导图社区 英语时态总结
英语时态详细知识点总结!英语时态可分为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去完成时、现在完成时、过去将来时、过去进行时、现在进行时八大时态,本思维导图将介绍它们的标志、结构、变化形态等知识要点。有需要的同学,建议收藏哦!
编辑于2020-04-17 17:12:08时态
现在进行时
主+be doing
发生时间
①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情
②表示最近按计划或安排要进行的动作
come、 arrive、 return、 go、 leave、 move、 meet等
③时间状语或条件状语中表示将来正在进行的动作
④与频度副词连用,表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感情色彩。
always, constantly, continually, often, forever, again等
例:①He is listning to the music now. ② Mary is leaving on Friday. ③ Don't wake him up if still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning. ④ He is always helping others.
时态标志
信号词
now、at the moment、at this moment、at present
看听祈使
Look、Licten、be careful
找人
Where is……、May I speak to……
时态结构
肯定句
S+be(am/is/are)+doing+…
否定句
S+be(am/is/are)+not+doing+…
一般疑问
Be(is/are)+S+ +doing+…?
Yes,S+ is/are. 你问我答
No,S+isn’t/aren’n
特殊疑问
疑问词+be(is/are)+S+ +doing+…?
变化形态
一般情况
+ing
不发音e结尾
去e+ing
元+辅+元,该音节重读
双写词尾 +ing
ie结尾
ie变y+ing
不能进行时,也不能完成进行时
表感知
hear, feel, notice, recognize, see, taste, smell
表意愿、情感
desire, dislike, forgive, hate, like, love, prefer, refuse, want, wish, fear
表思考、看法
believe, doubt, expect, forget, hope, feel, mean, know, agree, realize, mind, recall, recollect, remember, trust, suppose
表所有、占有
belong to, owe, own, possess, hold(容纳 ) , have
其他
cost, appear, concern, contain, consist, deserve, matter, seem
无进行时的短语
belong to, consist of, come ture, happen (take place), take off
一般现在时
主+ 动词原形 ( 主语第三人称, 后加 s/es)
发生时间
①表示现在的情况、状态和特征
②表示经常性、习惯性动作
③客观事实和普遍真理
④表示按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。( 常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表)
例:①He is a student. ② He always helps others. ③ The earth moves the sun. ④ The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
时态标志
时间状语
every、 usually、 often、 sometimes、 seldom、 on Sundays、 today、 every day、 always、 from time to time等
动词三单
第三人称单数、可数名词单数、不可数名词
句型转换
有be用be,有情用情,无情无be就用助,你问我答,谁问谁答,助动词用原形
时态结构
肯定句
主+系(be)+表
S+be(am/is/are)+…
主+谓(非系V.)
S+V原/V三单+…
否定句
S+am/is/are+not+…
S+don’t/dosen’t+V原+…
一般疑问
Be(is/are)+S+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ is/are.
否定
No,S+isn’t/aren’n
do/dose+ S+V原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ do/dose
否定
No,S+ don’t/dosen’t
特殊疑问
疑问词+is/are+S+…?
疑问词+do/dose+ S+V原+…?
变化形态
一般情况
+s
s/x/ch/sh结尾的动词
+es
辅+y结尾
变y为i+es
辅+o结尾
+es
主将从现
the more…the more…(越… 越…),主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
例: The harder you study,the better results you will get.
时间、条件和让步状语从句
例: If he accepts the job,he will get more money soon.
as soon as; when; if; unless
后面+一般现在时,另外半句用一般将来时
一般过去时
主+V-ed(was/were)
发生时间
①表示过去某个时间发生且完成的动作或情况
②表示过去习惯性动作
例:①I bought some fruits yesterday. ② The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.
在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时
例:He promised to buy mea computer if he got a raise.
时态标志
时间状语
yesterday、 just now、 last week、 in 1945、 at that time、 once、 during the war、 a few days ago、 when
短语
used to do, “ 过去常常做 …”,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作
be used to do=be used for doing“被用作 …”
例: He used to smoke a lot.
be/ become/ get used to +doing, “ 习惯于 ”
例: He has got used to getting up early.
句式
提问回答,并列句
时态结构
肯定句
beV.类:S+was/were+…
行为V.类: S+V.过去+…
否定句
S+was/were+not+…
S+did+not+V原+…
一般疑问
was/were+S+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ was/were.
否定
No,S+wasn’t/weren’n
did+S+did+V原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ did
否定
No,S+ didn’t
特殊疑问
疑问词+ was/were+S+…?
疑问词+did+S+did+ V原+…?
变化形态
一般情况
+ed
不发音e结尾
+d
辅+y结尾
变y为i+ed
元+辅结尾,该音节重读
双写词尾+ed
一般将来时
will/shall do
发生时间
①表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况
②时间和条件状语从句的主句中
主将从现
③ 某些表示短暂性动作的动词: arrive, come, go, leave, start用现在进行时表将来
④ “be going to do”,表打算要做的事或可能要发生的 “be about to do”,表按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的 “be to do",表必须、必然或计划要做的事 “be on the point of”,将要做某事
⑤⑥“ 祈使句 + and/ or +句子 ” , and后的句子用一般将来
例:①We will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift. ② We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes. ③ I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. ④ She is to be seen in the lab on Monday. ⑤ Use your head and you will find a way.
时态结构
肯定句
将来做某事:S+will+V.原+…
打算做某事:S+be going to+V.原
否定句
S+will+not+V.原+…
S+be+not+going to+V.原
一般疑问
will+S+V.原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ will
否定
No,S+ won’t
be+S+going to+V.原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+be
否定
No,S+be not
特殊疑问
疑问词+will+S+V.原+…?
疑问词+be+S+going to+V.原+…?
时态标志
时间状语
tomorrow、next、in+时间段、someday、in the future soon等
There be 句型
There is/are going to be
There will be(打死不能改)
表示打算做
be to do
be about to do
主将从现
主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时
其他
will not=won’t
在as soon as;when; if;后面加一般现在时,这三个词的后面是从句,另外一般用一般将来时
🔟其他
将来进行时
主+shall/well be doing
强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或按计划一定会发生的动作
例: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
完成进行时
指动作在完成时的基础上还要继续下去
现在:主 +have/has +been doing
过去:主 + had been +doing
将来:主 + will/shall have been +doing
例: The company has been promising a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened.
9️⃣将来完成时
主+shall/well have done
发生时间
在将来某时刻之前已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显
时间和条件状语从句,由现在完成时表示
by/ between/ up to/till +过去时间、by the time/ when +表过去发生情况的从句,主句过去完成时
By the time+主+did,主+had done 例: By the time I reached the bus station,the bus had left.
例: We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.
by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句,主句用将来完成时
By the time+主+does,主+will/ shall have done
例: By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
by now、 since+过去时间、in/ during/ for/ over/ +the past/ last few (或具体数字 ) years/ days/ months,主句用现在完成时,但在it is+具体时间 since/ before这一句型,主句大多不用完成时
例:①The changes that how taken place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century. ② It is four years since John left school.
It is the +序数词 / 形容词最高级 + that的定语从句,谓语动词常用过去完成时
例: It isn't the first time that I have found myself in an embarrassing situation.
在no sooner…than…、 hardly/ scarcely…when…句,主句常用过去完成时
其他与完成时连用的时间状语: all this while, all this year, for some time, so far, already, before, just, long, yet等
常用的时间状语:by +将来的时间 by the end of this year, by 8 o'clock this evening, by the time…, before, when等副词从句
例: By next Tuesday,I will have got ready for the exams.
过去将来时
主+should/would+动词原形 主+was/were+现在分词
发生时间
站在过去看将要发生的
例: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.
时态结构
肯定句
将要做某事
S+would+V.原+…
打算做某事,根据现象进行判断
S+ be(was/were) going to+V.原+…
否定句
S+would+not+V.原+…
S+ be(was/were)+not+ going to+V.原
一般疑问
Would+S+V.原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+would.
否定
No,S+wouldn’t.
Be(was/were)+S+going to+V原+…?
肯定
Yes,S+be(was/were).
否定
No,S+be not(wasn’t/weren’t)
特殊疑问
疑问词+would+S+V.原+…?
疑问词+be(was/were)+S+going to+V原+…?
时态标志
从句
宾语从句,主句是一般过去时,从句表示将来的含义(或有一般将来时的时间状语)
其他
wourl not=wouldn’t
时态:主句和从句的时态可以同时平移
一般:would/ should do 进行:would /should be doing 完成:would/ should have done 完成进行:would/ should have been doing
过去进行时
主+was/were doing
发生时间
①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作
②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情
③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义
例:①Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. ② I was travelling in London last summer vacation. ③ Then she said she was leaving.
信号词:at 10 o'clock last night…
时态结构
肯定句
S+was/were+doing+…
否定句
S+was/were+not+doing+…
一般疑问
was/were+S+doing+…?
肯定
Yes,S+was/were
否定
No,S+wasn’t/weren’t
特殊疑问
疑问词+was/were+S+doing+…?
变化形态
一般情况
+ing
不发音e结尾
去e+ing
元+辅+元,该音节重读
双写词尾+ing
特殊ie结尾
ie变y
时态标志
同一去过时间两个人或物无法同时做两事
1、I called you yesterday evening but you didn’t answer.
2、I was waching a movie with my father.
when/ while
两个动作同时发生
长动作:过去进行时
短动作:一般过去时
when:长和短
while:长、两个长动作
过去完成时
主+had done
发生时间
①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。" 过去的过去 "
②表示从过去的过去开始,持续到过去的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。经常用延续性动词
例:①Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months. ② By the time I left the school, he had taught the class for 3 years.
时态标志
动词原形:hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望,打算和意图
例: I had hoped that I could do the job.
by the end of+一般过去时时间状语
例: By the end of last year,I had played piano for the years.
表示 “ 第几次做某事 ” 主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时
例: That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
用于 hardly/ scarcely…when/ no sooner…than…句型,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时
“ 一… 就…” hardly had sb done when sb did… scarcely had sb done when sb did… no sooner had sb done than sb did…
例: No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.(注意主谓倒装 )
时态结构
肯定句
S+had+P.P.+…
否定句
S+had+not+P.P.+…
一般疑问
had+S+ P.P.+…?
肯定
Yes,S+ had
否定
No,S+ hadn’t
特殊疑问
疑问词+had+S+ P.P.+…?
变化形态
一般情况
+ed
不发音e结尾
+d
辅+y结尾
变y为i+ed
元+辅结尾,该音节重读
双写词尾+ed
现在完成时
主+has/have+done
发生时间
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成,强调对现在产生的影响
②表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词
例: I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses. ② Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
时态标志
时间状语
过去发生持续到现在:since+时间点、so far、 for+时间段、in these yesrs、 yo to now、 for a long time等
发生在过去,结束了,对现在有影响(多一句):already、ever、never、yet、three time
常见的不确定的时间状语:lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, these day
例: Has it stopped raining yet?
表示 “ 最近几世纪 / 年/ 月以来 …”时间状语: in theast few years/ months/ weeks/ days over the past few years during the last three months for the last few centuries through centuries throughout history等
表示 “ 第几次做某事 ( 主+am/is/are +序数词 /adj最高级 + 名词 + that +have/has done)” “It is the best (worst, most interesting) +名词 + that”后面
例: This is my first time that I have visited China.
形似词组
have/has gone to去了
have/has been to去过
have/has been in 待在
延续性V.瞬间性V.
长动作和短动作同时出现在选项中时,选长动作
since和for的区别
since+时间点;主句现在完成时+since+一般过去时(时间段+ago)
for+时间段
时态结构
肯定句
S+have/has+P.P.+……
否定句
S+have/has+not+P.P.+……
一般疑问
have/has+S+ P.P.+……?
肯定
Yes,S+ have/has
否定
No,S+ haven’t/hasn’t
特殊疑问
疑问词+have/has+S+ P.P.+……?
变化形态
一般情况
+ed
不发音e结尾
+d
辅+y结尾
变y为i+ed
元+辅结尾,该音节重读
双写词尾+ed
其他
have bought→have had;
have borrowed→have keep;
have begun→have been on
have left→have been away
have died→have been dead
have joined→have been in
have come→have been
shall仅用于第一人称 well可用于任何人称
完成时通用信号词:by/ up to/ till/ until到时候 by + ( )↓ 【现在:now…, have/ has done;过去:last…, had done;将来:next…, will/ shall have done】 例: By the end of last week,I had finished the book.