导图社区 管理联考MEM MBA MPA写作模板及知识点
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管理联考MEM MBA MPA写作模板及知识点
包含管理类联考：逻辑作文结构分析，各种知识点解释，如“羊群效应”“马斯洛需求理论”等；各类型英文小作文模板，背诵即可。
编辑于2020-06-21 11:21:56- MEM
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管理联考MEM MBA MPA写作模板及知识点
Writing
Conjuction
To begin with/First and foremost/First of all,…… Meanwhile/Secondly,……In addition……Besides……What's more/Furthermore, ……At last/Last but not least……Therefore/Consequently,……Moreover……
Advice-Active
I am writing mainly to put forward advice on the topic of ……I feel that's my obligation to make some suggestions regarding how to…… introduce new concept of management create favorable environment for... maintain the normal order of ... diversify the items of service renew material in time prolong service time Thanks for your patience in reading this letter.I hope that my suggestions are useful for your decision making.We are looking forward to some changes
Advice-Passive
Thank you for your generous invitation. I am exceedingly honored to hear the news that…… it would be beneficial if you could ……
Recommendation
With reference to your requirement, I shall, without reservation, recommend one of my best friend, Li Lei, as an ideal candidate. To begin with, his outstanding capability makes him an ideal candidate for the positon. He has proved to be a straight-A student in college and awarded a succession of scholarships. works as a teacher in foreign school for 5 years. His educational background and rich experience can make him qulify the job. He's highly motivated, enegetic and devoted. And above all he has strong inter-personal skills. Should you favor him a position in your company, I am sure that his future conduct will prove worthy of your confidence. Looking forward to your reply.
Resignation
I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign my current postion There are a few factors involved that I find it inappropriate for me to stick to my positon any longer. I once expect this job to be challenging and creative, which has proved to be the opposition. rewards are lower than you originally promised, and I can't afford the daily expense of family. in order to improve my potential and own a bright prospect, I have a strong desire to go abroad for furthering my study. great pressure of daily work transportation be not convenient Best wishes for the company's continued growth.
Application
I am writing in response to the recruitment information you placed in the website for a sales manager in your company. Your company has great reputation in this sphere. I am interested in joining such a professional organization. As you can see from the enclosed resume, my previous work experience(in an export company) has provided me with lots of opportunities to practice my professional skills. my educational training concentrated on relevant knowledge. I believe that my service could be of great benefit to your company. I could be availabe for the interview at your convenience. Looking forward to hearing from you and thank you for your consideration.
Notice
Please pay close attention to this notice. There's a wonderful/important news for everyone. A summer camp, which aims to …… will be held on…… you are required to…… listed below are the details about the camp activities and qualifications of volunteers to be recruited. If you are interested, please fill in the application form and send it to…… If you need more information, please contact us at 1234-5678 If you have any other ideas about …… please contact me in your convenience. I am looking forward to your early reply. students' union
Refuse
I am exceedingly honored to hear the news that…… I am so happy to learn that you are going to hold a birthday party next Sunday. I'm sure that it will be wonderful. Thank you very much for your invitation to the activity. But, unfortunately, I'm sorry to say that I couldn't attend. Because I was told that I would have an interview on the same day for the job I applied for. What a great pity it is! Anyway I feel sorry for disappointing you. I will give you a surprising gift next time I meet you. Have a good time. I am so sorry for any inconvenience caused by me. Hope you can accept my apology and ……Wish to see you soon.
Thanks
I am writing this letter in purpose of expressing my appreaction for your warmth and hospitality when I studied in England. Thank you for your warm congratulation on my winning…… All these will become my precious memory. Again, special thanks t all of you. I will be more pleased if I have the oppotunity to invite you to visit China. Again, I would like to express my cordial thanks to you. Best wishes to you.
Invitation
How's everything going? I'm writing to tell you that ……We could be honored if you could come to join us. on behalf of them broaden your horizon you'll surely have a good time As scheduled, the party will be held in …… from...to.... There will be... I really hope you can make it. Would you please let me know if you can accept my invitation at your earliest convenience?
Chart
1st part The column/pie/line/area/bar/scatter/combination chart given above clearly demonstrates/reflects the changes/proportion of …… pie chart - Emerging from the clearly depicted pie chart is the distribution of ……We can find that……A rank first and occupy 50%, B hold the second largest share and account for 30%, C is the last one and take up 20%. column chart - the market share taken by/percentage of A increasedd rapidly from 20% in 2008 to 50% in 2015, while conversely, the market share owned by B dropped/jumped sharply from 40% to 10%, the market share of C remained stable. during the past two decades
2nd part Think about what is reflected by the graph in depth, we find that there are quite a number of driving forces behind that phenomenon. First and foremost, with the rapid development of relevant industries, an increasing number of people take a more postive attitude towards A. In view of a web reserach, the majority of respondents percerive the necessarity of A. What's more, there is a direct link between the decline and the inferior performance of their reguar products. Last but not least, the stability mainly stems from the fact that there are unchanged relations between supply and demand. What has triggered this phenomenon? It is not difficult for us to come up with some possible factors to account for the trends. with the rapid growth of …… laid a sold basis for them to …… up to 80% people prefer to ……
Last part Overall, from…to…, majority of …… A smaller number choose to ……, and the samallest number choose to ……And it is certain that they will continue in years to come. Taking into account what has been argued so far, I am inclined to think about the curent situation is normal. In view of the analysis above, we can safely come to a conclusion: the tendency will continue to rise for quite a while in the years to come. In view of the arguments above, we can conclude that the current phenomenon is of no surprise. And therefore, it can be predicted that …… from my perspective, is …… This is a subtle phenomenon that we can't neglect, because it can have a great impact on our future development.
逻辑
论证有效性分析
标题 ……真的……吗？ 有失偏颇的论证
开头 原文通过一系列事例和看戏严谨的论证，得出“……”的结论，其论证过程存在诸多不当，现分析如下：
本论 首先、其次、再次、最后 第一、第二、第三、第四 文中指出（提到）……，这个推理是不恰当的，（解释），不能得到……这一结论 文中由……得出（来证明）……，论据不够充分，因为…… 由……推不出……，因为……。此外，……是两个不同概念，不能简单类比。 ……这句话肯定了……，……这句话又肯定了……，文章前后自相矛盾。 ……这句话认为……原因一定是……，但忽略了真正原因可能是……，可能另有他因。
结论 综上所述，原文在论证过程中存在诸多逻辑问题，要想得到……这一结论，还需要更加严谨的论证。
论说文
标题 支持一方的观点
开头 回文定位：概括材料、摆现象、下定义 过渡一句 中心论点（可见，……）
本轮 4段，每段第一句表达观点（可以从摆现象、合理性、必要性、根源性、困难性、道德底线、制度约束、教育引导等找灵感） （然后解释观点） A是…… A的出发点是…… A的原因较为复杂…… 要想改变A的局面……
结尾 全面思考：反驳论敌、辩证考虑 回扣中心
基本知识点
马斯洛需求理论 基本内容是将人的需求从低到高依次分为生理需求、安全需求、社交需求、尊重需求和自我实现需求。
二八法则 帕累托分布可以归纳为一个非常简洁的表述：通过市场交易，20%的人将占有80%的社会财富 “二八法则”要求管理者在工作中不能“胡子眉毛一把抓”，而是要抓关键人员、关键环节、关键用户、关键项目、关键岗位。
马太效应 指强者愈强、弱者愈弱的现象 任何个体、群体或地区，一旦在某一个方面（如金钱、名誉、地位等）获得成功和进步，就会产生一种积累优势，就会有更多的机会取得更大的成功和进步。
羊群效应 描述个体的从众跟风心理
刺猬效应 是指刺猬在天冷时彼此靠拢取暖，但保持一定距离，以免互相刺伤的现象。强调的是人际交往中的“心理距离效应”。在管理实践中，就是领导者如要搞好工作，应该与下属保持一种不远不近的恰当合作关系。在教育学中，教育者与受教育者日常相处只有保持适当的距离，才能取得良好的教育效果。
晕轮效应 指人们在交往认知中，对方的某个特别突出的特点、品质就会掩盖人们对对方的其他品质和特点的正确了解
霍桑效应 就是当人们在意识到自己正在被关注或者观察的时候，会刻意去改变一些行为或者是言语表达的效应。
鲶鱼效应 是企业管理者激发员工活力的有效措施，具体是指组织管理部门通过引进优秀人才以激活原有员工的活力，产生一石激起千层浪的激荡效果
鳄鱼法则 当你犯了错误的时候，要立即停下来，不可以再找借口、期待、理由或采取其他任何动作，否则将陷入更大的麻烦和错误中去，以致造成更加严重的后果。
帕金森定律 不称职的行政首长一旦占据领导岗位，庞杂的机构和过多的冗杂便不可避免，庸人占据着高位的现象也不可避免，整个行政管理系统就会形成恶性膨胀，陷入难以自拔的泥潭
青蛙效应 而一个人或企业应居安思危
破窗理论 第一扇破窗，常常是事情恶化的起点
金鱼缸效应 运用到企业管理中，就是要求企业领导增加企业各项工作的透明度。透明公开是防止腐败和不正之风的法宝之一。
皮格马利翁效应 期望和赞美能产生奇迹 教师的期望会传递给被期望的学生并产生鼓励效应，使其朝着教师期望的方向变化
超限效应 是指刺激过多、过强或作用时间过久，从而引起心理极不耐烦或逆反的心理现象。
不值得定律 最直观的表达为：不值得做的事情，就不值得做好。 不仅成功率小，即使成功，也不会觉得有多大的成就感
懒蚂蚁效应 勤与懒相辅相成，“懒”未必不是一种生存的智慧。懒于杂务，才能勤于思考。一个企业在激烈的市场竞争中，如果所有的人都很忙碌，没有人能静下心来思考、观察市场环境和内部经营状况，就永远不能跳出狭窄的视野，找到发现问题、解决问题的关键，看到企业未来的发展方向并作出一个长远的战略规划。
手表定律 每个人都不能同时挑选两种不同的行为准则或者价值观念，否则那个人的行为将陷于混乱。
口红效应 是指因经济萧条而导致口红热卖的一种有趣的经济现象，也叫“低价产品偏爱趋势”。
蝴蝶效应 是指在一个动力系统中，初始条件下微小的变化能带动整个系统的长期的巨大的连锁反应
丛林法则 物竞天择适者生存，不能适应环境，就只能被环境淘汰。 实力弱小的时候，采取结盟不失为一种策略。 同类竞争，异类共赢。 强弱是可以逆转的，所以时刻要有危机意识。