 •Twelfth Night《第十二夜》 •The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》
figure of speech
euphemism
He even tried to turn the Ramble into a senior citizen's recreation center,but was stopped by the protesting bird-watchers.
simile
There were fireflies,even at this hour,and the place was so dark and so densely shrouded by the trees overhead that the light of the fireflies was hugely mgnified;their abdomens pulsed like great yellow flashlights.
oxymon
One was the Romantic park, which included the Ramble, the carefully "designed" wilderness, wild re-createdin the middle of the city. (para. 7)
metonymy
So far,so normal,and this could have been an outdoor summer-stock Shakespeare production anywhere in Amereca,except in one respect:A police car was now parked conspicuously in view,its roof light slowly rotating.
writing style
narration
I.setting
when
where
who
II.plot
what happened
III.point of view
1st person or 3rd person
IV.order of narration
time,space,climax,etc.
V.strands
sentence analysis
Of course, , anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city 's essential platitude-that you don't wander around Central Park at night-and in that , needless to say , was the appeal: It was the thing you don't do .当然，凡是知道一点的纽约人都知道关于那个城市的一句老话，你晚上不该在中央公园瞎逛，而这不用说，恰恰是吸引力之所在，它是你平常不会做的事。1.It's compond complex sentence.2.In the first coordinate clause:: the first one: "who knows anything about New York" modifying the subject "anybody". ①subject:anybody ②predicate: konws(第二个）③object:the city's...subordinate clause:who knows anything about New York.3.In the second coordinate clause:①suject:the appeal ②predicate:was 4.“It was the thing ...”is the appeal's appositive.
The Park is now framed , enveloped even , by the city , but there was no escaping the recognition that this city-contrived , man-made , glaringly obtrusive , consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy-was very beautiful .这公园现在已经被城市框在中间，甚至可以说是被城市紧紧裹在里面了。但是这城市，你不得不承认，虽然它是假的，人造的，看起来十分光亮刺眼，消耗着大量的水、电和能源，它仍然非常的美。1.It's compond complex sentence.There are two coordinate clause connected by"but".2.In the first coordinate clause:e. Main:The Park is now framed. "enveloped even"3.In the second coordinate clause:suject: predicate:main clause:there was ...recognition.appsitive clause:a shortened concession clause with the conjunction Though/althow omitted.
Paraphrase sentences
1. Of course , anybody who knows anything about New York knows the city 's essential platitude-that you don't wander around Central Park at night-and in that , needless to say , was the appeal: It was the thing you don't do .( para .1)Everyday who kmows New York knows that you should not wander in Central Park at night because it is too dangerous . This is known to all and has been said over and over . However , precisely because of the risk , it is natural that people often want to do it .
2. And I bolted , not running , exactly , but no longer strolling-and certainly not looking back-tuming left , turning right , all sense of direction obliterated , the crashing continuing behind me , louder even , left , another man in a T-shirt , right , another man , when finally I realized where I was-in the Ramble .( para .5) I walked away quickly . I was not exactly running ( because I didn't want to show that I was frightened ), but was not walking at a leisurely pace either , and certainly didn't dare to look back . I turned left and right frantically , trying to get rid of the man , and as a result , lost my sense of direction . I could hear the sound of someone behind me , and it was growing louder . I turned left and ran into a man in a T-shirt ; I turned right , and ran into another man . Finally I realized where I was-in the Ramble.
3. The concert , pointedly , was held on a Saturday , still a working day , because the concert , like much of the Park then , was designed to keep the city 's rougher elements out .( para .7）The concert was deliberately held on a Saturday when ordinary poor people were all working so as to keep these people out , just as the whole Park was built exclusively for the privileged.
4.The Park is now framed , enveloped even , by the city , but there was no escaping the recognition that this city-contrived , man-made , glaringly obtrusive , consuming wasteful and staggering quantities of electricity and water and energy-was very beautiful .( para .12)The Park is now completely surrounded by the city , but it is impossible to deny ( you have to admit ) that the city was very beautiful , although it was not a natural kind of beauty , it was artificial and showy , and it used up a great amount of water and energy .
5.My voice startled them and , directly overhead,one of them started peeing.And then,nature finding herself unable to resist，it started to pour.(para.24)The raccoons were shocked by my voice, and one of them started peeing . And then , as ifnature , hearing the racoon pecing , was unable to resist the temptation to pee ,heavy rain started ,( Notice the humorous way the author compared the pecing of the raccoon and the pouring rain of nature .)
Article outline
I. Introduction: The author's purpose of spending a night in Central Park (para.1)
II. His experiences in the Park during the firstcouple of hours (paras. 2-6)
1. Warning of the police against going there at night (para. 2)
2. Safety precautions on the part of the police that night (para. 3)
3. His reflections on the changes of the Park (para. 10)
4. His fear and encounter with two men in the bushes (para. 5)
5. His admiration of the beauty of New York City as viewed from the Park (para. 12)
III.His later adventures(para.7-12)
1.His recollections of the early days of the Park(para.7)
2.His encounter with a couple whom his appearance frightened(paras8-9)
3.His reflections on the changes of the Park(paras.10)
4.The return of his fear after meeting two gangs of kids(para.11)
5.His admiration of the beauty of New York City as viewed from the Park(para.112)
IV.The occurrences during the rest of the night(para.13-25)
1.His preparation for bed(paras.13-15)
2.His dramatic encounter with three racoons(paras.16-24)
3.His sound sleep(para.25)
to account pf an event/a series of events