导图社区 EF英语 Level 4集合
个人学习EF英语,制作了思维导图笔记,内容详细。此笔记为 Level 4集合。主要包括娱乐、重大事件、欢迎、度假、描述他人等话题,图文并茂,干货满满,赶快收藏学起来吧!
编辑于2019-02-04 09:37:28Level 4
单元1 娱乐
1 休闲娱乐的选择
词汇
a game
a movie
a musical
a lecture
a dance
a concert
a play
语法
动名词和不定式
动名词和不定式 动名词和不定式用于谈论复杂的观点。动名词由 -ing 构成,不定式由 to 加动词构成。有些动词后面既可用动名词,也能用不定式。 动名词(动词 + -ing): Oscar enjoys cooking dinner for Frank. Oscar 喜欢为 Frank 做饭。 不定式(to + 动词): Frank plans to eat out. Frank 打算外出吃饭。
动名词(动词 + -ing)
不定式(to + 动词)
只能后接不定式:
有的动词后面只能接动名词,有的动词则只能接不定式。有的动词既可以接动名词,也可以接不定式。 这些动词只能后接不定式: plan 打算,计划 We're planning to go to the soccer game. 我们计划去看足球赛。 want 想要 We want to see the play in the park this week. 我们本周想去公园看戏。 need 需要 I need to get some money for the concert. 我需要为音乐会准备一点钱。
只能后接动名词
这些动词只能后接动名词: enjoy 享受,喜爱 I enjoy listening to music. 我喜欢听音乐。 keep 继续 Martin kept playing his guitar until midnight. 马丁一直不停地弹吉他,直至午夜。 think about 思考,考虑 We're thinking about going to a concert. 我们在考虑去听音乐会。
后接动名词或不定式
这些动词可后接动名词或不定式: like 喜欢 I like going to musicals. 我喜欢听音乐剧。 I like to go to musicals. 我喜欢听音乐剧。 love 非常喜欢,热爱 Joan loves eating in restaurants. Joan 喜欢在餐馆吃饭。 Joan loves to eat in restaurants. Joan 喜欢在餐馆吃饭。 begin 开始 It began to snow. 开始下雪了。 It began snowing. 开始下雪了。
表达
A
表达能力 使用单词 can 搭配动词描述能力。 John can drive. John 会开车。 Can 有两种否定形式:can't 和 cannot,它们意思相同。 I can't speak Spanish. 我不会讲西班牙语。 I cannot speak Spanish. 我不会讲西班牙语。 Can 在句中通常不重读,Can't 通常重读。聆听句中两个单词的发音。注意 Can 说得很快。 I can play tennis. 我会打网球。 I can't play tennis. 我不会打网球。
can
can't和cannot
Can 不重读,Can't 重读
B
短语 know how to 表示你具有做某事的知识或能力。添加 not 表示否定意义。 I know how to drive. 我知道怎么开车。 I don't know how to swim. 我不知道怎么游泳。 你也可以使用短语 good at 和 bad at 描述能力程度。这些短语常常与 really、very 和 pretty 等副词搭配使用。 Carol is really good at chess. Carol 非常擅长下棋。 James is pretty bad at computer games. James 玩电脑游戏很差劲。 你可以使用短语 terrible at 描述非常差的能力。 I'm terrible at driving. 我开车很差劲。 语言点:单词 pretty 有两层意思,它既表示某人外表迷人,做副词使用时,则修饰强调后接的形容词。
know how to
good at
bad at
terrible at
really、very 和 pretty
语言点:单词 pretty 有两层意思,它既表示某人外表迷人,做副词使用时,则修饰强调后接的形容词。
询问和谈谈选择
A
使用类似这样的问题向他人询问他们想做的事情和可以从事的活动: What do you want to do? 你想做什么? What are we going to do tonight? 我们今天晚上要做什么? What's going on? 有什么正在进行的活动? 使用短语 there is 和 there are 搭配 and 来列举演出活动。 There's a new movie at the theater and a lecture at the university. 电影院新上映了一部影片,大学有一场讲座。 There are some great movies and plays going on this week. 本周有不少好看的电影和戏剧。
询问可以从事的活动
What do you want to do?
What are we going to do tonight?
What's going on?
there be 搭配 and
使用短语 there is 和 there are 搭配 and 来列举演出活动。 There's a new movie at the theater and a lecture at the university. 电影院新上映了一部影片,大学有一场讲座。 There are some great movies and plays going on this week. 本周有不少好看的电影和戏剧。
B
使用 can 和 could 介绍可能的活动,搭配 or 来提出不同的选择。 We can go to the lecture or the movie. 我们可以去听讲座或看电影。 You could go swimming or you could go hiking. 你可以去游泳或者去远足。 使用 what else 搭配问题来询问更多选择。 What else is there to do? 还可以做什么? What else is going on? 还有什么活动?
can 和 could + or
what else
2 谈论即将发生的活动
词汇
stadium
nightclub
cafe
theater
bar
酒吧 /bɑːr/ a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks We met at a bar called the Flamingo. 我们在一家名为佛朗明哥的酒吧相遇
restaurant
auditorium
auditorium 礼堂 /ˌɔːdɪˈtɔːriəm/ a large building or room in which public meetings, concerts, etc. are held
auditorium
concert hall
concert hall 音乐厅 /ˈkɑːnsərt hɔːl/ a large place to see a music performance The orchestra performed at the concert hall in the center of town. a large concert hall
concert hall
aquarium
aquarium 水族馆 /əˈkweəriəm/ a building where people can go to see fish and other water creatures
aquarium
aquarium 水族馆 /əˈkweəriəm/ a building where people can go to see fish and other water creatures
语法
时间
时间和地点介词 三个时间和地点介词 in、on 和 at。 大的地区或长的时间,比如国家或年,使用 in。 Beijing is in China. 北京位于中国。 They came here in 2005. 他们 2005 年来到这里。 像街道等较小的地区以及星期和日期,则使用 on。 I live on Main Street. 我住在 Main Street 街。 The lecture is on Monday. 讲座在星期一。 My birthday is on April 17th. 我生日是 4 月 17 日。
in
大的地区或长的时间,比如国家或年,使用 in。 Beijing is in China. 北京位于中国。 They came here in 2005. 他们 2005 年来到这里。
年
in the morning、afternoon 和 evening
on
像街道等较小的地区以及星期和日期,则使用 on。 I live on Main Street. 我住在 Main Street 街。 The lecture is on Monday. 讲座在星期一。 My birthday is on April 17th. 我生日是 4 月 17 日。
星期和日期。
at
地址、公司和建筑,以及表示确切时间则使用 at。 His house is at 465 Pine Street. 他家在 Pine Street 街 465 号。 The concert is at 5 p.m. 音乐会下午 5 点开始。 The lecture is at the auditorium. 讲座在礼堂举行。
at night、midnight 和 noon。
地点
in
大的地区或长的时间,比如国家或年,使用 in。 Beijing is in China. 北京位于中国。 They came here in 2005. 他们 2005 年来到这里。
国家,(北京市海淀区)
on
像街道等较小的地区以及星期和日期,则使用 on。 I live on Main Street. 我住在 Main Street 街。 The lecture is on Monday. 讲座在星期一。 My birthday is on April 17th. 我生日是 4 月 17 日。
街道等,(知春路),较小的地区
at
地址、公司和建筑,以及表示确切时间则使用 at。 His house is at 465 Pine Street. 他家在 Pine Street 街 465 号。 The concert is at 5 p.m. 音乐会下午 5 点开始。 The lecture is at the auditorium. 讲座在礼堂举行。
地址、公司和建筑,(康拓科技、xx小区101号)
表达
请求帮助
请求帮助 用下列带有 Could you 的问句请求帮助。 Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我一个忙吗? Could you help me? 您能帮我吗? 你可以使用这些表达对他人的帮助请求表示同意。 Sure. 当然。 No problem. 没问题。 OK. 好的。 如果你帮不了忙,你可以说 I'm sorry, but 来表示道歉,然后说明原因。 I'm sorry, but I'm really busy right now. 对不起,可我现在真的很忙。 I'm really sorry, but I can't help you. 真对不起,可我帮不了你。
Could you
用下列带有 Could you 的问句请求帮助。 Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我一个忙吗? Could you help me? 您能帮我吗?
Could you do me a favor? 您能帮我一个忙吗?
Could you help me?
表达同意
你可以使用这些表达对他人的帮助请求表示同意。 Sure. 当然。 No problem. 没问题。 OK. 好的。
Sure.
No problem.
OK.
I'm sorry, but
如果你帮不了忙,你可以说 I'm sorry, but 来表示道歉,然后说明原因。 I'm sorry, but I'm really busy right now. 对不起,可我现在真的很忙。 I'm really sorry, but I can't help you. 真对不起,可我帮不了你。
阅读
阅读演出信息
阅读演出信息 阅读演出描述时,你可以试着快速浏览信息,寻找关键词。不要在不懂的单词上花费大量时间,关注你知道意思的单词。 下为关键词的一些分类: 演出名称: concert, picnic, lecture, play, musical 演出地点: auditorium, theater, aquarium, concert hall 时间和日期: on February 6, in the evening, at 5 o'clock 地点: at Martina's restaurant, in Central Park, on 5th Street
演出名称
演出地点
时间和日期
地点
相关单词
这里还有一些其他可能的关键词: admission 入场费 perform 表演 start 开始 ticket 票 available 可用的,可得到的
admission
perform
start
ticket
available
专有名词
我们使用专有名词来命名事物,比如人、公司或地点。专有名词首字母始终大写,这样易于辨认。不要被这些名词所迷惑。在这些名称中寻找你明白的单词。比如,在 Central Park 中,你可以看到你知道意思的单词 park。在下列专有名词中,各种地点的关键词以粗体表示,通过这些词帮你理解该短语。 The Monterey Bay Aquarium The Empire State Building Harry's Bar and Grill
首字母始终大写
理解关键词
看该段文字,体会使用关键词策略的优势。理解这段文字,你不必逐字逐句阅读,只用理解关键词。在下面这段文字中,关键词以粗体表示。 Concert in the Park On Saturday, June 23rd, the Springfield Orchestra is going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony. The concert starts at 3 p.m. in Springfield Park. Admission is $5 for adults and $1 for children. Tickets are available online at www.springfield.orchestra.com.
3 计划与朋友晚上外出
词汇
有关演出的形容词 许多可以用来描述演出的形容词都以 -ing 结尾,从动词变化而来。比如,形容词 relaxing 来自动词 relax。 interesting 有趣的 boring 无聊的 relaxing 轻松的 exciting 令人兴奋的 surprising 令人惊讶的 以下是其他一些描述演出的形容词。 fun 快乐的,有趣的 incredible 精彩的 loud 喧闹的 quiet 安静的 wonderful 出色的 terrible 糟糕的
-ing 结尾
interesting 有趣的
boring 无聊的
relaxing 轻松的
exciting 令人兴奋的
surprising 令人惊讶的
其他
fun 快乐的,有趣的
incredible 精彩的
loud 喧闹的
quiet 安静的
wonderful 出色的
terrible 糟糕的
识记反义词
interesting - boring
relaxing - exciting
loud - quiet
wonderful - terrible
语法
Why 和 because 使用疑问词 why 询问原因,使用单词 because 说明原因。 A: Why did you go to Paris? B: I went to Paris because it's beautiful! 你为什么去巴黎? 我去巴黎因为她太美了! 单词 because 引出原因从句,比如 because it's beautiful。原因从句与提出句子主题的主句共同使用,比如 I went to Paris。下面还有一些例子。 主句 原因从句 I go to that restaurant because it's cheap, and the food is delicious. I love surfing because it's exciting. I go to concerts because I enjoy classical music. 在英语口语中,常常只用带有 because 的分句回答问题。主句 (I went to Paris) 意思都明白。 A: Why did you go to Paris? B: Because it's beautiful! Why did you go to Paris? Because it's beautiful! 因为它美极了!
Why 和 because
使用疑问词 why 询问原因,使用单词 because 说明原因。 A: Why did you go to Paris? B: I went to Paris because it's beautiful! 你为什么去巴黎? 我去巴黎因为她太美了!
why 询问原因,使用单词 because 说明原因
单词 because 引出原因从句
单词 because 引出原因从句,比如 because it's beautiful。原因从句与提出句子主题的主句共同使用,比如 I went to Paris。下面还有一些例子。 主句 原因从句 I go to that restaurant because it's cheap, and the food is delicious. I love surfing because it's exciting. I go to concerts because I enjoy classical music.
口语中只用带有 because 分句
在英语口语中,常常只用带有 because 的分句回答问题。主句 (I went to Paris) 意思都明白。 A: Why did you go to Paris? B: Because it's beautiful! Why did you go to Paris? Because it's beautiful! 因为它美极了!
电影类型
romance
romance 富于想像力的故事; 浪漫故事 /rəʊˈmæns/ a story about a love affair She's a compulsive reader of romances. 她热衷于阅读爱情故事。
drama
drama 戏剧 /ˈdrɑːmə/ a serious story dealing with human relationships, conflicts and emotions historical drama would be a sub-genre of this 古装/历史剧
comedy
comedy 喜剧 /ˈkɒmədi/ a play or film/movie that is intended to be funny, usually with a happy ending a romantic comedy 爱情喜剧
classic
classic 经典作品 /ˈklæsɪk/ a book, film/movie or song which is well known and considered to be of very high quality, setting standards for other books, etc English classics such as 'Alice in Wonderland' 英国的经典名著,如《爱丽丝梦游仙境》
horror
horror 惊骇, 惊恐 /ˈhɔːrər/ a type of book, film/movie, etc. that is designed to frighten people In this section you'll find horror and science fiction. 你可以在这一部份找恐怖和科幻小说。
建议活动
建议活动 提出活动建议有几种方法。 Let's + 搭配动词原形 Let's go to the dance performance. 我们去看舞蹈演出吧。 How about 或 what about + 搭配动名词 What about meeting some friends? 去见一些朋友怎么样? Could + 搭配动词原形 We could go out for a drink at Harry's Bar. 我们可以去 Harry's Bar 酒吧喝点东西。 Why don't we + 搭配动词原形 Why don't we try a new restaurant? 我们为什不试试一家新餐馆呢?
Let's
How about 或 what about + 搭配动名词
Could + 搭配动词原形
Why don't we + 搭配动词原形
4 看电影
一般现在时表将来时
一般现在时表示的将来时 谈论将来时,你有时可以使用一般现在时。如果谈及的演出活动隶属某计划表、时间表或演出日程,这种情况最为常见。表示演出开始或结束的动词,比如 begin 和 close,常常以一般现在时来表示将来时。 表示演出开始的一般现在时 begin 开始 start 开始 open 开始 The dance performance begins at 8 o'clock tonight. 舞蹈演出今晚八点开始。 Harold's Department Store opens at 9 a.m. tomorrow. Harold's Department Store 明天早上九点开张。
演出活动隶属某计划表、时间表或演出日程
开始
谈论将来时,你有时可以使用一般现在时。如果谈及的演出活动隶属某计划表、时间表或演出日程,这种情况最为常见。表示演出开始或结束的动词,比如 begin 和 close,常常以一般现在时来表示将来时。 表示演出开始的一般现在时 begin 开始 start 开始 open 开始 The dance performance begins at 8 o'clock tonight. 舞蹈演出今晚八点开始。 Harold's Department Store opens at 9 a.m. tomorrow. Harold's Department Store 明天早上九点开张。
begin
open
start
结束
一般现在时表示的将来时 谈论将来时,你有时可以使用一般现在时。如果谈及的演出活动隶属某计划表、时间表或演出日程,这种情况最为常见。表示演出开始或结束的动词,比如 begin 和 close,常常以一般现在时来表示将来时。 表示演出开始的一般现在时 begin 开始 start 开始 open 开始 The dance performance begins at 8 o'clock tonight. 舞蹈演出今晚八点开始。 Harold's Department Store opens at 9 a.m. tomorrow. Harold's Department Store 明天早上九点开张。 表示演出结束的一般现在时 close 结束 end 结束 be over 结束,完了 finish 结束 The movie is over at 9:15 p.m. 电影晚上九点一刻结束。 She closes her shop at 6 o'clock. 她六点钟关店。 语言点:记住在 he、she 和 it 后面,动词一般现在时后加 s。例如: The movie ends at midnight. 电影午夜结束。
close
end
be over
finish
询问有关电影的信息
询问有关电影的信息 想去看电影时,你需要了解有关电影的一些基本信息。你需要知道电影开始的时间、上映地点和电影票价。同时还要了解在哪里买票。使用下列问题来获取这一信息。 Can you give me some information? 你能告诉我一些信息吗? Do you have a website? 你们有网站吗? Can I buy tickets online? 我可以网上购票吗? What's your address? 地址在哪里? What time is the next show? 下一场演出在什么时候? Are tickets still available? 还有票吗? How much are tickets? 票多少钱一张?
Can you give me some information? 你能告诉我一些信息吗?
Do you have a website? 你们有网站吗?
Can I buy tickets online? 我可以网上购票吗?
What's your address? 地址在哪里?
What time is the next show? 下一场演出在什么时候?
Are tickets still available? 还有票吗?
How much are tickets? 票多少钱一张?
表达愤怒
重复
重复 表达恼怒的另一种方法是重复短语表示强调。 OK, OK. I'm coming. I'm coming. 好好,我来了,我来了
OK, OK. I'm coming. I'm coming.
表达怀疑
通过表示你不相信某人做了某事,也能传达你的恼怒。 I don't believe it! 我不相信! I can't believe it! 我不敢相信!
I don't believe it! 我不相信!
I can't believe it! 我不敢相信!
夸张
夸张 你也可以通过夸大某人犯错的频率来表达愤怒。使用 always 和 never 来表示夸大。重读这些词来强调频率。 Jake always forgets. Jake 老是忘记。 Mary never helps me.
Jake always forgets. Jake 老是忘记。
Mary never helps me.
表达强烈愤怒
表达强烈的恼怒 你可以使用 stupid 或 crazy 等形容词表达程度更强的恼怒。如果你用这些词形容一个人,表示你不是恼怒,而是生气了。谨慎使用这些词,因为它们可能伤害人的感情。 This is stupid! 这很傻。 Are you crazy? 你疯了吗?
This is stupid! 这很傻。
Are you crazy? 你疯了吗?
单元 2 描述他人
1 描述某个认识的人
词汇
人的外貌描述
人的外型描述
人的外型描述 在描述人的身体时,我们通常会谈到身高和体重。需要注意的是,说人 fat 或者 overweight 往往被视为不礼貌的。不过在对人进行描述时,overweight 一词不礼貌的程度稍轻。 tall 高 medium height 中等高度 short 矮 overweight 超重 fat 肥胖 thin 瘦 描述身高和体重时,使用动词 be。 She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。
tall 高
medium height 中等高度
short 矮
overweight 超重
fat 肥胖
thin 瘦
描述身高和体重时,使用动词 be。
身高和体重时, be
She is tall and thin. 她又高又瘦。
描述容貌时, have
在描述人的面孔时,我们通常会谈及眼睛的颜色和任何其他显著的容貌。描述容貌时,我们通常使用动词 have。 She has blue eyes. 她长着一双蓝眼睛。 He has big ears. 他长着一对大耳朵。 He has a nice smile. 他拥有迷人的笑容。
She has blue eyes. 她长着一双蓝眼睛。
He has big ears. 他长着一对大耳朵。
He has a nice smile. 他拥有迷人的笑容
描述头发
当描述一个人的头发时,我们通常谈论长度,发型以及颜色。一个人秃顶我们就描述成 bald. 这里有一些有用的形容词: long 长发 medium length 中长发 short 短发 curly 卷发 straight 直发 blond 金发 bald 秃顶 在描述人的头发时,我们通常使用动词 have。但是,如果某人是 bald,我们就会使用动词 be。 She has long, straight, brown hair. 她拥有一头棕色的长长的直发。 My father is bald. 我父亲是秃顶。
long 长发
medium length 中长发
short 短发
curly 卷发
straight 直发
blond 金发
bald 秃顶
使用动词 be
年龄
另一种描述人的方法是谈论年龄。 old 老年 middle-aged 中年 young 年轻 文化点:对有些人来说,年龄是一个非常敏感的话题。在熟悉他们之前,避免和他们谈论年龄。
old 老年
middle-aged 中年
young 年轻
文化点:对有些人来说,年龄是一个非常敏感的话题。在熟悉他们之前,避免和他们谈论年龄。
语法
形容词顺序
形容词的排序 当您使用一个以上的形容词进行描述时,一般的规则是把它们按大小,年龄,然后颜色的顺序排列。 That is a fat, old, black dog. 那是一只肥肥的老黑狗。 请注意这些例子中的大小-年龄-颜色的顺序: He has big, brown eyes. 他长着一双大大的棕色眼睛。 Her hair is shorter and grayer than before. 她的头发比以前更短了,也变得更灰白了。 He's a thin, middle-aged man. 他是个瘦瘦的中年男子。 That tall, young, blond man drives a truck. 那个高个儿的,金发碧眼的年轻男子开一辆卡车。
大小-年龄-颜色
He has big, brown eyes.
Her hair is shorter and grayer than before.
He's a thin, middle-aged man.
That tall, young, blond man drives a truck.
表达
描述人物
询问一个人的身材,形体,年龄或者整体的外貌
What does (person) look like?是用来询问一个人的身材,形体,年龄或者整体的外貌。 使用动词 be 来描述整体的外貌。 A: What does he look like? 他长什么样? B: He is tall and middle-aged. He's very good-looking. 他高个子,中年人,样子很好看。
A: What does he look like? 他长什么样?
B: He is tall and middle-aged. He's very good-looking. 他高个子,中年人,样子很好看。
询问一个人的身体特定部位
您也可以使用像What color are his eyes? 或 How tall is she? 这样的疑问句去询问一个人的身体特定部位的描述。 使用动词have 来指身体的部位。 A: What color are his eyes? 他的眼睛是什么颜色的? B: They're brown. 它们是棕色的。 A: How tall is she? 她有多高? B: She's very tall. 她很高。 A: What do the children look like? 这些小孩看起来像什么? B: They have curly, red hair. Jasmine has big, brown eyes, and Jason has blue eyes. 他们的头发又红又卷,杰斯敏的眼睛大大的,是棕色的,而贾森的眼睛是蓝色的。
What color are his eyes?
How tall is she?
动词have
形容词描述外貌
这里有很多形容词来给您描述一个人的外貌。请注意动词 be与它们搭配时的用法。 He's not very good-looking. 他长得不是很好看。 She's beautiful! 她天生丽质! He's very attractive. 他很迷人。 He's handsome. 他相貌英俊。 语言点 Good-looking 与 attractive 具有相同的含义。 Good-looking 与 attractive 可用于描述男性和女性。通常 Beautiful 用于描述女性,handsome则一般用于描述男性。
He's not very good-looking. 他长得不是很好看。
She's beautiful! 她天生丽质!
He's very attractive. 他很迷人。
He's handsome. 他相貌英俊。
2 描述关系
词汇
关系词汇
关系词汇 您应该已经知道家庭成员的基本词汇了。这里还有一些您将需要到的: wife 妻子 husband 丈夫 granddaughter 孙女 grandson 孙子 aunt 阿姨 uncle 叔叔 niece 侄女 nephew 侄子 cousin 堂表兄弟姐妹
wife
husband
granddaughter
grandson
aunt
uncle
niece
nephew
cousin
friend区分喜爱的人
使用 friend 以区分哪些是您熟悉并喜爱的人。使用 girlfriend 来确定与一位女性的恋爱关系,使用 boyfriend 确定与一位男性的恋爱关系。 Is he your friend? 他是您的朋友? I'm meeting my girlfriend tonight. 我今晚要去见我的女朋友。 He's my boyfriend. 他是我的男朋友。
girlfriend
boyfriend
partner
artner 这个词可以指各种关系。您可以使用它来确定与一个人的配偶关系。它可以也指商业伙伴或其他业务关系。 This is my partner, Paul. 这是我的配偶, Paul。 James and I are business partners. James和我是商业伙伴。
配偶关系
商业伙伴或其他业务关系
工作关系
您也可以用这些词来确定工作关系: boss 上司 colleague 同事
boss
colleague
语法
描述关系 正在发生的事情
描述关系 使用类似以下的表达来描述一段关系中正在发生的事情。注意,所有表达都后接动名词 (verb + -ing)。 表达式可以是肯定的: We spend time watching movies. 我们看电影打发时间。 I always have fun talking with him. 和他谈天我总是感到很开心。 表达式可以是否定的: We have a hard time getting together. 我们好不容易在一起。 She has trouble making money. 赚钱对她来说是件困难的事。 They often waste time fighting. (他们常常浪费时间吵架。)
肯定
We spend time watching movies.
I always have fun talking with him.
否定
We have a hard time getting together.
She has trouble making money.
They often waste time fighting.
表达
谈论关系
谈论关系 请使用类似以下的问题来询问别人一段关系。注意答复中表达式 +动名词的结构。 A: How are you and your brother doing? B: We're doing well, thanks. We spend time talking on the phone. 你和你哥哥(弟弟)关系还好吗? 我们关系很好,谢谢。我们会花时间打电话聊天。 A: What do you and Sylvia do for fun? B: Let's see … We have a lot of fun playing tennis together. 你和 Sylvia 都玩什么? 让我想想……我们一起打网球,玩得很开心。 您可以使用you two 表达密切的关系 - 例如,丈夫与妻子之间或母亲与孩子之前。 A: Are you two having trouble? B: Yeah, we are. I am having trouble understanding her problems. A: I'm sorry to hear that. 你们两人碰到什么难题了吗? 是的,我们碰到了难题。我难以理解她的问题。 听到这我很难过。
表达式 +动名词
A: How are you and your brother doing?
B: We're doing well, thanks. We spend time talking on the phone.
A: What do you and Sylvia do for fun?
B: Let's see … We have a lot of fun playing tennis together.
you two
您可以使用you two 表达密切的关系 - 例如,丈夫与妻子之间或母亲与孩子之前。 A: Are you two having trouble? B: Yeah, we are. I am having trouble understanding her problems. A: I'm sorry to hear that. 你们两人碰到什么难题了吗? 是的,我们碰到了难题。我难以理解她的问题。 听到这我很难过。
A: Are you two having trouble?
B: Yeah, we are. I am having trouble understanding her problems.
A: I'm sorry to hear that.
3 评估员工
词汇
描述员工
积极品质
评价员工的词汇 使用这些形容词和短语来形容员工积极工作的品质。 hardworking 勤劳的 efficient 有效率的 creative 富有创造性的 helpful 有用的 positive 积极的 does a good job 做得不错 works well with the team / team player 与团队/ 队员合作愉快 getting better 逐渐在改善 good in meetings 善于开会
hardworking
efficient
creative
helpful
positive
does a good job
works well with the team / team player
getting better
good in meetings
消极品质
使用这些形容词和短语来描述员工消极的工作品质。 could do better 可以做得更好 late 迟到 negative 消极的 disorganized 混乱的 lazy 懒惰 一种更积极的方式来应对员工的弱点即是给出建设性的批评,而不是简单地给出消极的评论。 She's so disorganized. > She needs to be more organized. 她很混乱。 > 她应该要更有条理些。 He's too negative. > He should be more positive. 他太消极了。 > 他应该积极些。
could do better
late
negative
disorganized
lazy
建设性的批评
一种更积极的方式来应对员工的弱点即是给出建设性的批评,而不是简单地给出消极的评论。 She's so disorganized. > She needs to be more organized. 她很混乱。 > 她应该要更有条理些。 He's too negative. > He should be more positive. 他太消极了。 > 他应该积极些。
She's so disorganized. > She needs to be more organized.
He's too negative. > He should be more positive.
语法
'Too' 和 'enough'
too + 形容词 ,超过必要
请用 too + 形容词来描述某样东西超过必要,或超过所需时。 Her project is late because she's too disorganized. 她的项目已经晚了,因为她太没有条理了。 She's too negative. She thinks too much about problems. 她太消极了。 她想问题考虑得太多了。
Her project is late because she's too disorganized.
She's too negative. She thinks too much about problems.
形容词 + enough,足够的
请用形容词 + enough 来描述当某件东西足够的,或让人满意的时候。 Carson is hardworking and efficient enough to be the new manager. Carson够勤劳且够有效率,够格成为新经理。
not + 形容词 + enough ,不尽人意
请用not + 形容词 + enough 来描述某件东西缺乏或不尽人意时。 Sally's not efficient enough. Sally的效率还不够高。 He's not creative enough to work in marketing. 他没有足够的创造力做市场营销工作。
Sally's not efficient enough.
He's not creative enough to work in marketing.
表达
用'I think that' 来提建议
发表意见的时候用 'I think that' 使用 I think that 来表示您在发表一个意见。 使用 so do I 来表示同意一个 I think that 和 I like 这样的短语所表达的意见. A: I think that he does a really good job. B: So do I. 我觉得他干的不错。 我也觉得。 A: I like them both. B: So do I. 我喜欢他俩。 我也觉得。
'I think that'发表意见
so do I
否定提议
使用neither do I 来赞成 I don't think that 这样句式所表达的意见, 或其他否定意见。 A: I don't think she's lazy. B: Neither do I. 我并不觉得她懒。 我也不觉得。 请注意 that 可以省掉且句子的含义没有受到影响。
I don't think that
Neither do I.
征求意见
要征求别人的意见,您可以使用what do you think about 以及 do you think。 A: What do you think about Denise? B: She's very efficient. 您觉得Denise怎么样? 她很有效率。 A: Do you think Paul is too disorganized? B: No, not really. 您觉不觉得Paul这个人太混乱了? 不,不是的。
what do you think about
do you think
neither的不同发音
语言注释:neither有两种发音方法。在下面的例子中,第一个在美国比较普遍的;第二种多见于英国。但它们可以互换使用。 A: I don't think he's disorganized. B: Neither do I. 我并不觉得他这个人没有调理。 我也不觉得。 A: I don't think she's very efficient. B: Neither do I.
nize 美
naize 英
4 给出推荐
词汇
在工作中所用的副词
在工作中所用的副词 副词解释how, when or where。它们可以修饰一个动词,形容词或另一个副词。许多副词以-ly 结尾的是最容易识别的和形成的。但是,许多副词是不以-ly 结尾的,识别它们的最好的方式是将它们连接到它们所修饰的动词,形容词或副词。 使用状态副词加动词来表示完成某件事情的方式。 Martina works quickly. Martina工作效率高。 She works well with the team. 她与团队合作得很愉快。 I highly recommend Martina. 我强烈推荐Martina。 I'm going to miss her terribly. 我将会非常想念她。 使用时间副词加动词来表示时间。 Her husband is already in New York. 她的丈夫已经在纽约了。 She's leaving that soon? 她这么快就走了?
副词解释how, when or where
修饰一个动词,形容词或另一个副词
ly结尾
状态副词加动词
Martina works quickly.
She works well with the team.
I highly recommend Martina.
I'm going to miss her terribly.
表示时间
Her husband is already in New York.
She's leaving that soon?
频率副词
使用频率副词加动词来表示一个动作的频率。 She was always organized. 她一向都很有条理的。
She was always organized.
可能性副词
使用可能性副词加动词来表示一个行动的可能性。 She can probably learn that in one or two days. 她可能会在一或两天内知道。
She can probably learn that in one or two days
only 加动词
您可以使用 only 加动词来把注意力集中到信息上。 The project only took her one day. 她可以仅用一天时间完成此项目。
The project only took her one day.
副词用法
副词来修饰形容词
您可以使用副词来修饰形容词。 The brochure was really beautiful. 这本小册子真的很漂亮。 She's so creative. 她真有创意。
The brochure was really beautiful.
She's so creative.
修饰其他副词
有些副词修饰其他副词. 请注意 pretty 和 so 是如何给这些句子添加额外的细节的。 She can learn that pretty quickly. 她能领悟得相当快。 He writes so well. 他写得真好。
She can learn that pretty quickly.
He writes so well.
honestly 强调某个要点
Honestly, what are we going to do?
语法
'So' 和 'such'
so + 形容词 或 so + 副词
请用so + 形容词 或 so + 副词来强调个人品质。 Kyle is so disorganized. Kyle 非常没有条理。 She works so quickly. 她做事很快。
Kyle is so disorganized.
She works so quickly.
such + 名词
Kyle is so disorganized. Kyle 非常没有条理。 She works so quickly. 她做事很快。 请用such + 名词来强调个人品质. Debra is such a team player. Debra 是非常具有团队精神的人。 She shows such creativity. 她表现出极大的创造力。 Oscar is such a hard worker. Oscar 是工作非常努力的人。
Debra is such a team player.
She shows such creativity.
Oscar is such a hard worker.
表达
推荐
推荐 作为工作面试流程的一部分,公司可能会电话联系推荐人并索要推荐。 We're interviewing Joe Wilson for a job at our company. 我们正在为我们公司的一个职位面试乔威尔逊。 Joe gave us your name as a reference. 乔把您的名字给我们做为他的推荐人。 在这些例子中,注意问题是如何用具体信息回答的。 A. Did you work together? 你们一起工作过吗? B. Yes. We worked together for two years at Sunset Computers. 是的。我们在Sunset Computers 公司一起工作过两年。 A. Do you recommend him? 您推荐他吗? B. Yes. I highly recommend him. He's very intelligent. 是的。我强烈推荐他。他非常聪明。 A. What else can you tell me about him? 关于他还有些别的什么您能告诉我的吗? B. Well, he was very organized. He worked well on a team. 嗯,他很有条理。他和团队工作和谐。
公司索要推荐
We're interviewing Joe Wilson for a job at our company.
Joe gave us your name as a reference.
问答
A. Did you work together? B. Yes. We worked together for two years at Sunset Computers.
A. Do you recommend him? B. Yes. I highly recommend him. He's very intelligent.
A. What else can you tell me about him? B. Well, he was very organized. He worked well on a team.
单元3 过去
1 询问别人一周的状况
词汇
日常活动
I called my friend.
I called my friend. 我给朋友打了电话。 /aɪ kɔːld maɪ frend/ The speaker or writer telephoned their friend.
I ate breakfast.
I ate breakfast. 我吃了早饭。 /aɪ et ˈbrekfəst/ The speaker or writer consumed a morning meal.
I left the house.
I left the house. 我离开了家。 /aɪ left ðə haʊs/ The speaker or writer left their house or someone else's house.
I got up
I got up. 我起床了。 /aɪ ɡɑːt ʌp/ The speaker or writer awoke and left their bed.
I washed my clothes.
I washed my clothes. 我洗了我的衣服。 /aɪ wɑːʃt maɪ kloʊðz/ The speaker or writer cleaned their clothing with soap and water.
I cleaned my apartment.
I cleaned my apartment. 我打扫了我的公寓。 /aɪ kliːnd maɪ əˈpɑːrtmənt/ The speaker or writer tidied their living space.
I watched TV.
I watched TV. 我看了电视。 /aɪ wɑːtʃt ˌtiː ˈviː/ The speaker or writer observed programs on television.
I went for a run.
I went for a run. 我跑了步。 /aɪ went fər ə rʌn/ The speaker or writer exercised by running.
I did the dishes.
I did the dishes. 我洗了碗。 /aɪ dɪd ðə dɪʃəz/ The speaker or writer cleaned their dishes with soap and water
I ironed my clothes.
I ironed my clothes. 我熨了我的衣服。 /aɪ ˈaɪərnd maɪ kloʊðz/ The speaker or writer pressed creases out of their clothing with a hot appliance.
语法
动词过去时
尾添加 -ed
许多动词过去时只用在动词词尾添加 -ed 即可。 walk - walked clean - cleaned
walk - walked
clean - cleaned
不规则动词
不规则动词 但是,一些最常用的动词都是不规则的,也就是说它们的过去形式不以 -ed 结尾。它们有多种不同的形成方式。 have - had make - made eat - ate drink - drank let - let
have - had
make - made
eat - ate
drink - drank
let - let
be 动词
be 动词 be 动词有两种过去时形式:was 和 were。代词 he、she、it 和 I 使用 was,you、we 和 they 使用 were。 He was tired yesterday. 他昨天很累。 They were happy in Paris. 他们以前在巴黎过得很开心。
he、she、it 和 I 使用 was
you、we 和 they 使用 were
否定式
使用 did + not 来组成动词过去时否定式。主要动词保持原形。 They did not like London. 他们以前不喜欢伦敦。 We did not meet John yesterday. 我们昨天没有碰到 John。 在英语口语中,短语 did + not 通常缩写为 didn't。 They didn't like London. 他们以前不喜欢伦敦。 We didn't meet John yesterday. 我们昨天没有碰到 John。
did + not
They did not like London.
We did not meet John yesterday.
didn't
They didn't like London.
We didn't meet John yesterday.
be否定缩写
be 动词的过去时否定式为 was not 和 were not,对应的缩写形式分别为 wasn't 和 weren't。 Frank was not happy in Los Angeles. > Frank wasn't happy in Los Angeles. Frank 以前在洛杉矶过得不开心。 Oscar and Pam were not at home yesterday. > Oscar and Pam weren't at home yesterday. Oscar 和 Pam 昨天不在家。
was not - wasn't
were not - weren't
过去时疑问句
句首使用单词 did 不得在动词词尾后加 s
在句首使用单词 did 来形成过去时疑问句。did 后使用主要动词的原形。不得在动词词尾后加 s。 Did he go to Shanghai? 他去上海了吗? Did they eat dinner? 他们吃了吗?
Did he go to Shanghai?
Did they eat dinner?
was 或 were 置于问句之首
要使用 be 动词组成过去时疑问句,请将 was 或 were 置于问句之首。 陈述句: He was happy. 他以前很开心。 疑问句: Was he happy? 他以前很开心吗?
陈述句: He was happy.
疑问句: Was he happy?
表达
过去时间的表达
使用下列表达来谈论过去的事情。 'Yesterday' I visited Carol yesterday. 我昨天拜访了 Carol。 'The day before yesterday' Jack and Nancy got back from Mexico the day before yesterday. Jack 和 Nancy 前天从墨西哥回来了。 数字 + 时间单词 + ago We went to that new restaurant two days ago. 我们两天前去了那家新餐馆。 last + 时间单词 I worked at a supermarket last year. 我去年在一家超市上班。
'Yesterday'
I visited Carol yesterday.
'The day before yesterday'
Jack and Nancy got back from Mexico the day before yesterday.
数字 + 时间单词 + ago
We went to that new restaurant two days ago.
last + 时间单词
I worked at a supermarket last year.
询问过去的事件/活动
开放式问题,答案不止一个
开放式问题是指答案不止一个的问题。比如,How was Paris? 有多种可能的回答。 How was Paris? 巴黎怎么样? It was great! 太棒了! It was terrible. 很差。 We loved it. 我们很喜欢。 We hated it. 我们很讨厌。
How was Paris?
It was great!
It was terrible.
We loved it.
We hated it.
开放式问题更利于推动对话
开放式问题一般更利于推动对话。它们让和你对话的人可以自由回答,回答方法也有多种。开放式问题主要分为两种:描述性问题和意见性问题。
描述性问题
描述性问题 What was it like? (它什么样子?) What was the wedding like? 婚礼是什么样子? What did he look like? 他长什么样?
What was it like?
What was the wedding like?
What did he look like?
意见性问题
意见性问题 How did you like Beijing? 你有多喜欢北京? How was your vacation? 你的假期怎么样? How was Russia? (俄罗斯怎么样?
How did you like Beijing?
How was your vacation?
How was Russia?
封闭式问题,yes或no
封闭式问题则只有肯定和否定两种回答:yes 或 no。 Did you go to Paris? 你去过巴黎吗? Yes, I did. 是的,我去过。 No, I didn't. 没,我没去过。
Did you go to Paris?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn't.
谨慎使用单词 like
语言点:谨慎使用单词 like,该词有两种不同的意思。 描述: What was it like? (它是什么样子?) 观点: How did you like it? (你有多喜欢它?)
描述: What was it like?
观点: How did you like it?
2 谈论你的周末
语法
不规则动词过去时态
许多动词的过去时形式都是不规则的,也就是说它们的过去时形式不能通过简单在词尾添加 -ed 形成。 有些不规则动词的过去时和现在时截然不同,必须加以熟记。 go - went 去 eat - ate 吃 bring - brought 带来 leave - left 离开 sell - sold 卖
go - went
eat - ate
bring - brought
leave - left
sell - sold
改变了一个字母
其他不规则动词的过去时形式只是改变了一个字母,因此更容易识记。 make - made 做 rise - rose 上升 get - got 得到
make - made
rise - rose
get - got
形式相同
一些动词的一般现在时和过去时的形式相同。 cut - cut 切割 let - let 让 shut - shut 关闭
cut - cut
let - let
shut - shut
拼法相同,但读音不同
动词 read 的一般现在时和过去时拼法相同,但读音不同。请听这两句中 read 的读音。 I often read novels. 我经常看小说。 I read a good novel last week. 上周我看一本精彩的小说。
read
词汇
过去的活动
I ate some spaghetti.
I ate some spaghetti. 我吃了点意大利式细面条。 /aɪ eɪt səm spəˈɡeti/ The speaker or writer consumed a type of noodle dish.
She brought a gift.
She brought a gift. 她带了一件礼物。 /ʃi brɔːt ə ɡɪft/ A female arrived with something to give someone.
He cooked dinner.
He cooked dinner. 他做了晚饭。 /hi kʊkd ˈdɪnər/ A male person prepared an evening meal using a stove or oven.
We made lunch
We made lunch. 我们做了午饭。 /wi meɪd lʌntʃ/ Two or more people, including the speaker or writer, prepared a midday meal.
我们做了午饭。
We played a game.
We played a game. 我们玩了一局游戏。 /wi pleɪd ə ɡeɪm/ Two or more people, including the speaker or writer, took part in a competitive activity or sport with rules.
我们玩了一局游戏。
They watched TV.
They watched TV. 他们看了电视。 /ðeɪ wɑːtʃt ˌtiː ˈviː/ Two or more people observed television programs.
他们看了电视。
We drove to Las Vegas
We drove to Las Vegas. 我们开车去了拉斯维加斯。 /wi droʊv tə lɑːs veɪgɑːs/ Two or more people, including the speaker or writer, got to Las Vegas by car, with one of them operating it
我们开车去了拉斯维加斯。
They did yoga.
They did yoga. 他们练了瑜伽。 /ðeɪ dɪd ˈjoʊɡə/ Two or more people took part in a particular system of exercises that focus on breathing and relaxing
他们练了瑜伽。
I went jogging.
I went jogging. 我跑步了。 /aɪ went ˈdʒɑːɡɪŋ/ The speaker or writer exercised by running slowly.
我跑步了。
口语
开启对话
一般性问题
如果没有想要谈论的话题,问候完后你可以使用一个常见的一般性问题。 How are you doing? 你还好吗? How are you today? 你今天怎么样? What's up? 你好吗? What's happening? 在忙什么呢? What's going on? 发生什么事了? How was your weekend? 你周末过得怎么样?
How are you doing?
How are you today?
What's up?
What's happening?
What's going on?
How was your weekend?
特定问题
你可以向你认识的人询问他们的生活。 How was Peru? 秘鲁怎么样? How is your mom feeling? 你妈妈感觉怎么样?
How was Peru?
How is your mom feeling?
陈述句
陈述句 在有些场合,你会有一个你想讨论的话题。你可以提出陈述,然后听众会对你的陈述发表意见。 A: Hey, there was a great movie on last night. B: Really? What was it? 嗨,昨天晚上的电影很好看。 真的吗?什么电影? A: That was a great game last night! B: Yeah, it was really exciting! 昨天晚上的比赛非常精彩! 是啊,真的令人兴奋!
A: Hey, there was a great movie on last night. B: Really? What was it?
A: That was a great game last night! B: Yeah, it was really exciting!
表达
改变话题
改变话题 对话从一个话题转到另一个话题,有一些表达可以帮助人们暗示他们要改变话题。
'By the way' 来引入新话题,它也表示你刚想起了某事。
'By the way' 使用表达 by the way 来引入新话题,它也表示你刚想起了某事。 A: By the way, I saw Joe last night. He looked good. B: Really? I'm so glad! 对了,我昨天晚上见到 Joe 了。他气色看起来不错。 真的吗?我非常高兴!
A: By the way, I saw Joe last night. He looked good.
B: Really? I'm so glad!
'That reminds me' 当你想起了想说的其他事情
'That reminds me' 当你想起了想说的其他事情,使用 that reminds me 来转变话题。 A: There was a great baseball game on TV last night. B: Oh, that reminds me. I have two tickets to tonight's game. Do you want to go? A: Yeah! 昨天晚上电视上有一场精彩的棒球比赛。 哦,我想起来了。我有两张今天晚上比赛的票。你想去吗? 是啊!
A: There was a great baseball game on TV last night.
B: Oh, that reminds me. I have two tickets to tonight's game. Do you want to go?
A: Yeah!
'Anyway' 结束或总结话题
'Anyway' 使用单词 anyway 来结束或总结话题,这样一来你可以开始一个新话题。当你听厌了某人谈论某事,非常想改变话题时,就可以使用这个词。 A: That restaurant wasn't very good. B: No, it wasn't! The meat tasted bad, and the salad wasn't fresh. And the waiter was awful! His clothes were dirty! A: Anyway, we're not going there again. So, how's Jane? 那家餐馆不是很好。 是啊,不怎么好!肉有味道,沙拉也不新鲜。而且服务员也很差劲!他的衣服很脏! 总之,我们不打算再去了。对了,Jane 还好吧?
3 讲故事
新闻词汇
与罪行相关的名词
新闻消息涵盖罪行、政治和商业等各种各样的话题。我们再次只关注 crime。以下是一些和 crime相关的有用名词。 与罪行相关的名词 crime 犯罪案件 police 警察 thief 小偷 theft 盗窃 thief 是指犯偷窃罪的人,theft 则是偷窃这一事件。thief 一词的复数形式是不规则的: thieves。
crime
police
thief
theft
与罪行相关的动词
与罪行相关的动词 以下是一些和 crime 相关的有用动词。 break into 闯入,破门而入 murder 谋杀 kill 杀死 arrest 逮捕 steal 偷盗 steal 是不规则动词,过去式形式是 stole。
break into
murder
kill
arrest
steal
练习
Jenny, I'm visiting a friend in New Orleans. It's a beautiful city. I love the buildings and the people. I'm having a good time, but a thief broke into my friend's apartment and stole $130! That's a lot of money. We called the police, and they are looking for the thief. I'm going home to Springdale tomorrow, and that's OK with me. I'm really upset about the theft. Sarah
不定代词
somewhere
使用 somewhere 谈论不确定的地点。 John lives somewhere in Tokyo. I don't know his address. John 住在东京的某个地方,我不知道地址。
someone、somebody
使用 someone 谈论不确定或不知道的人。 单词 somebody 与 someone 意义相同。 Someone stole a painting from the museum. 有人从博物馆偷了一幅画。
something
使用 something 谈论不确定的事物。 The thief stole something from the woman's bag. 小偷从那位女士的包里偷了什么东西。
练习
LORNA: Jim. JIM: Yes, dear? LORNA: Did you listen to the news today? JIM: No, I was busy. LORNA: Well, someone broke into an Italian restaurant last night. JIM: What? LORNA: There was a theft at an Italian restaurant somewhere in Houston. And they stole something strange. JIM: Strange? LORNA: Yes! They stole pasta. JIM: What? LORNA: They stole a lot of pasta. JIM: You mean, like, spaghetti? LORNA: Yes. JIM: Why did they do that? LORNA: I don't know. Maybe they were hungry.
表达
故事排序
另一件事情一天之后发生, the next day。
如果你描述的事情在另一件事情一天之后发生,使用短语 the next day。 They stole 15 computers on Friday night. The next day, the police came. 他们周五晚上偷了 15 台电脑,第二天来了警察。
一件事情在某事多久之后发生,使用数字 + 时间单词 + later
要表示一件事情在某事多久之后发生,使用数字 + 时间单词 + later。 There was a theft on Friday night. Three days later, we hired a security guard. 周五晚上发生了盗窃。三天后,我们聘请了一名保安。
过去时间的表达
向他人讲述某件发生的事情,你也可以使用本课中之前学到的时间表达。 The theft was three days ago. 盗窃发生在三天前。 They broke in last Friday. 他们上周五闯了进去。 They stole money the day before yesterday. 他们前天偷了钱。
The theft was three days ago.
They broke in last Friday.
They stole money the day before yesterday.
阅读
预览新闻文章
标题
标题 标题以一种特有的简短英语形式撰写,因此起初可能会难以理解。例如,标题 U.K., U.S. Talk Trade 表示英美两国协商贸易问题。由于标题涵盖文章大意,尤其应该引起你的注意。
照片和插图
照片和插图 照片和插图置于文中,可以让文章更容易理解,增加阅读趣味。慢慢仔细观看照片和图片。如果图片配有文字说明,阅读这些说明,获取更多有关图片和故事的信息。
导语
新闻文章的第一段称为导语,通常包含该新闻最重要的细节。导语常常引出人物、时间、时间和地点,有时也会介绍方式和原因。由于导语信息充分,因此你应该密切关注。
新闻来源
新闻来源 在文章上方,你可能看到至少下列一项:署名行(记者姓名)、日期栏(记者发稿的城市)和通讯社的名称。有时通讯社的名称见于括号中 (Global News),有时缩写为 (GN)。
练习
Theft on Princes Street Edinburgh, Scotland (Global News) – Thieves broke into the MacCleod Gallery on Saturday night and stole "The Cherry Blossom," an 18th-century Japanese painting. A gallery employee discovered the theft on Sunday morning. Malcolm MacCleod, the owner of the gallery, valued the painting at $100,000.
4 听故事
词汇
远足词汇
bear
bear 熊 /ber/ a heavy wild animal with thick fur and sharp claws (= pointed parts on the ends of its feet). There are many types of bear a black bear 黑熊
熊
wolf
wolf 狼 /wʊlf/ a large wild animal of the dog family, which lives and hunts in groups a pack of wolves 一群狼
狼
backpack
backpack 背包 /ˈbækpæk/ a large bag, often supported on a light metal frame, carried on the back and used especially by people who go climbing or walking
背包
campfire
campfire 篝火 /ˈkæmpfaɪə(r)/ an outdoor fire made by people who are sleeping outside or living in a tent
篝火
snake
snake 蛇 /sneɪk/ a reptile with a very long thin body and no legs. There are many types of snake, some of which are poisonous a snake coiled up in the grass 一条盘绕在草地上的蛇
蛇
boots
boots 靴子 /buːts/ a strong shoe that covers the foot and ankle and often the lower part of the leg cowboy boots 牛仔靴
靴子
tent
tent 帐篷 /tent/ a shelter made of a large sheet of canvas, nylon, etc. that is supported by poles and ropes fixed to the ground, and is used especially for camping to put up/take down a tent 搭建/拆除帐篷
帐篷
deer
deer 鹿 /dɪə(r)/ an animal with long legs, that eats grass, leaves, etc. and can run fast. Most male deer have antlers (= horns shaped like branches). There are many types of deer a herd of deer 鹿群
鹿
trail
trail 崎岖小路 /treɪl/ a path through the countryside a trail through the forest 森林路径
崎岖小路
cabin
cabin 小木屋 /ˈkæbɪn/ a small house or shelter, usually made of wood a log cabin 圆木小屋
小木屋
语法
提问过去时态的问题
辅助动词 did
含有疑问词的过去时疑问句 过去时疑问句如果不使用 be 动词,而且句首为疑问词,需要使用辅助动词 did。另外请注意主要动词保持原形。 A: What did you do on the weekend? B: I played badminton. 你周末做了什么? 我打羽毛球了。 A: Where did you go for your vacation? B: I went to Peru. 你去哪度假了? 我去秘鲁了。
某物的所有者 whose
询问某物的所有者,使用疑问词 whose。 A: Whose backpack did you borrow? B: I borrowed my brother's. 你借了谁的背包? 我借了我哥哥(弟弟)的背包。
某物的种类 what kind of
询问某物的种类,使用疑问短语 what kind of。 A: What kind of tent did you buy? B: I bought a Shelty. It's the best brand. 你买了哪种帐篷? 我买了一个 Shelty,这个牌子最好。 A: What kind of animals did you see? B: We saw deer, wolves and a snake. 你看到了哪些种类的动物? 我们看到了鹿、狼和蛇。
how +形容词
你可以使用疑问词 how 与许多不同的形容词搭配,用以询问详细信息。 How far did you walk? 你们走了多远? How difficult was the hike? 徒步旅行有多困难?
be,不加did
be 动词疑问句不需要辅助动词 did。 A: How was your weekend? B: It was great, thanks. 周末过得怎么样? 非常愉快,谢谢。 A: How long was your trip? B: We hiked for two weeks. 这次旅行你们去了多久? 我们徒步旅行了两周。
练习
KYLE: Hey, Jane! How was your backpacking trip? JANE: It was fantastic. KYLE: Where did you go? JANE: Uh, we went to Virginia and hiked part of the Appalachian Trail. KYLE: Wow! The Appalachian Trail! How far did you hike? JANE: In five days, we hiked about 25 kilometers. KYLE: Wow! That's pretty far. How cold did it get? JANE: Well, you know it's October, so it was really cold at night. KYLE: What kind of tent did you take? JANE: No tent. There are little cabins on the trail. We all slept in them. KYLE: Really? What kind of animals did you see ? Any bears? JANE: No bears. Just a lot of deer. KYLE: That's good.
表达
积极聆听
询问故事接下来的事情
积极聆听 听故事不应该完全被动接受。与通常的对话相同,你应避免沉默,激发讲故事的人,不懂得时候要提问。做一个积极的聆听者。 常常可以通过询问故事接下来的事情来激发讲故事的人。使用下列表达询问之后发生的事情: And then what happened? 然后发生了什么事? What happened next? 接着发生了什么事? What did you do then? 然后你做了什么? Go on. 继续讲。
And then what happened?
What happened next?
What did you do then?
Go on.
升调将陈述句变疑问句
请记住,升调可以将陈述句变为疑问句。使用类似下面的问题确定你理解了或表达惊奇。 Bears? 熊吗? A problem with a bear? 碰到熊了吗? And we're going to the same place? 我们打算去同一个地方吗? 最好的故事会故事讲述人和听故事的人应该互动,从而营造一场难忘的活动。
Bears?
A problem with a bear?
And we're going to the same place?
单元4 重大事件
1 谈论你的人生
词汇
一生中的大事
一生中的大事 请用这些词来谈谈一生中的大事 动词 名词 be born 出生 birth 出生 graduate 毕业 graduation 毕业 marry 结婚 marriage 婚姻 get promoted 升职 promotion 升职 retire 退休 retirement 退休 die 去世 death 死亡 Graduate 也可用作名词,意思是刚刚大学毕业的毕业生。 其中三个单词具有形容词形式。 形容词 married 已婚 retired 退休的 dead 过世了
动词
be born
graduate
marry
get promoted
retire
die
名称
birth
graduation
marriage
promotion
retirement
death
形容词
married
retired
dead
练习
You may get promoted to manager soon. My parents are celebrating 25 years of marriage . He's going to graduate from Yale University next year. The retired couple are selling their house. I'm very sorry about the death of your grandmother. My grandfather was born in 1934.
语法
一生中的大事的动词的过去式
*-ed
请用这些规则的 *-ed** 动词的过去式来谈谈一生中的大事。 graduate - graduated graduate - graduated (毕业) retire - retired retire - retired (退休) die - died die - died (逝世)
graduate - graduated
retire - retired
die - died
不规则的动词过去式
这里有些您可以使用的不规则的动词过去式 be born - was/were born be born - was/were born (出生) say my first word - said my first word say my first word - said my first word(说出我的第一句话) grow up - grew up grow up - grew up (长大) become an adult - became an adult become an adult - became an adult (成为成年人) get a job - got a job get a job - got a job (找到一份工作)
be born - was/were born
say my first word - said my first word
grow up - grew up
become an adult - became an adult
get a job - got a job
过去时态的否定句
请用was/were + not + 动词过去分词, or did + not + 动词原形造一个过去时态的否定句。 I wasn't born in a hospital. 我不是在医院出生的。 I didn't get promoted. 我并没有得升职。
I wasn't born in a hospital.
I didn't get promoted.
过去时态的问句
使用was/were +主语+动词的过去分词,或did +主语+基本动词,来构成过去时态的问句。 A: Where were you born? B: I was born in Seoul. 您是在哪出生的? 我出生于首尔。 A: Where did you grow up? B: I grew up in Belgium. 您在哪儿长大? 我在比利时长大。
A: Where were you born?
B: I was born in Seoul.
A: Where did you grow up?
B: I grew up in Belgium.
练习
She (say) said her first word at 7 months old. Emile (graduate) graduated from a really good university. I was married in 1983. That's when I (become) became an adult My husband (retire) retired from a career in design. Poor girl. Her grandfather (die) died yesterday. My parents (grow up) grew up in Denmark.
听力
聆听细节
聆听细节 在听人谈论其生活时,把注意力集中在日期和地点等细节上。通过聆听这些关键细节,即便你没有听清每一个词,也能理解说话人所说的内容。 例如,在下一句中,你只需要三个单词 born、Chicago 和 1968,就能明白说话人所说的内容。 Harry was born in Chicago in 1968. 在本句中,你只需要两个单词:graduate 和 June。 I'm going to graduate in June. 训练自己听取关键的细节。即便你不明白每个词,也能让你跟上读书基本的对话
注意日期和地点等细节
练习
JAMES: So, Hailey, let's start with some basic information. Where were you born? HAILEY: I was born in Amman, Jordan. JAMES: And when were you born? HAILEY: I was born on April 22nd. The first day of spring. JAMES: That's lucky. And, uh, where did you grow up? HAILEY: I grew up with my family in Al Karak, Jordan. Near the Dead Sea. JAMES: Beautiful. And now a question about your high school, or university. Where did you graduate from ? HAILEY: I graduated from the University of Chicago in 2009. JAMES: Uh-huh? Now let's talk about your work experience. Where are you working? HAILEY: I'm working at Carter and Lindsey, in Chicago, as the creative director. JAMES: And when did you start working there? HAILEY: I got my job there in May 2011.
2 谈论重大人生事件
词汇
一生的大事中所用到的'Get'
一生的大事中所用到的'Get' 请用get 与这些词语谈谈关系的里程碑。 get married 结婚 get pregnant 怀孕 get divorced 离婚 get over a relationship 走出一段感情 请用 get 与这些词谈谈生活及事业的里程碑。 get a degree 获得学位 get a job 得到一份工作 get promoted 升职 get fired 被解雇 get a driver's license 考取驾照 get old 变老
get married
get pregnant
get divorced
get over a relationship
get 与生活及事业的里程碑
get a degree
get a job
get promoted
get fired
get a driver's license
get old
语法
when' 引导的从句
when' 引导的从句 由 'when' 引导的从句为句子补充有关时间的信息。 When I was young, we didn't sit around all day texting. 在我年轻的时候,我们不会整天坐着发短信。 Do you remember when we bought that house on Oak Street? 你记得 Oak Street 街上的那所房子我们什么时候买的吗? She spent a lot of time in her car when she first got her driver's license. 她刚拿到驾照时很多时间都呆在车里。 如果由 'when' 引导的从句起句,则用逗号 (,) 与句子其余部分分隔。如 'when' 引导的从句位于结尾,则无需使用逗号。
When I was young, we didn't sit around all day texting.
Do you remember when we bought that house on Oak Street?
She spent a lot of time in her car when she first got her driver's license.
听力
练习
I got my driver's license when I was 16. I was 18 years old when I got my first job. When I was 21 , I graduated from university. When I was 23, I left New York. When I was married for two years, I got pregnant.
3 介绍某人生活的详情
词汇
更多人生事件
更多人生事件 人一生中总会发生各种大事。想想自己人生中发生的大事。这些事情发生了吗?什么时间发生的?如果没有,你认为什么时候会发生? I first traveled abroad when I was 15. (15 岁时,我第一次出国旅行。) I got my first car when I was 17. (17 岁时,我买了第一辆车。) I moved out of my parents' house when I was 18. (18 岁时,我搬出了父母的房子。) I moved away from home when I was 18. (18 岁时,我离开了家乡。) I got my first apartment with my best friend. (我和我的好朋友找到了我的第一间公寓。) I met the love of my life when I was 22. (22 岁时,我遇到了一生中的挚爱。) We fell in love and got married. (我们相恋,然后结婚。) We had our first child when I was 25. (在我 25 岁时,我们有了第一个孩子。) We had our first grandchild when I was 46. (在我 46 岁时,我们有了第一个孙儿。)
I first traveled abroad when I was 15.
I got my first car when I was 17.
I moved out of my parents' house when I was 18.
I moved away from home when I was 18.
I got my first apartment with my best friend.
I met the love of my life when I was 22.
We fell in love and got married.
We had our first child when I was 25.
We had our first grandchild when I was 46.
练习
I first traveled abroad when I was 16. I went to Paris with my family. It was fantastic. The next year, I got my first car. It was red! I moved outof my parents' house when I was 18, to go to university. I got my first apartment with a friend near the university. My second year of university, Imet the love of my life . We fell in love and got married one year later. We had our first child after we graduated from university. I was only 22! We didn't have a lot of money, but we were happy.
语法
after' 引导的从句
after' 引导的从句 与 'when' 引导的从句一样,由 'after' 引导的从句也为句子补充有关时间的信息。 After I moved out of my parents' house, I got my first apartment. (在搬出父母的房子后,我找到了自己的第一间公寓。) I got my first apartment after I moved out of my parents' house. (在搬出父母的房子后,我找到了自己的第一间公寓。) 与 'when' 引导的从句一样,如果句子以 'after' 引导的从句起句,则用逗号 (,) 与句子其余部分分隔。如 'after' 引导的从句位于结尾,则无需使用逗号。
After I moved out of my parents' house, I got my first apartment.
I got my first apartment after I moved out of my parents' house.
阅读
练习
I was born in 1975. I got my first car when I was 16 years old. After I graduated from high school, I moved out of my parents' house. After I got an apartment, I got a good job. I met a girl at work, and we fell in love. After I got a promotion, we got married. When our first child was born, I really became an adult.
4 面试工作
词汇
面试
谈论工作面试的有用单词
与采访相关的词汇 以下是一些谈论工作面试的有用单词。 Can you send me your resume? 你可以把你的简历发给我吗? There are many candidates for this job. 申请该职位的求职者有很多。 I'm very interested in the position. 我对这一职位很感兴趣。 I have an appointment to talk to the manager. 我和那位经理约好了谈一谈。 I have an interview on Thursday. 我星期四有一个面试。 This is a really good opportunity for me. 对我来说,这是一个很好的机会。
Can you send me your resume?
There are many candidates for this job.
I'm very interested in the position.
I have an appointment to talk to the manager.
I have an interview on Thursday.
This is a really good opportunity for me.
你可能会被问及的事情
在面试中,你可能会被问及以下事情。 Do you have any teaching experience? 你有过教学经验吗? Could you talk about your education? 你可以谈谈你的教育背景吗? What are your strengths? 你有什么优点? What is your greatest weakness? 你最大的缺点是什么? Tell me about your work background. 跟我说说你的工作经历
Do you have any teaching experience?
Could you talk about your education?
What are your strengths?
What is your greatest weakness?
Tell me about your work background.
采访结尾
在一次采访结尾处,你可能听到以下内容。 Could you come back for a second interview? 你可以再来参加第二次面试吗? I'd like to introduce you to the other people on the team. 我要把你介绍给团队中的其他人认识。 How is February 1st as a start date? 从二月一日开始怎么样?
Could you come back for a second interview?
I'd like to introduce you to the other people on the team.
How is February 1st as a start date?
练习
练习1
I can see from yourresume that you have a good education. You have lots of good experience for the position. I think you are a strong candidate for the job. This position is a great opportunity for the right person. I'd like to know more about your strengths and weaknesses . I want you to speak with some other people on the team .
练习2
Thank you very much for this opportunity to speak with you. I think I am a very strong candidate for this position . As you can see on myresume , I have a lot of work experience , and my university education was excellent. I want to talk to you about both my strengths and weaknesses. I know I can do great work on your team .
表达
面试表达
当你到达面试地点时,先表明你来的原因。然后,感谢面试人的接见。
当你到达面试地点时,先表明你来的原因。然后,感谢面试人的接见。 I have a 3 o'clock job interview with Ken Smith. 我三点钟和 Ken Smith 有一个工作面试。 Thank you for seeing me, Mr. Smith. 谢谢您见我,Smith 先生。 Thank you for the opportunity to meet with you. 谢谢您给我见您的机会。
I have a 3 o'clock job interview with Ken Smith.
Thank you for seeing me, Mr. Smith.
Thank you for the opportunity to meet with you.
面试人将就你的简历提出一些后续问题。
面试人将就你的简历提出一些后续问题。 Interviewer: I see that you got your MBA from The Wharton School. 我看到你获得了沃顿商学院的 MBA 学位。 Candidate: Yes, it was a wonderful program. 是的,这是一个非常好的项目。 Interviewer: I see that you're currently working at DBX Systems. Why are you thinking of leaving? (我看到,你目前在 DBX Systems 公司就职。为什么想离开?) Candidate: Well, to be honest, the work isn't very challenging. (哦,坦白来讲,这份工作并不难。)
Interviewer: I see that you got your MBA from The Wharton School.
Candidate: Yes, it was a wonderful program.
Interviewer: I see that you're currently working at DBX Systems. Why are you thinking of leaving?
Candidate: Well, to be honest, the work isn't very challenging.
谈论你的缺点时,一个策略是从正面角度入手
谈论你的缺点时,一个策略是从正面角度入手,比如工作太拼命,让缺点不成为缺点。 Interviewer: What do you think are some of your strengths and weaknesses? (你认为你有什么优点和缺点?) Candidate: Well, I am a very hard worker, but sometimes I work too much. (嗯,我工作非常勤奋,但有时候工作太拼命。
Interviewer: What do you think are some of your strengths and weaknesses?
Candidate: Well, I am a very hard worker, but sometimes I work too much.
如果面试人认为你是潜在的人选,他或她可能会讲述之后的步骤,甚至询问你的入职时间。
如果面试人认为你是潜在的人选,他或她可能会讲述之后的步骤,甚至询问你的入职时间。 Interviewer: I'd like you to talk with some other members of the team. Also, are you OK with the start date? (我想让你和团队的其他成员谈谈。还有,入职时间你觉得可以吗?) Candidate: That sounds great and, yes, the start date works for me. Thank you again for meeting with me. (听起来不错,可以,入职时间我觉得没问题。再次感谢您与我见面。)
Interviewer: I'd like you to talk with some other members of the team. Also, are you OK with the start date?
Candidate: That sounds great and, yes, the start date works for me. Thank you again for meeting with me
练习
INTERVIEWER: Good afternoon. I'm Carol Higgins, director of Human Resources. Please have a seat . CANDIDATE: Thank you. And thank you very much for speaking with me today. INTERVIEWER: My pleasure. Your resume is impressive . I think you are a strong candidate for the position of IT manager. I just have one question about your resume. Who was your supervisor at Data Systems? CANDIDATE: Oh, that was Trisha Chambers. She left the company last month. INTERVIEWER: Why is that, and why do you want to leave? CANDIDATE: Well, I don't think the work is challenging . Business isn't good, and people are worried. INTERVIEWER: I see. And you like a good challenge? CANDIDATE: I do. The more challenging, the better. INTERVIEWER: Good. How about weaknesses ? Where do you think you need to improve? CANDIDATE: Well, sometimes I try to do too much. I need to work on one thing at a time.
听力
省略形式
英语为母语的讲话人与人交谈时,并不总是把每个词的每个音都发出来。尤其元音常常会缩短或省略。这些省略形式在标准英语中并不会出现。但是,当你听到它们时,重要的是能够进行辨认。 请听省略形式。注意它们书写和发音的不同之处。 What do you think? Where did you work? When do you study? Why did you leave? How do you like it?
英语为母语的讲话人与人交谈时,并不总是把每个词的每个音都发出来。尤其元音常常会缩短或省略。这些省略形式在标准英语中并不会出现。但是,当你听到它们时,重要的是能够进行辨认。
单元5 欢迎
1 邀请某人到你家
语法
just 表示最近的过去
使用 just 表示最近的过去 使用 just + 动词谈论刚刚或最近完成的行动。 Zach and I just bought a house. (我和 Zach 刚买了房子。) Carla just got promoted. (Carla 刚刚升职。)
Zach and I just bought a house.
Carla just got promoted.
表达
开启和改变对话话题
单元3-2 表达
Guess what?,引出或改变话题
你可以使用 Guess what? 来引出或改变话题。 A: Hey, Daniel. How's it going? B: Good. Guess what? A: What? B: I just got a promotion. 你好,Daniel。最近好吗? 还好。猜猜怎么着? 怎么了? 我刚刚升职了
that reminds me 或 by the way,转到与当前话题相关的话题
记住,你可以使用 that reminds me 或 by the way 转到与当前话题相关的话题。 A: I just had my 33rd birthday! B: Well, happy birthday! Hey, that reminds me. Do you want to come to my son's birthday party? 我刚过了 33 岁生日。 哦,生日快乐!嗨,这想起来了。你想参加我儿子的生日派对吗? A: Wow! This pizza tastes amazing. B: It sure does. By the way, I'm having pizzas and movies at my house on Saturday. 哇!这个披萨味道真好。 的确不错。对了,星期六我打算在家吃披萨看电影。
anyway,对话拉回原来的话题
使用 anyway 把跑偏的对话拉回原来的话题。 A: We just got a new swimming pool. B: Really? Man, how did you pay for that? A: My credit card! Anyway, we're having a pool party on Sunday. 我们刚修了一座游泳池。 是吗?老兄,你哪来钱的? 信用卡啊!对了,我们星期天会办一个泳池派对。 谨慎使用这些表达:如果唐突改变话题,可能会让人感到冒犯。
练习
EMILIO: Hey, Brenda! Guess what? BRENDA: What ? EMILIO: I just got my first apartment. BRENDA: Fantastic! Oh, that reminds me. There's an amazing furniture sale at Lacy's. You could get some things for your new apartment. EMILIO: Yeah, good idea. Anyway , I'm having a party to celebrate my new place. Can you come?
语法
可能性副词
副词通常直接位于其修饰的动词之前,如果是 be 动词,则位于其后。maybe 是例外,常常位于句首
可能性
表示百分之百的可能性,使用 definitely 或 absolutely。
表示百分之百的可能性,使用 definitely 或 absolutely。 I definitely saw Sheila at the party. (我肯定在派对上看到了 Sheila。) Lucille absolutely can't come. (Lucille 绝对不能来。)
I definitely saw Sheila at the party.
Lucille absolutely can't come.
表示较大的可能性,probably。
They are probably late. (他们很可能迟到了。) Dylan probably brought drinks. (Dylan 很可能带了酒水。) They probably can't buy snacks. (他们很可能不能买零食。)
They are probably late.
Dylan probably brought drinks.
They probably can't buy snacks.
表示较小的可能性,使用 maybe。 注意该词用于句首。
表示较小的可能性,使用 maybe。注意该词用于句首。 Maybe we can have a surprise party. (我们也许可以办一个惊喜派对。) A: Is Rhonda coming? B: Maybe not. She's still working. Rhonda 来吗? (可能不来,她还在工作。
Maybe we can have a surprise party.
A: Is Rhonda coming?
B: Maybe not. She's still working.
表示非常小的可能性, unlikely。
表示非常小的可能性,你可以使用 unlikely。 A: Is Grandma coming to the celebration? B: It's unlikely. She's not feeling well. 祖母 外婆 来参加庆祝活动吗? (不大可能。她身体不舒服。
A: Is Grandma coming to the celebration?
B: It's unlikely. She's not feeling well.
回答中使用可能性副词
你可以在一个单词的回答中使用可能性副词。 A: Are you inviting Dylan? B: Definitely. 你请 Dylan 吗? (当然!) A: Can I see you tonight? B: Maybe. 我今晚能见你吗? (可能吧。)
A: Are you inviting Dylan?
B: Definitely.
A: Can I see you tonight?
B: Maybe.
练习
DANA: OK, let's see … Who's invited to the party? JONATHAN: Natasha. She is definitely coming. DANA: Great! How about Michael? JONATHAN: Probably not . DANA: Too bad! Anyway, Laurie probably can come. JONATHAN: Cool. DANA: And Kylie said ' absolutely .' JONATHAN: Nice! Maybe she can bring her tasty, dark chocolate cake. DANA: Maybe … or maybe not . It's unlikely . She's pretty busy.
表达
提出及回应邀请
提出邀请
提出及回应邀请 使用类似这些表达提出邀请。提出邀请前,先具体说明邀请的场合是有好处的。 We're having some people over next weekend. Kelsey and I are hoping that you and Cody can come. 我们下周末打算邀请一些人到家里来。Kesley 跟我都希望你和 Cody 能来。 I'm having a birthday party for Tyler in two weeks. I'd like you to come. 两周后我要为 Tyler 办生日派对。我希望你能来。 Are you free Friday night? Would you like to come to a housewarming? 你周五晚上有空吗?你想来参加暖屋派对吗? We should get together for dinner this week. What does your schedule look like? 我们本周应该聚在一起吃顿饭。你的日程怎么样
We're having some people over next weekend. Kelsey and I are hoping that you and Cody can come.
I'm having a birthday party for Tyler in two weeks. I'd like you to come.
Are you free Friday night? Would you like to come to a housewarming?
We should get together for dinner this week. What does your schedule look like?
接受或讨论邀请
接受或讨论邀请,使用类似的表达: Great! I'm definitely coming. 太棒了!我一定来! We can probably come. Let me talk to Dave about it. 我们很有可能来。让我跟 Dave 说说。 Thanks – I'd be delighted. 谢谢 – 荣幸之至。
Great! I'm definitely coming.
We can probably come. Let me talk to Dave about it.
Thanks – I'd be delighted.
谢绝邀请
谢绝邀请,使用类似这样的表达: Sorry – Chelsea probably can't come. She has a cold. 抱歉 - Chelsa 很可能来不了。她感冒了。 Oh, that weekend's no good. Sorry! 哦,这个周末不行。对不起
Sorry – Chelsea probably can't come. She has a cold.
Oh, that weekend's no good. Sorry!
练习
Brandon's birthday From: gill93@just.com To: lauraahernandez@fun.net Hi, Laura. I'm having a birthday party for Brandon on the 23rd, around 5 p.m. I'm hoping that you and Charles can come. Are you guys free? Gillian From: lauraahernandez@fun.net To: gill93@just.com Subject: RE: Brandon's birthday Hey, Gillian. Sounds lovely. Maybe we can come. I'm not sure. Billy has baseball practice on the 23rd. Let me talk with Charles. Talk with you soon. L
2 欢迎某人到你家
表达
欢迎客人
欢迎客人
使用类似这样的表达欢迎客人: Welcome! 欢迎光临! Hi! It's so good to see you. 嗨!很高兴见到你。 I've missed you!
Welcome!
Hi! It's so good to see you.
I've missed you!
邀请客人进到你家里
使用类似这样的表达邀请客人进到你家里: Come in! 请进! Make yourself at home. 不要客气。 Please make yourselves comfortable. 请不要拘束
Come in!
Make yourself at home.
Please make yourselves comfortable.
让客人感到自在
使用类似的表达让客人感到自在: Can I take your coat? 我帮你拿外套吧? You can put your things over here. 你可以把你的东西放在这里。 Can I get you something to drink? 想喝点什么吗?
Can I take your coat?
You can put your things over here.
Can I get you something to drink?
礼貌地对话
客人落座后,你可以提出类似这样的问题,礼貌地对话: How was your trip? 旅途怎么样? How was traffic? 交通状况如何?
How was your trip?
How was traffic?
语法
形容词搭配不定式
用形容词 + to + 动词,解释情感和状态
形容词搭配不定式 你可以使用形容词 + to + 动词解释情感和状态。 I'm happy to hear that you like Korean food. (我很高兴听到你喜欢韩国菜。) I was surprised to get the promotion. (我很惊讶获得升职。) So good to see you! (很高兴见到你!) Amy's ready to eat dinner. (Amy 准备好吃饭了。)
I'm happy to hear that you like Korean food.
I was surprised to get the promotion.
So good to see you!
Amy's ready to eat dinner.
表达
礼貌地提议和请求
would you like,礼貌向客人提供某物
提供东西和提出礼貌的请求 使用 would you like 礼貌向客人提供某物。 Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗? Would you like to have a seat? (你想坐下吗?)
Would you like something to drink?
Would you like to have a seat?
could 或 may, 向主人提出礼貌的请求
使用 could 或 may 向主人提出礼貌的请求 May I use the restroom? 我可以用一下厕所吗? Could I have some water? 我能喝点水吗?
May I use the restroom?
Could I have some water?
语言点(上厕所)
语言点:在美式英语中,restroom 是家中厕所非常礼貌的称法,Bathroom 相对礼貌,toilet 不礼貌。在英式英语中,toilet 是家中厕所非常礼貌的称法, Loo 是可以接受的用法,但只限于非正式场合和熟悉的人
美语:
restroom,非常礼貌
Bathroom,相对礼貌
toilet 不礼貌
英语:
toilet,非常礼貌
Loo 是可以接受的用法,但只限于非正式场合和熟悉的人。
练习
MRS. KUMAR: Welcome . Nice to see you. MR. BRADLEY: Very nice to see you, too, Mrs. Kumar. MRS. KUMAR: Please come in . MR. BRADLEY: You have a beautiful home. MRS. KUMAR: Thank you. Would you like to have a seat? MR. BRADLEY: Yes, thanks. MRS. KUMAR: And would you like something to drink ? MR. BRADLEY: Please. Could I have some water? MRS. KUMAR: Of course.
表达
听到好消息和坏消息的反应
好消息
听到好消息时,使用类似这样的表达作出反应。 Congratulations! 恭喜! Really? I'm so happy for you! 真的吗?我为你感到非常高兴! That's great news! 这消息太棒了!
Congratulations!
Really? I'm so happy for you!
That's great news!
to your 和 cheers 来祝酒
喝酒时,你可以说 to your 和 cheers 来祝酒。 To your new job! Cheers! (为你的新工作!干杯!) To your new baby. Cheers! (为你的新生宝宝干杯!)
To your new job! Cheers!
To your new baby. Cheers!
坏消息
听到坏消息时,使用类似的表达作出反应: A: Sorry – the sofa is not very comfortable. B: That's OK. 对不起 - 沙发不是很舒服。 没关系。 A: I just got fired. B: That's terrible! I'm so sorry to hear that. 我刚被解雇了。 太糟糕了!听到这个我感到很抱歉
A: Sorry – the sofa is not very comfortable.
B: That's OK.
A: I just got fired.
B: That's terrible! I'm so sorry to hear that.
It's crazy,均可
听到好消息和坏消息时,你都可以使用 it's crazy。 I was surprised to get this great promotion. It's crazy. (这次得到升职,我感到很吃惊。不可思议。) It felt terrible to get fired. It's totally crazy. (遭到解雇感觉糟透了。这简直不可思议。
I was surprised to get this great promotion. It's crazy.
It felt terrible to get fired. It's totally crazy.
3 夜晚结束告别时
词汇
形容词同义词
形容词同义词 使用同义词或具有相同意义的单词,可以让你的英文更富于乐趣和变化。学习同义词也是识记新词的一种好办法。 以下是一些有用的形容词同义词: great - wonderful - delightful 好的 / 极好的 / 令人高兴的 fun - enjoyable 令人愉快的 / 令人愉快的 happy - glad - pleased 高兴的 / 乐意的 / 喜欢的 beautiful - lovely - gorgeous 美丽的 / 可爱的 / 迷人的 delicious - tasty - yummy 美味的 / 可口的 /好吃的
使用同义词或具有相同意义的单词,可以让你的英文更富于乐趣和变化。
great - wonderful - delightful
fun - enjoyable
happy - glad - pleased
beautiful - lovely - gorgeous
delicious - tasty - yummy
练习
The pasta was really glad tasty pleased . The games were fun tasty glad . I'm happy delightful great you came to our home. Your home is glad gorgeous pleased . Thank you for a delightful tasty glad evening. The party was really pleased enjoyable delicious .
口语
美式英语和英式英语
音节重读差异
下为美式英语和英式英语中音节重读差异的一个例子。 American: caFE 咖啡馆 British: CAfe
American: caFE
British: CAfe
词汇差异
词汇 下为一些词汇差异的例子。 American: gas (汽油) British: petrol American: restroom (厕所) British: toilet American: cellphone (手机) British: mobile
American: gas
British: petrol
American: restroom
British: toilet
American: cellphone
British: mobile
表达
表达 虽然这些短语中的第一个在美式和英式英语中都可以使用,但 spot on 多在英式英语中使用。它们的意思相同。 American / British: That's exactly right! (确实如此!) British: Spot on!
American / British: That's exactly right!
British: Spot on!(多用于英式)
语法
语法 你在英美两国都能听到这些疑问句结构。但是,do you have 多用于美国,have you got 则多用于英国。 American: Do you have a pen? 你有笔吗? British: Have you got a pen?
American: Do you have a pen?
British: Have you got a pen?
表达
离开某人的家
离开时的表达
当你离开某人家时,使用类似这样的表达: The party was wonderful. 派对很精彩。 We had a great time. 我们过得很愉快。 It was so nice to see you again. 很高兴又见到你。
The party was wonderful.
We had a great time.
It was so nice to see you again.
检查确认你没有遗忘东西
你的主人也许会检查确认你没有遗忘东西。 A: Do you have everything? B: I think so. 你东西都拿了吗? 我想是的。 A: Have you got everything? B: Yes, I have, thanks. 你东西都拿了吗? 是的,我都拿了,谢谢。
A: Do you have everything?
B: I think so.
A: Have you got everything?
B: Yes, I have, thanks.
邀请主人将来到你家拜访
你可以邀请主人将来到你家拜访。这里的第一个例子更接近美式英语,第二个例子更接近英式英语。 Next time, it's our turn to host. 下次我们来办。 You must come to us next time. 你下次一定要来我们家。 人们在听到这些句子后通常会表示感谢。
Next time, it's our turn to host.(美)
You must come to us next time.(英)
4 撰写感谢信
语法
Hope to' 和 'hope that'
Hope to' 和 'hope that' 使用Hope to 和 hope that 谈论你希望发生的事情。注意,Hope to 后接动词原形, hope that 后接从句。 I hope to see you again soon. 我希望不久后能再见到你。 I hope that I see you again soon. 我希望我不久后能再见到你。 在英语口语和书面语中,单词 that 有没有都可以,在句中省略不会影响句子意思。 I hope I see you again soon. 我希望我不久后能再见到你。 使用 I hope so, too 肯定应答 hope to 或 hope that 的句子。 A: I hope to see you again soon. B: I hope so, too. 我希望不久后能再见到你。 我也这样希望。
Hope to 后接动词原形
hope that 后接从句
I hope so, too
练习
We hope that to see you again soon. We hope to that we see you again soon. They hope to that they can go to Spain. They hope to that go to Spain. I hope that to you get the job. She hopes that to get a better job
表达
谈论有趣的活动
谈论有趣的活动 使用下列表达谈论有趣的活动: I had a really good time. 我过得很愉快。 I really enjoyed myself. 我玩得非常开心。 It was great! 非常棒! I had a lot of fun. 我玩得很高兴。 如果你表达了这样的感觉,你的主人一般会向你表示感谢
I had a really good time.
I really enjoyed myself.
It was great!
I had a lot of fun.
练习
JIM: Thank you so much for coming . BETSY: Thank you! Your home is beautiful, and the food was delicious. I had a really good time . JIM: I was happy to see you again. BETSY: It was good to see you, too. I really enjoyed myself . JIM: I hope to see you again soon. BETSY: I hope so , too.
写作
撰写感谢信
撰写感谢信 下为撰写感谢信的一些步骤。 先写日期。 September 16, 2012 问候收信人,使用 Dear + 姓名,后接逗号 (,)。 Dear Andy, (亲爱的 Andy,) 对收信人表示感谢,提及感谢的原因。 Thank you for inviting me to your party. Thanks for the wonderful gift. (谢谢你邀请我参加派对。) (谢谢你送的精美礼物。) 恭维收信人 The food at the party was delicious. Your home is lovely. The scarf is beautiful. (派对上的食物很好吃。) (你的家很迷人。) (围巾很漂亮。) 提及你对未来见面的期待。 I hope to see you again soon. I hope that you can visit me soon. (我希望不久后能再见到你。) (我希望你不久后能再来我家。) 结语和签名。 Sincerely, (此致) Jane
先写日期
September 16, 2012
问候收信人,使用 Dear + 姓名,后接逗号 (,)。
Dear Andy,
对收信人表示感谢,提及感谢的原因。
Thank you for inviting me to your party.
Thanks for the wonderful gift.
恭维收信人
The food at the party was delicious.
Your home is lovely.
The scarf is beautiful.
提及你对未来见面的期待
I hope to see you again soon.
I hope that you can visit me soon.
结语和签名
Sincerely, (此致)
Jane
练习
January 5 Dear Sally, Thanks so much for inviting me to lunch. It was great to see you. I really enjoyed myself. The restaurant was fantastic! I hope to see you again soon. How about dinner next time you're in town? Thanks again! Sincerely, Kris
单元 6 度假
1 获取目的地信息
词汇
地理位置
lake
river
desert
valley(山谷, 溪谷, 流域)
forest
ocean
beach
mountains
mountains 山, 山脉 /ˈmaʊntnz/ a very high hill, often with rocks near the top a mountain rescue team 山地救援队
coast
hills
hills 小山, 山丘 /hɪlz/ an area of land that is higher than the land around it, but not as high as a mountain I love walking in the hills (= in the area where there are hills). 我喜欢在山林间漫步。
表达
天气、季节和温度
你可以描述天气和温度。
你可以描述天气和温度。 It's often windy. 常常刮风。 It's so cold and cloudy. 天很阴,又很冷。 It gets to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. That's, like, 46 degrees Celsius! 温度达到华氏 115 度,相当于 46 摄氏度
It's often windy.
It's so cold and cloudy.
It gets to 115 degrees Fahrenheit. That's, like, 46 degrees Celsius!
表达感觉和观点的形容词
你可以使用表达感觉和观点的形容词。 Fall is perfect. 秋天很美。 Winter is terrible. 冬天很糟。 It's lovely in spring. 春天真美。
Fall is perfect.
Winter is terrible.
It's lovely in spring.
比较时间、地点和环境。
你可以比较时间、地点和环境。 It gets cooler at night. 夜晚天气变得更凉爽。 It's nicer here than in the desert. 这里比沙漠更好。 It's hot in summer and cold in winter. 冬冷夏热。
It gets cooler at night.
It's nicer here than in the desert.
It's hot in summer and cold in winter.
阅读
阅读策略
阅读前后的单词和句子得出生词的意思
阅读策略 在阅读第二语言时,你可能会碰到不熟悉的单词和表达。要解决这一问题,一种策略是通过阅读前后的单词和句子得出生词的意思。你常常会在生词附近的上下文中找到它的同义词和反义词、定义和解释。 在下面的第一个句子中,你看到单词 waterfall。紧接着下一句你就会读到解释:water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake,你可以用这来猜测单词 waterfall 的意思。 Take a hike to Salto Grande waterfall. There, water from the Paine River falls beautifully into Pehoe Lake.
练习
Patagonia trip In the mountains, at the ocean January 27 to February 6 Travel to the far mountains and clean oceans of Chile and Argentina. Camp at the snowy Perito Moreno Glacier, a river of ice where it sometimes gets to 28 degrees Fahrenheit, or -2 degrees Celsius. Visit the warm, sunny wilderness at Torres del Paine Park. Find cool lakes, amazing rocky hills and many colorful birds flying through the gorgeous wilderness.
表达
谈论地方
询问他们是否喜欢自己的家乡
询问他们是否喜欢自己的家乡,是鼓励他人谈论其家乡的一种方法。 A: Where are you from? 你来自哪里? B: I'm from Ottawa. 我来自渥太华。 A: Do you like it there? 你喜欢那里吗? B: Oh, yeah. There are fantastic museums and festivals. 哦,是的。那里有许多很好的博物馆和节日。
A: Where are you from?
B: I'm from Ottawa.
A: Do you like it there?
B: Oh, yeah. There are fantastic museums and festivals.
询问某件具体的事情,What's the + 名词 + like
询问某件具体的事情,你可以使用表达 What's the + 名词 + like?。记住,这里的 like 不同于 Do you like ...? 中的用法。 A: What's the weather like in your hometown? 你的家乡天气什么样子? B: It's cold and snowy in winter. It gets to -30 degrees. But it's warm in summer and fall. 冬天寒冷,还会下雪。温度降到零下 30 度。但夏天和秋天很暖和。 A: What's the food like in Ottawa? 在渥太华都吃什么? B: Well, we eat a lot of fish. And poutine is popular. It's special french fries with cheese. 嗯,我们常常吃鱼,奶酪蘸番茄酱薯条很受欢迎。这种薯条搭配奶酪,很特别。 A: What are the people like? 人都怎么样? B: Many people are university graduates and can speak English and French. 许多人读过大学,会讲英语和法语。
A: What's the weather like in your hometown?
B: It's cold and snowy in winter. It gets to -30 degrees. But it's warm in summer and fall.
A: What's the food like in Ottawa?
B: Well, we eat a lot of fish. And poutine is popular. It's special french fries with cheese.
A: What are the people like?
B: Many people are university graduates and can speak English and French.
2 讨论度假计划
词汇
度假活动
fishing
fishing 钓鱼, 渔业 /ˈfɪʃɪŋ/ the sport or business of catching fish They often go fishing. 他们经常钓鱼。
going to a spa
going to a spa 做水疗 /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tə ə spɑː/ going to a relaxing place where you can receive treatments, such as massages or facials Do you feel relaxed after going to the spa yesterday? going to a spa downtown
going to the beach
going to the beach 去海滩 /ˈɡoʊɪŋ tə ðə biːtʃ/ going to an area of sand beside the sea, ocean or lake John's family is going to the beach for vacation this year. going to the beach in summer
diving
diving 潜水 /ˈdaɪvɪŋ/ an act of going underwater and swimming there with special equipment a dive to a depth of 18 meters 潜水深度达18米
biking
biking 骑自行车 /ˈbaɪkɪŋ/ to go somewhere on a bicycle or motorcycle My dad bikes to work every day. 我爸爸每天骑自行车上班
sightseeing(游览)
sightseeing 游览 /ˈsaɪtsiːɪŋ/ the activity of visiting interesting buildings and places as a tourist to go sightseeing 去观光
camping
camping 露营 /ˈkæmpɪŋ/ living in a tent on holiday/vacation Do you go camping? 要去露营吗?
visiting family
visiting family 探望家人 /ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈfæməli/ spending time with people who are related to you He couldn't make it to the picnic because he's visiting family today. visiting family on vacation
shopping
shopping 购物 /ˈʃɑːpɪŋ/ the activity of going to shops/stores and buying things to go shopping 去购物
horseback riding
horseback riding 骑马 /ˈhɔːrsbæk ˈraɪdɪŋ/ the sport or activity of riding horses Horseback riding is generally done with a saddle.
语法
谈论地方
be + going to + 动词
使用 be + going to + 动词谈论未来确认的计划或打算。 A: What are you going to do on vacation? B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work. 你假期打算做什么? 我打算去探望朋友和家人。我不打算工作。
A: What are you going to do on vacation?
B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work.
will + 动词
使用 be + going to + 动词谈论未来确认的计划或打算。 A: What are you going to do on vacation? B: I'm going to visit friends and family. And I'm not going to work. 你假期打算做什么? 我打算去探望朋友和家人。我不打算工作。 使用 will + 动词表示你预计或认为会发生的事情。在英语口语中,代词和动词通常缩写。 We'll probably stay in a hotel. 我们可能会呆在酒店。 I'll be happy living by the sea. (我会很高兴住在海边。) You'll like Paris. (你会喜欢巴黎的。)
We'll probably stay in a hotel.
I'll be happy living by the sea.
You'll like Paris.
动词和代词不缩写,表示特意的强调
如果动词和代词不缩写,通常是为了表示特意的强调。 You will have fun. (你会玩得开心的。) We will not fight. (我们不会打架。)
You will have fun.
We will not fight.
will + not + 动词,缩写为 won't。
表达否定意义,使用 will + not + 动词,缩写形式为 won't。 I won't get sick. (我不会生病。) They won't come with us. (他们不会跟我们来。)
I won't get sick.
They won't come with us.
要确定时间表示将来
要确定时间,你可以添加表示将来的时间表达: I'm going to go horseback riding on Thursday. (星期四我打算去骑马。) The next two days will be an adventure. (接下来两天将是一场冒险。)
I'm going to go horseback riding on Thursday.
The next two days will be an adventure.
练习
KARA: What are you doing ? SETH: Oh, nothing much. I'm just relaxing. Listening to some music. KARA: What's that book there? SETH: Uh, I'm reading about Prague. The history. I'm really enjoying it. KARA: Oh, that's right - you're going there on vacation next month. SETH: Yep. It'll be great. KARA: I'm sure it will. What are you going to do in Prague? SETH: Umm, I'm going to go sightseeing in the Old Town. I'm going to walk everywhere. Across the Charles Bridge ... KARA: Excellent! SETH: Yeah ... And I'll eat lots of good food. KARA: You're so lucky! Where are you going to stay ? SETH: Oh, I'll probably camp somewhere. Maybe I'll pay for a nice hotel on the weekend.
表达
表达疑虑
表达疑虑 使用类似下面的表达表示疑虑。注意语调的变化如何加深说话人的疑虑程度。 Are you sure about that? 那你确定吗? If you say so. 既然你这么说。 表达疑虑还有一种方法,就是重复或反驳某人刚说的话。再次注意表示疑虑的人的语调。 A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight. B: The spa? 我今晚很可能会去水疗中心? 水疗中心? A: We're going to travel through Europe this year. B: You're not going to Asia? 我们今年打算环游欧洲。 你不打算去亚洲吗? 语言点:注意这些表示疑虑的表达的使用方式和对象。比如,跟老板说 If you say so 可能不大好!
加深说话人的疑虑程度
Are you sure about that?
If you say so.
重复或反驳某人刚说的话
表达疑虑还有一种方法,就是重复或反驳某人刚说的话。再次注意表示疑虑的人的语调。 A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight. B: The spa? 我今晚很可能会去水疗中心? 水疗中心? A: We're going to travel through Europe this year. B: You're not going to Asia? 我们今年打算环游欧洲。 你不打算去亚洲吗?
A: I'll probably go to the spa tonight.
B: The spa?
A: We're going to travel through Europe this year.
B: You're not going to Asia?
3 送别某人
语法
用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事
将来做某事。
用 'Will' 表达提议或主动做某事 使用 will + 动词提议或自愿在不久或更远的将来做某事。 Let's go to Istanbul. I'll make the plane reservations right now. (我们去伊斯坦布尔吧。我马上订机票。) I'll drive you to the airport next week, if you want. (如果你愿意,下周我开车送你去机场。)
Let's go to Istanbul. I'll make the plane reservations right now.
I'll drive you to the airport next week, if you want.
非正式请求
使用 will + 动词提出非正式请求。 A: When I go on vacation, will you take care of my dog? B: Sure, I'll take care of little Sammie. (我去度假期间,你帮我照顾狗,好吗?) (没问题,我帮你照顾小 Sammie。)
A: When I go on vacation, will you take care of my dog?
B: Sure, I'll take care of little Sammie.
will not 谢绝请求
你可以使用 will not 谢绝请求,但务必谨慎使用:可能显得过于直接,可能会让人不高兴。 A: Will you get my luggage? B: No, I won't. (你帮我拿行李,好吗?) (不,我不行。)
A: Will you get my luggage?
B: No, I won't.
表达
告别用语
告别语 当某人出发旅行时,使用类似这样的表达送别: Have a great trip! 旅途愉快! Drive safely! 小心驾驶! Have a good flight. 坐飞机一路愉快! Call me when you get there. 到了打电话给我。 Don't worry about anything. 什么都不要担心。 当某人出发旅行时,你可以使用短语 Bon voyage!,该短语直接源于法语。 A: OK, then. I'm going. 好吧。那我走了。 B: Bon voyage! 一路平安!
Have a great trip!
Drive safely!
Have a good flight.
Call me when you get there.
Don't worry about anything.
Bon voyage!
语法
动词 'try'、'remember' 和 'stop'
Try
当动词 try 后接不定式 (to + 动词) 时,例如 to buy,表示试图做某事。 I can't go to the mall. Maybe I'll try to buy something online. (我不能去商场。也许我会试着网上购物。) 当动词 try 后接动名词时 (动词 + -ing),例如 swimming,表示第一次做某事,或尝试做不同的事情。 I don't like biking. Maybe I'll try swimming on my vacation. (我不喜欢骑自行车。也许假期我会试着游游泳。)
+to do,试图做某事
I can't go to the mall. Maybe I'll try to buy something online.
+doing,第一次做某事,或尝试做不同的事情
I don't like biking. Maybe I'll try swimming on my vacation.
Remember
'Remember' 当动词 remember 后接不定式时,例如 to call,表示记得去履行一项职责或任务。 I always remember to call my mother on Sunday. 我星期天总是记得打电话给我母亲。 当动词 remember 后接动名词时,例如 calling,表示记得过去做过某事。 I remember calling the neighbors. (我记得给邻居打电话了。)
+to do,记得去履行一项职责或任务
I always remember to call my mother on Sunday.
+doing,记得过去做过某事
I remember calling the neighbors.
Stop
'Stop' 当动词 stop 后接不定式时,如 to eat,表示停止一个动作,开始另一个动作。在本例中,这个人在工作,但停下工作吃东西。 I stopped to eat when I got hungry. 当我饿的时候,我停下来去吃了点东西。 当动词 stop 后接动名词时,如 eating,表示一个中止的动作。 I stopped eating when I felt sick. (我感觉恶心,停止了吃东西。)
+to do,停止一个动作,开始另一个动作
I stopped to eat when I got hungry.
+doing,表示一个中止的动作
I stopped eating when I felt sick.
练习
Did you remember to call your mother? I remember seeing you at the party last week. I'll try to eat more fruit and vegetables. I'm nervous, but I'm going to try sailing for the first time. I stopped at the office to do some work. I stopped working at six o'clock.
听力
省略形式
元音常常缩短或是省略
省略形式 记住,在英语口语中,每个词的每个音并不是总要发出来。尤其是元音常常缩短或是省略。这些形式很少在书面英语中使用,但听到时能够辨识很重要。 请听 going to、have to 和 want to 的省略形式。注意它们书写和发音的不同之处。
'Going to'
'Going to' We're going to fly to Hawaii. 我们打算坐飞机去夏威夷。 I'm going to call my mom. 我打算打电话给我妈妈。 It's going to rain. 要下雨了。 She's going to play computer games. 她打算玩电脑游戏。
We're going to fly to Hawaii.
I'm going to call my mom.
It's going to rain.
She's going to play computer games.
'Have to'
'Have to' I have to go. 我得走了。 We have to be quick. 我们不得不快点。 She has to leave. 她不得不离开。 He has to get up early. 他不得不早起
I have to go.
We have to be quick.
She has to leave.
He has to get up early.
'Want to'
'Want to' I want to go to bed. 我想上床睡觉。 Do you want to go to the movies? 你想去看电影吗? She wants to eat out. 她想出去吃饭。 He wants to go home. 他想回家。
I want to go to bed.
Do you want to go to the movies?
She wants to eat out.
He wants to go home.
4 描述假期
词汇
假期相关的动词
The bad news?He lost his passport.
We're visiting friends in Rome.
We love relaxing at the beach.
On weekends,we're eating out.
We took a tour of the mountains.
语法
用 So 来描述结果
So 来描述某一行动或时间的结果
用 So 来描述结果 你可以使用 So 来描述某一行动或时间的结果。注意,原因(he lost his passport)位于结果之前(he went to the embassy)。 Shawn lost his passport, so he went to the embassy. (Shawn 遗失了他的护照,所以去了大使馆。)
Shawn lost his passport, so he went to the embassy.
So与because的不同
注意:So 用于引出结果, because 用于引出原因。观察以下句子的不同之处: Emily recommended Corcovado, so we went there. (Emily 推荐基督山,所以我们去了那里。) We went to Corcovado because Emily recommended it. (我们去基督山,因为 Emily 推荐了那里。)
Emily recommended Corcovado, so we went there.
We went to Corcovado because Emily recommended it.
练习
Hi! I'm writing from Las Vegas. What a crazy trip! I got lost when I drove down here. I'm staying in a terrible hotel because the city is so crowded. It's snowing heavily, so I can't drive to the Grand Canyon today. I'll try to take a tour tomorrow. I can't do what I want to do, so I'm having fun playing blackjack at the nice hotels. See you soon. Jeremy
表达
表达目的
in order to + 基本动词
使用 in order to + 基本动词表达目的。如果 in order to + 从句位于句子主句之前,使用逗号;如果位于主句之后,则不必使用逗号。 In order to reserve our room, I called the hotel. (为了预订房间,我们打电话到酒店。) I called the hotel in order to reserve our room. 你可以完全省略 in order,只用 to。事实上,to 使用更加普遍,在英语口语中尤其如此。 Courtney went early to avoid the crowds. (Courtney 为了躲开人流早早就去了。)
In order to reserve our room, I called the hotel.
I called the hotel in order to reserve our room.
Courtney went early to avoid the crowds.
so that + 从句表达目的
你也可以使用 so that + 从句表达目的。如果位于主句之前,则在 so that 从句之后使用逗号,如果位于主句之后则不必使用逗号。 I turned off my phone so that I could relax. (我关了手机,以便能够休息。) So that I could relax, I turned off my phone. 你可以省略 that,只是用 so。 I saved my money so I could visit Terry. (我省钱,以便能够去看 Terry。)
I turned off my phone so that I could relax.
So that I could relax, I turned off my phone.
I saved my money so I could visit Terry.
练习
I exercise four times a week that in order so that I stay healthy. I was really tired, because so in order to I went to bed. Because So In order to pay for my study, I took a weekend job. I didn't like the meal to because so it was too spicy. I put on a sweater so to because keep warm.
写作
恰当得体的语体
使用恰当的语体 写信时使用正确的语体很重要。以下开头和结尾的一些正式和非正式表达。 非正式开头 Dear Kim, Hi, Mom! (亲爱的 Kim,) (嗨,妈妈!) 非正式结尾 Love, Take care. See you soon. (爱你的,) (保重。) (再见。) 正式开头 Dear Ms. Tackett, To whom it may concern: (亲爱的 Tackett 小姐,) (敬启者:) 正式结尾 Sincerely yours, Best regards, (谨上,) (此致,)
非正式开头
Dear Kim,
Hi, Mom!
非正式结尾
Love,
Take care.
See you soon.
正式开头
Dear Ms. Tackett,
To whom it may concern:
正式结尾
Sincerely yours,
Best regards,
练习
September 6 Hi, Nicole! How are you? I'm going to stay another night in Mali so that I can relax and do more sightseeing. Tomorrow, I'll take a tour of Djenne to see the amazing old buildings. The downtown market is full of wonderful smells, so I'm eating a lot of good food. I hope my money lasts because I'm buying many beautiful clothes. I'll give some to you! See you in a week! Love, Megan