EF英语 级别4-单元-6 度假

个人学习EF英语，制作了思维导图笔记，内容详细。此笔记为级别4-单元-6 度假。

级别4 单元 6 度假

• 2 讨论度假计划
  • 词汇
    • 度假活动
      • fishing
        • fishing 钓鱼, 渔业 /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ the sport or business of catching fish They often go fishing. 他们经常钓鱼。
      • going to a spa
        • going to a spa 做水疗 /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tə ə spɑː/ going to a relaxing place where you can receive treatments, such as massages or facials Do you feel relaxed after going to the spa yesterday? going to a spa downtown
      • going to the beach
        • going to the beach 去海滩 /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tə ðə biːtʃ/ going to an area of sand beside the sea, ocean or lake John's family is going to the beach for vacation this year. going to the beach in summer
      • diving
        • diving 潜水 /ˈdaɪvɪŋ/ an act of going underwater and swimming there with special equipment a dive to a depth of 18 meters 潜水深度达18米
      • biking
        • biking 骑自行车 /ˈbaɪkɪŋ/ to go somewhere on a bicycle or motorcycle My dad bikes to work every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车上班
      • sightseeing（游览）
        • sightseeing 游览 /ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/ the activity of visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist to go sightseeing 去观光
      • camping
        • camping 露营 /ˈkæmpɪŋ/ living in a tent on holiday/vacation Do you go camping? 要去露营吗？
      • visiting family
        • visiting family 探望家人 /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈfæməli/ spending time with people who are related to you He couldn't make it to the picnic because he's visiting family today. visiting family on vacation
      • shopping
        • shopping 购物 /ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/ the activity of going to shops/stores and buying things to go shopping 去购物
      • horseback riding
        • horseback riding 骑马 /ˈhɔːrsbæk ˈraɪdɪŋ/ the sport or activity of riding horses Horseback riding is generally done with a saddle.
  • 语法
    • 谈论地方
      • be + going to + 动词
        • 使用 be + going to + 动词谈论未来确认的计划或打算。
  A: What are you going to do on vacation?
B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work. 你假期打算做什么？
我打算去探望朋友和家人。我不打算工作。
        • A: What are you going to do on vacation?
        • B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work.
      • will + 动词
        • 使用 be + going to + 动词谈论未来确认的计划或打算。
  A: What are you going to do on vacation?
B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work. 你假期打算做什么？
我打算去探望朋友和家人。我不打算工作。 
使用 will + 动词表示你预计或认为会发生的事情。在英语口语中，代词和动词通常缩写。
  We'll probably stay in a hotel. 我们可能会呆在酒店。 I'll be happy living by the sea. （我会很高兴住在海边。） You'll like Paris. （你会喜欢巴黎的。）
        • We'll probably stay in a hotel.
        • I'll be happy living by the sea.
        • You'll like Paris.
      • 动词和代词不缩写，表示特意的强调
        • 如果动词和代词不缩写，通常是为了表示特意的强调。
  You will have fun.   （你会玩得开心的。） We will not fight.       （我们不会打架。）
        • You will have fun.
        • We will not fight.
      • will + not + 动词，缩写为 won't。
        • 表达否定意义，使用 will + not + 动词，缩写形式为 won't。
  I won't get sick.  （我不会生病。） They won't come with us.   （他们不会跟我们来。）
        • I won't get sick.
        • They won't come with us.
      • 要确定时间表示将来
        • 要确定时间，你可以添加表示将来的时间表达：
  I'm going to go horseback riding on Thursday.  （星期四我打算去骑马。） The next two days will be an adventure.  （接下来两天将是一场冒险。）
        • I'm going to go horseback riding on Thursday.
        • The next two days will be an adventure.
    • 练习
      • KARA: What are you doing ?
SETH: Oh, nothing much. I'm just relaxing. Listening to some music.
KARA: What's that book there?
SETH: Uh, I'm reading about Prague. The history. I'm really enjoying it.
KARA: Oh, that's right - you're going there on vacation next month.
SETH: Yep. It'll be great.
KARA: I'm sure it will. What are you going to do in Prague?
SETH: Umm, I'm going to go sightseeing in the Old Town. I'm going to walk everywhere. Across the Charles Bridge ...
KARA: Excellent!
SETH: Yeah ... And I'll eat lots of good food.
KARA: You're so lucky! Where are you going to stay ?
SETH: Oh, I'll probably camp somewhere. Maybe I'll pay for a nice hotel on the weekend.
  • 表达
    • 表达疑虑
      • 表达疑虑 使用类似下面的表达表示疑虑。注意语调的变化如何加深说话人的疑虑程度。  
  Are you sure about that? 那你确定吗？ If you say so.  既然你这么说。 
表达疑虑还有一种方法，就是重复或反驳某人刚说的话。再次注意表示疑虑的人的语调。
  A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight.
B: The spa?   我今晚很可能会去水疗中心？
水疗中心？ A: We're going to travel through Europe this year.
B: You're not going to Asia? 我们今年打算环游欧洲。
你不打算去亚洲吗？ 
语言点：注意这些表示疑虑的表达的使用方式和对象。比如，跟老板说 If you say so 可能不大好！
      • 加深说话人的疑虑程度
        • Are you sure about that?
        • If you say so.
      • 重复或反驳某人刚说的话
        • 表达疑虑还有一种方法，就是重复或反驳某人刚说的话。再次注意表示疑虑的人的语调。
  A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight.
B: The spa?   我今晚很可能会去水疗中心？
水疗中心？ A: We're going to travel through Europe this year.
B: You're not going to Asia? 我们今年打算环游欧洲。
你不打算去亚洲吗？
        • A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight.
        • B: The spa?
        • A: We're going to travel through Europe this year.
        • B: You're not going to Asia?
• 4 描述假期
  • 词汇
    • 假期相关的动词
      • The bad news?He lost his passport.
      • We're visiting friends in Rome.
      • We love relaxing at the beach.
      • On weekends,we're eating out.
      • We took a tour of the mountains.
  • 语法
    • 用 So 来描述结果
      • So 来描述某一行动或时间的结果
        • 用 So 来描述结果 你可以使用 So 来描述某一行动或时间的结果。注意，原因(he lost his passport)位于结果之前(he went to the embassy)。
  Shawn lost his passport, so he went to the embassy.   （Shawn 遗失了他的护照，所以去了大使馆。）
        • Shawn lost his passport, so he went to the embassy.
      • So与because的不同
        • 
注意：So 用于引出结果， because 用于引出原因。观察以下句子的不同之处：
  Emily recommended Corcovado, so we went there.  （Emily 推荐基督山，所以我们去了那里。） We went to Corcovado because Emily recommended it. （我们去基督山，因为 Emily 推荐了那里。）
        • Emily recommended Corcovado, so we went there.
        • We went to Corcovado because Emily recommended it.
    • 练习
      • Hi! I'm writing from Las Vegas. What a crazy trip! I got lost when I drove down here. I'm staying in a terrible hotel because the city is so crowded. It's snowing heavily, so I can't drive to the Grand Canyon today. I'll try to take a tour tomorrow. I can't do what I want to do, so I'm having fun playing blackjack at the nice hotels. See you soon. Jeremy
  • 表达
    • 表达目的
      • in order to + 基本动词
        • 使用 in order to + 基本动词表达目的。如果 in order to + 从句位于句子主句之前，使用逗号；如果位于主句之后，则不必使用逗号。 In order to reserve our room, I called the hotel. （为了预订房间，我们打电话到酒店。） I called the hotel in order to reserve our room. 你可以完全省略 in order，只用 to。事实上，to 使用更加普遍，在英语口语中尤其如此。 Courtney went early to avoid the crowds. （Courtney 为了躲开人流早早就去了。）
        • In order to reserve our room, I called the hotel.
        • I called the hotel in order to reserve our room.
        • Courtney went early to avoid the crowds.
      • so that + 从句表达目的
        • 你也可以使用 so that + 从句表达目的。如果位于主句之前，则在 so that 从句之后使用逗号，如果位于主句之后则不必使用逗号。 I turned off my phone so that I could relax.       （我关了手机，以便能够休息。） So that I could relax, I turned off my phone. 你可以省略 that，只是用 so。 I saved my money so I could visit Terry. （我省钱，以便能够去看 Terry。）
        • I turned off my phone so that I could relax.
        • So that I could relax, I turned off my phone.
        • I saved my money so I could visit Terry.
    • 练习
      • I exercise four times a week that in order so that I stay healthy. I was really tired, because so in order to I went to bed. Because So In order to pay for my study, I took a weekend job. I didn't like the meal to because so it was too spicy. I put on a sweater so to because keep warm.
  • 写作
    • 恰当得体的语体
      • 使用恰当的语体 写信时使用正确的语体很重要。以下开头和结尾的一些正式和非正式表达。 非正式开头 Dear Kim,  
Hi, Mom!   （亲爱的 Kim，）   
（嗨，妈妈！）                                                         非正式结尾 Love,  
Take care.
See you soon. （爱你的，）
（保重。）
（再见。） 正式开头 Dear Ms. Tackett,  
To whom it may concern:   （亲爱的 Tackett 小姐，）
（敬启者：） 正式结尾 Sincerely yours,   
Best regards,   （谨上，）
（此致，）
      • 非正式开头
        • Dear Kim,
        • Hi, Mom!
      • 非正式结尾
        • Love,
        • Take care.
        • See you soon.
      • 正式开头
        • Dear Ms. Tackett,
        • To whom it may concern:
      • 正式结尾
        • Sincerely yours,
        • Best regards,
    • 练习
      • September 6 Hi, Nicole! How are you? I'm going to stay another night in Mali so that I can relax and do more sightseeing. Tomorrow, I'll take a tour of Djenne to see the amazing old buildings. The downtown market is full of wonderful smells, so I'm eating a lot of good food. I hope my money lasts because I'm buying many beautiful clothes. I'll give some to you! See you in a week! Love, Megan
• 3 送别某人
  • 语法
    • 用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事
      • 将来做某事。
        • 用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事 使用 will + 动词提议或自愿在不久或更远的将来做某事。 
   Let's go to Istanbul. I'll make the plane reservations right now. （我们去伊斯坦布尔吧。我马上订机票。） I'll drive you to the airport next week, if you want. （如果你愿意，下周我开车送你去机场。）
        • Let's go to Istanbul. I'll make the plane reservations right now.
        • I'll drive you to the airport next week, if you want.
      • 非正式请求
        • 使用 will + 动词提出非正式请求。
  A: When I go on vacation, will you take care of my dog?
B: Sure, I'll take care of little Sammie. （我去度假期间，你帮我照顾狗，好吗？）
（没问题，我帮你照顾小 Sammie。）
        • A: When I go on vacation, will you take care of my dog?
        • B: Sure, I'll take care of little Sammie.
      • will not 谢绝请求
        • 你可以使用 will not 谢绝请求，但务必谨慎使用：可能显得过于直接，可能会让人不高兴。
  A: Will you get my luggage?
B: No, I won't. （你帮我拿行李，好吗？）
（不，我不行。）
        • A: Will you get my luggage?
        • B: No, I won't.
  • 表达
    • 告别用语
      • 告别语 当某人出发旅行时，使用类似这样的表达送别：
  Have a great trip!  旅途愉快！ Drive safely!    小心驾驶！ Have a good flight.   坐飞机一路愉快！ Call me when you get there.  到了打电话给我。 Don't worry about anything. 什么都不要担心。 
当某人出发旅行时，你可以使用短语 Bon voyage!，该短语直接源于法语。
  A: OK, then. I'm going. 好吧。那我走了。 B: Bon voyage!  一路平安！
      • Have a great trip!
      • Drive safely!
      • Have a good flight.
      • Call me when you get there.
      • Don't worry about anything.
      • Bon voyage!
  • 语法
    • 动词 'try'、'remember' 和 'stop'
      • Try
        • 当动词 try 后接不定式 （to + 动词） 时，例如 to buy，表示试图做某事。 I can't go to the mall. Maybe I'll try to buy something online.  （我不能去商场。也许我会试着网上购物。） 当动词 try 后接动名词时 （动词 + -ing），例如 swimming，表示第一次做某事，或尝试做不同的事情。 I don't like biking. Maybe I'll try swimming on my vacation. （我不喜欢骑自行车。也许假期我会试着游游泳。）
        • +to do，试图做某事
          • I can't go to the mall. Maybe I'll try to buy something online.
        • +doing，第一次做某事，或尝试做不同的事情
          • I don't like biking. Maybe I'll try swimming on my vacation.
      • Remember
        • 'Remember' 当动词 remember 后接不定式时，例如 to call，表示记得去履行一项职责或任务。 I always remember to call my mother on Sunday. 我星期天总是记得打电话给我母亲。 当动词 remember 后接动名词时，例如 calling，表示记得过去做过某事。 I remember calling the neighbors. （我记得给邻居打电话了。）
        • +to do，记得去履行一项职责或任务
          • I always remember to call my mother on Sunday.
        • +doing，记得过去做过某事
          • I remember calling the neighbors.
      • Stop
        • 'Stop' 当动词 stop 后接不定式时，如 to eat，表示停止一个动作，开始另一个动作。在本例中，这个人在工作，但停下工作吃东西。 I stopped to eat when I got hungry.  当我饿的时候，我停下来去吃了点东西。 当动词 stop 后接动名词时，如 eating，表示一个中止的动作。 I stopped eating when I felt sick. （我感觉恶心，停止了吃东西。）
        • +to do，停止一个动作，开始另一个动作
          • I stopped to eat when I got hungry.
        • +doing，表示一个中止的动作
          • I stopped eating when I felt sick.
    • 练习
      • Did you remember to call your mother? I remember seeing you at the party last week. I'll try to eat more fruit and vegetables. I'm nervous, but I'm going to try sailing for the first time. I stopped at the office to do some work. I stopped working at six o'clock.
  • 听力
    • 省略形式
      • 元音常常缩短或是省略
        • 省略形式 
记住，在英语口语中，每个词的每个音并不是总要发出来。尤其是元音常常缩短或是省略。这些形式很少在书面英语中使用，但听到时能够辨识很重要。 
请听 going to、have to 和 want to 的省略形式。注意它们书写和发音的不同之处。
      • 'Going to'
        • 'Going to' We're going to fly to Hawaii. 我们打算坐飞机去夏威夷。 I'm going to call my mom.  我打算打电话给我妈妈。 It's going to rain.  要下雨了。 She's going to play computer games. 她打算玩电脑游戏。
        • We're going to fly to Hawaii.
        • I'm going to call my mom.
        • It's going to rain.
        • She's going to play computer games.
      • 'Have to'
        • 'Have to' I have to go. 我得走了。 We have to be quick. 我们不得不快点。 She has to leave. 她不得不离开。 He has to get up early. 他不得不早起
        • I have to go.
        • We have to be quick.
        • She has to leave.
        • He has to get up early.
      • 'Want to'
        • 'Want to' I want to go to bed. 我想上床睡觉。 Do you want to go to the movies? 你想去看电影吗? She wants to eat out. 她想出去吃饭。 He wants to go home. 他想回家。
        • I want to go to bed.
        • Do you want to go to the movies?
        • She wants to eat out.
        • He wants to go home.
• 1 获取目的地信息
  • 词汇
    • 地理位置
      • lake
      • river
      • desert
      • valley（山谷, 溪谷, 流域）
      • forest
      • ocean
      • beach
      • mountains
        • mountains 山, 山脉 /ˈmaʊntnz/ a very high hill, often with rocks near the top a mountain rescue team 山地救援队
      • coast
      • hills
        • hills 小山, 山丘 /hɪlz/ an area of land that is higher than the land around it, but not as high as a mountain I love walking in the hills (= in the area where there are hills). 我喜欢在山林间漫步。
  • 表达
    • 天气、季节和温度
      • 你可以描述天气和温度。
        • 你可以描述天气和温度。
  It's often windy. 常常刮风。 It's so cold and cloudy. 天很阴，又很冷。 It gets to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. That's, like, 46 degrees Celsius! 温度达到华氏 115 度，相当于 46 摄氏度
        • It's often windy.
        • It's so cold and cloudy.
        • It gets to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. That's, like, 46 degrees Celsius!
      • 表达感觉和观点的形容词
        • 你可以使用表达感觉和观点的形容词。
  Fall is perfect. 秋天很美。 Winter is terrible. 冬天很糟。 It's lovely in spring. 春天真美。
        • Fall is perfect.
        • Winter is terrible.
        • It's lovely in spring.
      • 比较时间、地点和环境。
        • 你可以比较时间、地点和环境。
  It gets cooler at night. 夜晚天气变得更凉爽。 It's nicer here than in the desert. 这里比沙漠更好。 It's hot in summer and cold in winter. 冬冷夏热。
        • It gets cooler at night.
        • It's nicer here than in the desert.
        • It's hot in summer and cold in winter.
  • 阅读
    • 阅读策略
      • 阅读前后的单词和句子得出生词的意思
        • 阅读策略 在阅读第二语言时，你可能会碰到不熟悉的单词和表达。要解决这一问题，一种策略是通过阅读前后的单词和句子得出生词的意思。你常常会在生词附近的上下文中找到它的同义词和反义词、定义和解释。

在下面的第一个句子中，你看到单词 waterfall。紧接着下一句你就会读到解释：water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake，你可以用这来猜测单词 waterfall 的意思。

Take a hike to Salto Grande waterfall. There, water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake.  
  
    • 练习
      • Patagonia trip
In the mountains, at the ocean January 27 to February 6 Travel to the far mountains and clean oceans of Chile and Argentina. Camp at the snowy Perito Moreno Glacier, a river of ice where it sometimes gets to 28 degrees Fahrenheit, or -2 degrees Celsius. Visit the warm, sunny wilderness at Torres del Paine Park. Find cool lakes, amazing rocky hills and many colorful birds flying through the gorgeous wilderness.
  • 表达
    • 谈论地方
      • 询问他们是否喜欢自己的家乡
        • 询问他们是否喜欢自己的家乡，是鼓励他人谈论其家乡的一种方法。 A: Where are you from? 你来自哪里？ B: I'm from Ottawa. 我来自渥太华。 A: Do you like it there? 你喜欢那里吗？ B: Oh, yeah. There are fantastic museums and festivals. 哦，是的。那里有许多很好的博物馆和节日。
        • A: Where are you from?
        • B: I'm from Ottawa.
        • A: Do you like it there?
        • B: Oh, yeah. There are fantastic museums and festivals.
      • 询问某件具体的事情，What's the + 名词 + like
        • 询问某件具体的事情，你可以使用表达 What's the + 名词 + like?。记住，这里的 like 不同于 Do you like ...? 中的用法。
  A: What's the weather like in your hometown? 你的家乡天气什么样子？ B: It's cold and snowy in winter. It gets to -30 degrees. But it's warm in summer and fall. 冬天寒冷，还会下雪。温度降到零下 30 度。但夏天和秋天很暖和。 A: What's the food like in Ottawa? 在渥太华都吃什么？ B: Well, we eat a lot of fish. And poutine is popular. It's special french fries with cheese. 嗯，我们常常吃鱼，奶酪蘸番茄酱薯条很受欢迎。这种薯条搭配奶酪，很特别。 A: What are the people like? 人都怎么样？ B: Many people are university graduates and can speak English and French. 许多人读过大学，会讲英语和法语。
        • A: What's the weather like in your hometown?
        • B: It's cold and snowy in winter. It gets to -30 degrees. But it's warm in summer and fall.
        • A: What's the food like in Ottawa?
        • B: Well, we eat a lot of fish. And poutine is popular. It's special french fries with cheese.
        • A: What are the people like?
        • B: Many people are university graduates and can speak English and French.