医学专业英语

医学专业英语 重点，如Seasonal Influenza：Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection.季节性流感是一种 急性病毒性感染。

医学专业英语

Seasonal Influenza

定义

Seasonal influenza is an acute viral infection.季节性流感是一种 急性病毒性感染。

症状和体征

high fever, cough, headache, muscle and joint pain,sore throat, runny nose.症状和体征:高烧、咳嗽、头痛、肌肉和关节疼痛、喉咙痛、流鼻涕。

预防

vaccination疫苗接种

重要单词和词组

acute; incubation period; complication; antiviral drugs; hospitalization;high-risk group; vaccine急性;潜伏期;并发症;抗病毒药物;住院;高危人群;疫苗

Diabetes

定义

Diabetes is a chronic disease that occurs when the pancreas does notproduce enough insulin, or alternatively, when the body cannot effectivelyuse the insulin it produces.糖尿病是种慢性疾病，发生 在胰腺产生不了足够的胰岛素,或者，当身体不能有效的利用体内生成的胰岛素。

Insulin is a hormone that regulate blood sugar.胰岛素是一种调节血糖的激素

Hyperglycaemia means raised blood sugar.高血糖症意味着升高了血糖

分类

Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent or childhood-onset): a lack of insulin production.1型糖尿病(胰岛素依赖型或儿童期发病型糖尿病):缺乏胰岛素的分泌

Type 2 dabes (nislin dependent or autonses; the bodysineffective use of insulin.2型糖尿病(是非胰岛素依赖型或成人发病型糖尿病):身体的无效使用胰岛素

Gestational diabetes: hyergycemia which is first recogied duringpregnancy.妊娠期糖尿病:首先承认怀孕期间高血糖症

主要症状

polyuria,polydipsia, constant hunger, weight loss, visionchanges and fatigue.主要症状:多尿、烦渴、常有饥饿感、体重减轻、视力减退和疲劳

重要单词和词组

chronic; insuli; hyperglycaemia; retinopathy; neuropathy; impairment;numbness; kidney filure; blood glucose; blood lipid; ulcer.慢性;胰岛素;高血糖症，视网膜病变,神经病变:损伤;麻木;肾功能衰竭;血糖;血脂;溃疡

Ear Infection

定义

An ear infection means that the middle ear is infected, which is also calledacute otitis media.耳朵感染意味着中耳感染，也称为急性中耳炎。

症状

earache,dulled hearing,fever,feeling sick or vomit,being generally unwell, eardrum perforation. Baby: hot, irritable, crying耳痛，削弱了听力、发烧、恶心或呕吐,般不适,鼓膜穿孔。宝宝:热、易怒、哭泣

重要单词和词组

acute otitis media; mucus; rferred pain; antibiotic; prescribe; side efet急性中耳炎,粘液,牵涉性痛;抗生素;规定;副作用

Cardiovascular Diseases

定义

Cardiovascular diseases include: coronary heart disease (heart ttack),cerebrovascular disease, raised blood pressure (hypertension), peripheralartery disease, rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease and heartfailure.心血管疾病包括:冠心病(心脏病发作),脑血管疾病,高血压(高血压)，外周动脉疾病、风湿性心脏病、先天性心脏病和心力衰竭。

病因

Major cause of cardiovascular disease: tobacco use, physical inactivity andan unhealthy diet.心血管疾病的主要原因:烟草使用、缺乏运动和不健康的饮食。

The direct cause of heart attacks and strokes: a blockage that preventsblood from flowing to the heart or the brain.心脏病发作和中风的直接原因:堵塞导致血液流入心脏或大脑。

重要单词和词组

Blockage;build-up;fatty deposit;atherosclerosis; blood clot; dificuit inbreathing; shortness of breath; nausea / feling sick; vomiting; faint,lightheaded, dizy; cold sweat; numbness; loss of balance; unconsciousnessmenopause堵塞;建设;脂肪沉积;动脉粥样硬化;血凝块、呼吸困难,呼吸急促,恶心/感到恶心,呕吐;微弱,头昏眼花，头晕目眩，冷汗，麻木,失去平衡;无意识更年期

Obesity and Overweight

定义

Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excesive fatacumulaton that may impair halth.超重和肥胖的定义是可损害健康的异常或过量脂肪累积。

病因

The fundamental cause of obesity and overweight is an energy imbalancebetween calories consumed on one hand, and calories expended on the otherhand.肥胖和超重的根本原因是卡路里之间的能量不平衡消费一方面,另一方面和热量消耗。

重要单词和词组

micronutrient;sedentary;musculoskeletal;osteoarthritis;endometrial;colon;undernutrition微量营养素，久坐不动,肌肉骨骼;骨关节炎;子宫内膜;结肠癌;营养不良

HIV and AIDS

定义

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function.人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)是一种逆转录病毒,感染人类免疫系统细胞,破坏或损伤其功能。

The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiencysyndrome(AIDS).艾滋病毒感染的最先进的阶段是获得性免疫缺陷综合症(艾滋病)。

传播方式

unprotected sexual intercourse, transfusion ofcontaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles, and between amother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breasteeding.艾滋病毒的传播:无保护的性交,输入被艾滋病病毒污染的血液,共用受艾滋病毒污染的针头、和一位母亲 和她的婴儿在怀孕期间、分娩和母乳喂养。

重要单词和词组

Immunodeficiency,Immune systemAdvanced stage,Syndrome,Blood transfusion免疫缺陷,免疫系统,高级阶段,综合症,输血

Hepatitis

定义

The liver is the largest gland in the human body; it is also the largestinternalorgan.肝脏是人体最大的腺体,它也是最大的内部器官。

Blood reaches the liver through the. hepatic artery and the portal vein.血液到达肝脏通过肝动脉和门静脉。

 The functions of the liver

The causes, transmissions, symptoms, treatments, and preventions of seventypes of hepatitis传输的原因,症状,治疗和预防肝炎的七种类型。

重要单词和词组

Inflammation，Acute hepatitis，Chronic hepatitis，Carriers of hepatitis B，Swell，Cirrhosis.炎症，急性肝炎，慢性肝炎，乙肝病毒的携带者，膨胀，肝硬化

Cancer

定义

Cancer is also called malignant tumors and neoplasms.癌症也被称为恶性肿瘤和肿瘤。

One defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells thatgrow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoiningparts of the body and spread to other organs. This process is calledmetastasis.癌症的一个定义特征是快速产生异常细胞，这些细胞超越其通常边界生长并可侵袭身体的毗邻部位和扩散到其他器官。这个过程称为转移。

病因

genetic factors, external agents, andaging.癌症的原因的因素:遗传因素、外部代理和老化。

There are three categories of external agents, including: physicalcarcinogens, chemical carcinogens, and biological carcinogens.有三种类型的外部代理，包括:物理致癌物质、化学致癌物质和生物致癌物质

治疗

Pincial retment methods： srgey, radtherpey and cemotherey主要治疗方法:手术、放疗和化疗

重要单词和词组

Malignant，Tumor，Neoplasm，Metastasis，Mortality，Pre cancerous lesion，Carcinogen，Lump，Sore，Indigestion，Cytology，Pathology，Surgery，Radiotherapy，chemotherapy.恶性，肿瘤，肿瘤，转移，死亡率，癌前期病变，致癌物质，肿块，痛，消化不良，细胞学，病理学，手术，放射治疗，化疗

Hypertension

定义

病因

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a condition in which the bloodpressure in the arteries is chronically elevated.高血压或形成高血压的条件是在动脉血压长期升高

并发症

Hypertension may result in: heart attack, stroke, heartfailure, aneurysm, orrenal failure.高血压会导致心脏病、中风、心力衰竭、动脉瘤或肾功能衰

诊断标准

The normal level for blood pressure is below 120/ 80.Prehypertension: between 120/80 and 139/ 89.Hypertension: 140/ 90 or above.血压的正常水平是低于120/80。高血压前期:120/80到139/89之间。高血压:140/90或以上。

分类

Hypertension may be casified as essential or secondary.高血压可以分为基本或次要的。

The causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and preventions 0hypertension.

重要单词和词组

Blood pressure，Heart beat，Pump，Systolic/ diastolic，Prehypertension，Essential hypertension，Secondary hypertension.血压,心脏的跳动,泵,收缩压/舒张压,高血压前期,原发性高血压,继发性高血压

Basic Anatom Tisss and Oraens

定义及分类

Cells group together in the body to form tissues.体内细胞组织在一起，形成组织

Tissues are a collection of similar cells that group together to perform aspecialized function.组织相似的细胞组织集合在一起进行一个专门的功能

The four primary tissue types in the human body: epithelial tissue,connective tissue, muscle tissue and nerve tissue.人体中的四种主要组织类型:上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织

An organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissuefunctioning together for a common purpose.一个器官是一个结 构,其中包含至少两个不同类型的组织功能在一起，为一个共同的目的

The skin is the largest organ in the human body.皮肤是人体最大的器官

The skin is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis andsubcutaneous layer.皮肤是由三层:表皮、真皮和皮下层。

The systems of the body: skeletal system, muscular system, circulatory system,nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, endocrine system, reproductive system and lymphatic/ immunesystem.身体的系统:骨骼系统、肌肉系统、循环系统、神经系统、呼吸系统、消化系统、泌尿系统、内分泌系统、生殖系统和淋巴免疫系统。

The Disease SARS

定义

SARS: severe acute respiratory syndrome, caused by coronavirus“非典”:严重急性呼吸系统综合症，由冠状病毒引起的

Its symptoms

Spread: droplet spread

Close contact

The incubation period: typically 2- 7 days.

The lbortry tests for SARS: PCR, serologic test, and viral culture非典的实验室检测:聚合酶链反应、血清学试验、病毒文化

重要单词和词组

Acute，Respiratory，Ventilation，Droplet，Airborne spreadAtypical，Antiviral，Hospitalization，Specimen，Serum，culture.急性,呼吸,通风,飞沫传播,通过空气传播,非典型,抗病毒,住院治疗,标本,血清,文化

Fracture

定义

A fracture is a disruption or break in the coinvitry of the structure of a bone.骨折是种连续性的中断或破坏骨骼的结构。

分类

The classification of fractures: traumatic and pathologic; closed and open;stable and unstable骨折的分类:创伤和病理;封闭和开放;稳定和不稳定

Symptoms, complications, etc.

Respiratory System

定义

The respiratory system of animals: consumption of oxygen, contribution ofcarbon dioxide动物的呼吸系统:消耗的氧气，二氧化碳的贡献

The respiratory system of plants: consumption of carbon dioxide,contribution of oxygen.植物的呼吸系统:消费的二氧化碳，氧气的贡献。

Ventilation is controlled by the autonomic nervous system.通气换气是由自主神经系统控制的。

The breathing center is in the medulla oblongata and the pons.呼吸是脑桥延髓和中心。

Anatomy: nose and mouth→> pharynx→larynx > trachea > bronchi >bronchioles→lungs

分类

 The respiratory system can be divided as the upper respiratory tract and thelower respiratory tract.呼吸系统可分为上呼吸道和下呼吸道。

Depression

定义

 Depression: low mood and other symptoms for at least two weeks.抑郁症:情绪低落和其它症状至少两个星期。

Symptoms of depression