导图社区 考研英语二作文强化课程
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考研英语二作文强化课程
课上所有的知识点都纳入了，可以不用再听课的巨详细笔记。需要好好背诵哦
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英语写作
词句
词
ameilorate(改善）=improve/better
deteriorate(恶化）=worsen
epitomize(成为...的缩影）=reflect/mirror
exaggerate(夸张）
It is no exaggeration to say that....
appreciate(增值、感激）
depreciate(贬值、贬低）
preci-=price
概要
environment
consciousness（意识）
legislations=laws
regulations=rules
sustainable development(可持续发展）
maintain
accelerate=speed up
decelerate=slow down
compete
competition (n）
competitive(富有竞争性的）
necessary(a/n)
necessity(必要性）
数据状态
obviously（明显地）
dramatically(剧烈的）
=sharply
slighly（轻微地）
continuously(持续地）
steadily(稳定地
用5/6个就可以
句
With the living rhythm accelerationg,
With the pace of life quickening
随着生活节奏的加快 rhythm (n)节奏
7大问题
主谓问题
一个句子一个谓语动词，其他用连词or转换为非谓语
连词
with,不是连词
and
because
while
so
that
while
非谓语（to do、done-不能充当主语和宾语、doing）
非谓语作后置定语（重要）
to do:sth to eat
to be done :a problem to be addressed
doing:the students going abroad
done: a phenomenon disclosed by graph
例句
T is teaching,looking at his students,with a book in his hand.
谓语：is，非谓语teaching，looking
大心句+改错：A taks up 30%,B makes up 60%,with C occupy 10%
三个谓语动词，改：A，and B,with C occupying
改错：Take a objective attitude is vitally important
两个谓语：take is →taking is , a/an用法：a objective→an objective
大心句+改错：A series of statistic reveals that ....
A series of 作主语时，是单数形式
时态问题
一般过去式（2019年以前）
took up
made up
occupied
占据
一般将来时（2019年以后）
will V原
现在完成时（强调过去对今天的影响）
have increased/declined
过去完成时（对2018年及以前的影响）
had risen
rise:过去式rose,过分risen
had fallen
fall:过去式fell,过分fallen
上升下降
现在完成进行时(2018如此，2019也如此，以后也如此）
have been doing
Pollution has been becoming severe污染正在变得严峻
The number of A has been rising continuouslyA的数据还会持续上升
介词搭配
attach importance to
=place importance on/ close attention should be paid to：重视
A is the precondition for B：A是B的前提
the quality of being persistent：应当坚持的品质
A is the most important factor +
to B
in deciding B
A是B的重要因素
lead to
=contribute to
the reasons behind the problem
take up
=account for/make up/occupy
account for :占据，解释（explain)
increase to (增加到）
increase by(增加了）、increase from 30% to 50%(从30%增加到50%）
名词的数
statistics：数据（单复）
=figures、data(复数，单数：datum)
a series of
= an array of / a succession of
a series of data demonstrares that...一系列数据表明
语态问题
主动：主动而积极
被动：被动而消极，表示客观事实是用
例句
主动：We should attach importance to...
attach importance to:重视=pay attention to
被动：Importance should be attached to...
我们应当重视...
主动：I strongly recommend that...
被动：It is strongly recommended that...
我强烈建议...
虚拟语气
It is high time that+
we should take moves
we took moves
我们早该采取行动
It is imperative/necessary/crucial+
imperative必须的/necessary必要的/crucial关键的
we (should) do sth
小--感谢信：要不是你帮了我，我本该失败的But for/Without your assistance,
I would have failed
I would not have succeeded
not have 而不是 have not
现状、将来：Without rules and regulations, we would live in the state of chaos 如果没有规章制度，我们将生活在混乱之中
冠词搭配
类别：the+单数、复数
the student does...
Students do ...
an
an objective attitude：客观的态度
perform an indispensasble role in：扮演一个不可或缺的角色
indispensable 是 able
各种句式
9组表达
趋势估计与发展（第三段）
trend(大）/tendency
social trend
global trend
trend to(increase /rise/decrease/fall)
estimate(估计）
overestimate/overstate（夸大）/overvalue（高估）
underestimate
据估计：It is estimated that
例句
据估计，图表中所反映的现状有朝好的方向发展的趋势 It is estimated that the current situation reflected by the chart tends to develop toward an optimistic direction
A有增加的趋势There is a tendency/tend for the rate of A increase in the following decades.
错误：动词：is /increase→to increase
核心重要角色(通用）
例句
女性在社会发展中一直扮演着核心角色（现在完成进行时） Women have been playing an essential role in the social developent.
预测
什么东西在我们的成长中、学习中扮演着重要的角色 sth is one of the most important factors (to our personal growth/in deciding our academic studies)
措施对策与联合第三段
采取措施
take /adopt
immediate立刻/urgent紧急/effective有效/efficient高效
moves/steps/measures
联合
combine、unite +our efforts to...联合努力做...
spare no effort to do...不遗余力做某事
例句
呼吁：appeal to sb to do/call on sb to do
should call--利用过去式表虚拟called
是时候呼吁政府联合起来采取措施抵制资源浪费了 It is high time that we should call on the administration and the society combine their efforts take moves to fight against the waste of natural reasoures
问题：is/call/combine/take/fight5个动词，只有that call,to fight 修改：to combine/and take
意识加强与呼吁（第二、三段）
awareness/consciousness
enhance/strengthen
例句
我们必须呼吁公共加强节约能源的意识了 It is imperative that we (should) appeal to the public to enhance the consciousness of saving energies.
预测：节约能源
人类自然与平衡（预测话题）
human beings
保持人类和自然的平衡keep the balance between human beings and nature
例句
保持人类与自然界的平衡是维持人类可持续发展的首要因素 Keeping the balance between human beings and nature, it is the precondition for maintaining the sustainable development.
阐明解释与结论（第三段）
例句
根据图表所提供的信息以及以上的分析，我们可以得出一个结论：中西方文化的融合已经成为普遍现象 According to the information offered by the chart and the analysis made the above, we can draw a conclusion：The cultural integration between the West and the East has become a global trend.
冒号后是句子时，首字母要大写
反省与缩影（第一段）
图表反映了一个普遍现象：越来越多的人正在密切关注学习一门外语的价值，这是发人深思的。The diagram epitomizes a prevalent phenomenon that people in growing numbers are paying closer attention to the value of learning a foreign language, which is thought-provoking.
发人深思的：thought-provoking;缩影：epitomize
图表作文专用表达
图表：bar chart; line chart ;table chart; pie chart
数据：(a serise of /an arry of) statistics/data/figures
表明：suggest/idicate/ deminstrate
揭示：reveal/ unveil/disclose
逻辑地logically/清楚地clearly/系统地systematically
年代，年龄
20世纪80年代:in 1980s
40多岁的人:people in their 40s
40-44岁的人:peopple in their early 40s
45-50岁的人:people in their late 40s
40岁以上的人：people over 40
40岁以下的人：people unde 40
观点1,2,3的表达(大）
in the first/second/last place
The most important factor to be considered is sth/that..
It is also of great important to pay close attention to sth/that...
In addition to what was mentioned above, it is necessary to consider the role played by sth
长版
4大从句
同位语
that
+完整的句子
that不充当语法成分
从句=先行词
that:即，也就是，那就是
例句：这个数据揭示了一个不能被否认的现象：参加研究生考试的学生人数一直在增加。These statistics revealed an undeniable fact that the number of students participating Postgraduate Entrance Examinations is rising
例句有误：计算机游戏给大学生的学业施加了负面影响，因为打游戏浪费时间，浪费精力。Computer games exert a disadvantagous influence on the academic studies of college students due to playing computer games is time-wasting and energy-consuming.
错误：due to +从句：the fact that
定从
that（只能限定）
+不完整的句子（只有这个不加完整的）
充当成分（名词性的）
从句是先行词的定语
that 译为“的”
例句：这些统计数字揭示了一个人们众所周知的毋庸置疑的事实。These statistics revealed an undeiable fact that is universially acknowledge.
as/which(非限定）
例句：从图表中逻辑地清晰地显示，大三学生参加课外活动的比例明显上升，这是发人深省的。As is logically and clearly demonstrated by the chart, the rate of junior students taking part in afert-class activities has been ascending obviously, which is thought-provoking
主从
例句： 参观人数的增加引起我们的密切关注。That the number of visitors has been rising/ascending draws our close attention
下降 descending
例句：人们缺乏环保意识，这一点不能被忽略。There is a serious lack of environmental awareness, which cannot be ignored/neglected. there is a serious lack of environmental awareness cannot be ignored.--有两个谓语，在最前面加That,这就是主从。
cannot:不可以 can not:可以不
例句：为什么会出现这个现象是一个要回答的问题。Why the phenomenon has emerged is a question to be answered.
表从
is that ...
例句：我的建议是进一步的措施应该被采取。My suggestion is that further steps (should) be taken to address the problem reflected by the diagram.
例句：图表所揭示的毋庸置疑的事实是我们必须重视节约能源的必要性。An undeniable truth unveiled by the graph is that we must place important on the necessity of energy-saving.
3/2/1/1
长句写法
写引导词（高级）
It is universally acknowledge that...
It is widelly accepted that...
There is no doubt in saying that...
It is no exaggeration to say that...
With information technology developing raidly,....
With people's living standard improving,...
With people's living pace quickening,...
With the world globalizing/commercializing, ....
With globalization accelerating, ...
With the society becoming increasingly competitive, ...
插入语(客观）
Be 后行前助行间
as a matter of fact 事实上，She is, as a matter of fact, beautiful ...
directly or indirectly直接或间接，Ten can, directly or indirectly, influence us.
to a large extent很大程度上，Computers, to a large extent, changed us.
to some extent某种程度,/ in one way or another以某种方式
2
从句（漫长）
原因状语从句
because
due to the fact that
owing to the truth that
in that
Which引导的非限
例句
信息技术影响生活 Information technology influences life
转换：随着社会快速的发展，毫无疑问，信息技术直接或间接的影响了我们的生活,因为信息技术提高了我们学习生活的效率。With the society developing rapidly, there is no doubt in saying that information technology can, directly or indirectly, bring a great influence on our life due to the fact that information technology improves the efficiency of our work and study.
随着科技的发展和全球化的加速，中西方文化交流已经成为一个全球趋势。With science and technology developing and globalization accelerating, it is universaly acknnowledged that the cultural communication between the West and the East has became the global trend.
原句上加了引导词：众所周知的
毫无疑问，我们应该认识到科技的弊端，因为如今有很多人沉溺于数字产品。数字产品给我们的学习和工作带来了潜移默化的负面影响。There is no denying the fact that we should be fully aware of the disadvantages of science and technology owing to the truth that, currently, people in growing numbers are addicted to digital products, which exert a subtle and negative influence on our academic studies .
自己写：It is no doubt that we should ackonwledge the disadvantages of technology and science, in that many persons are addicited to digital products which bring a subtle and negative influence on our work and study.
acknowledge→be aware of ,少了“如今”
身心健康很重要Physical and mental health is important.
转换：随着竞争越来越大，事实上身心健康非常重要，因为身心健康在我们的个人生活中扮演者不可替代的角色。With competition becoming increasingly dramatic, physical and mental health is, as a matter of fact, vitally important in that physical and mental health plays indispensable role in our personal growth.
随着科技的发展和工业化的加快，资源浪费和环境污染变得日趋严重，这严重破坏了生态平衡和可持续发展。 With science and technology developing and industrialization accelerating, environment pollution has been becoming increasingly severe, which brings a destructive influence onn ecological balance and sustainable development.
功能段
第一段：描述数据（初步指出本质）-50词
增减
As is clearly demonstrated by the chart, there is a series of statistics revealing the changes in the number/rate/proportion(比重）of sth from 1998 to 2018, the number of A increased from 40% to 50%, while the rate of B decreased from 45% to 15%,with C staying at the same level (with C experiencing a change of 8%). These statistics/figures reflect a prevalent phenomenon that +同从，which draws widespread attention.
注意：一般现在时或者过去式
比重
Clearly demonstrared above is a series of statist unviling/revealing the proportion/ratio of people doing sth.A takes up 30%, and B mkes up 20%, with C and D accounting for 10% and 40% respectively. This graph disclosed the relationship between C and D, which is thought- provoking and deserves a further(进一步）analysis.
过去式：took up/ made up the relationship between C and D=the influence of C on D
开头倒装:A series of...is clearly...
line graph
横向：增减
纵向：比重
changes→fluctuations
第二段：原因；内涵；利弊90词
原因：第一句
Why the phenomenon has emerged is a question to be answered
So what are the invisible reasons behind the phenomenon/changes
intangible 不可摸的；无形的
观点
第一句
In the first place, the most important factor that we have to take into account is sth/ that+句子
定从（that可省），表从
第二句
In the next place, we ought to consider the role played by sth.
第三句
In the last place, importance should be attached to the factor of sth
总结句
In conclusion/To conclude/To sum up, the reasons mentioned above are the driving forces behind the changes/fluctuations in the number of...
内涵段
可补充原因段，可用大小作文
第一句
It is not hard to understand that the author/drawer of the diagram is, in one way or another, attracting/drawing our attention to the importance/value/necessity of sth/doing sth.
影响
With people's living standard improving, sth can, directly or indirectly bring a pasitive/negative/subtle influence on sth.
重要性
It/There is no exaggeration in saying/to say that sth, to a large extent, plays an indispensable role in leading to the changes reflected above.
It/There in saying/to say
There is no denying the fact that sth is one of the most important factors in deciding sth
利弊段
There are always two sides to everything. On the one hand, the advantage is that A is beneficial to B; on the other hand, the disadvantage is that A does harm to B.
every coin=everything/ is beneficial to = does good to
取其精华，弃其糟粕 absorb the essence, and abandon the dregs
第三段：措施；总结陈词50词
措施段
角度
话题
individuals(个人）;the department concerned（有关部门）;the society（社会）;the public（公众）
大学生
personal growth
academic studies
career development
竞争与压力
competition-competitive
live under pressure
dramatic（巨大） = fierce(剧烈）
经验与视野
enrich our exprience
broaden our horizon
widen our vision
科技
the rapid development of technology
digital products
advantages and disadvantages
pros and cons(利弊)
生活水平
people's living standard
people's living pace
With people's lifestyle changing
buying power=purchasing power
消费
consume(v) consumption(n)
shoping habits
online shopping
shopping in real stores(实体店买)
the quality of sevice/products
能源，环境
renewable resources
natural resources
energy saving
energy consuming(n)
energy-consuming(a)
ecological balance
environment pollution/protection
法规与意识
laws and rules
awareness
consciousness
工业化，商业化
commerce
industry
education
culture
commercialization
industrialization
全球化，文化交流
glabalize-globalization
cultural integration(文化融合）
cross-cultural communication
例句
For one thing, the department concerned ought to make relevant rules and regulations to protect sth. For another, it is advisable that we (should) appeal to the public to enhance the awareness of sth.
relevant/strict; rules and regulations/ regulations and legislations/ rules and laws; protect/ fight against
Only in this way can the problem be addressed.
Only in this way can the current situation be ameliorated.
第一句
In order to address the problem reflected by the data, it is imperative that effective moves (should) be adopted.
of sth/ to do sth/ of doing sth
With the problem becoming severe, it is hightime that we should take immediate steps to ameliorate the current situation
problem becoming severe=situation becoming urgent/ amliorate(改善）可替换 improve
总结段
趋势
开头
According to the information provided by the chart,
Based on the analysis made above,
With all the factors/ analyses taken into account,
最后
a conclusion can be drawn/made that, in the follwing years, there is a trend for the number of sth to do rise continuously.
tendency/trend; number/portion; rise/fal
the number of sth tends to develop toward a better direction in the coming decades.
rise/fall/develop toward a better direction
可加
Taking an objective and rational attitude toward the changes is crucially important.
changes/trend/tendency
It is necessary that a rational attitude (should) be taken toward the changes unveiled by the data.
被动
小作文写信
称呼
Dear Sir/Madam/Sir or Madam
To Whom it may concern,
Dear John, My friend, Manager, Seceretary
第一段 开门见山30词
As a college student,
As a junior/senior student,
As a member of...
As a loyal reader of ...
Writing this letter to you to express/extend/convey my...
感谢：gratitude for what you did for me when/during....
一定要写为什么感谢
道歉：apology for the loss/inconvenience that I brought to you.
投诉：regret for .........................................................you brought to me.
apology/regret that +句子
其他：Sincere hope that+同从
求职：you can offer me an opportunity to work
找人：you can work for us as a +职位
建议：you can provide me with some suggestions about...
邀请：you can take part in our club/activity of...
询问：you can offer me some information about sth
介绍：I .....................you.............(同上)
号召：you can get actively involved in the move of making donations for the refugees from...
move=activity; regugees灾民
The relevant details are as follows
The relevant arrangements are as follows
My relevant qualifications are as follows
The relevant requirements are as follows
具体细节如下所示
第二段涵盖要点60到70词
第一
First and foremost, the most important ting (that) I want to take into account is sth/that + 句子
To begin with, ....
第二
Secondly, it is also of great importance to pay close attention to sth/the fact that...
第三
Additionally, it is necessary to consider the role played by sth
In addition,
In additon to what was mentioned above,...
不可都用
万能句子
There is no doubt in saying that sth can, in one way or another, play an indispensable role in sth/doing sth
indispensable
Sth/Doing sth is, as a matter of fact, one of the most important factors to sth
to sth--in deciding sth
It is no exaggeration to say that sth/doing sth may, to a large extent, bring a positive influence on ...
感谢信
But for your timely company/assistance, I would not have accomplished my task so smoothly/successfully.
company/assistance; smoothly/successfully
建议信：
It is strongly recommended that you (should) place importance on the role played by sth
place importance on= pay close attention to
号召信
It is high time that we called on everybody to get actively involved in the cativity of making donations for those in need of from the disaster area.
those in need 所需要的人
第三段期待回信
Thank you very much for taking time from your busy schedule to read my letter . I am looking forward to meeting you in the nearest future.
I am looking forward to meeting you in the nearest future.
hearing from you/meeting you; nearest/near
An immediate reply would be highly appreciated.
An immediate reply/ A prompt response; highly/fully
My best wishes to you!
Since the New Year is around the corner, please allow me to wish you a happy New Year!
I sincerely hope that you can find out the solution to the problem in question, before things get worse.
find out/figure to
落尾
Yours truly,
Yours sincerely,
Yours faithfully,
Yours respectfully,
2016
顶格Dear Jack，
Thank you for your congratulations! I am writing this letter to you to offer you some suggestions about how to improve you translation, with the following being the details.
To begin with, the most important thing (that) you have to take into consideration is vocabulary. There is no denying the fact that vocabulary plays an essential role in improving the translation ability. Secondly, importance should be attached to grammar, which is the precondition for translation. Additionally, that practice is vitally important cannot be neglected.
I sincerely hope that my suggestions can be beneficial and constructive. I am looking forward to meeting you in the near future. My best wishes to you!
可换：I sincerely hope that you may find my suggestions beneficial and constructive.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
大作文
抓主要矛盾，写4-6个数字
没有entitle，就不要写标题
13分
As is logically and clearly indicated above, there is an array of statistics showing the relationship between age and working attitude.
As :非限定语从句
People under 40 who are satisfied with their job take up only 16.7%, and people in their 40s who are discontent with their work make up 64%, with the rate of people over 50 who are content rising to 40%.
people:人，用动原; 不满意：are not satisfied
These figures revealed the great influence of age on people's working attitude.(可省)
第一段
So what are the intangible reasons behind the situation mirrored by the chart
intangible 无形的
In the first place, the most important factor to be considered is living pressure. There is no doubt in saying that ，people under 40 are living under great pressure from competition.
竞争与压力
In the next place, we should consider the factor of people's living standard. With people's living standard improving, people over 40 are increasing satisfied with their job and life.
increasing-more and more; job and life-jobs and lifes
It is no exaggeration to say that working attitude can, directly or indirectly, exert a great influence on people's living quailty.
It is no exaggeration to say that : 毫不夸张的说
第二段
In order to ameliorate people's woking attitude, it is advisable that the department concerned in the company should take relevant steps and make strict rules to protect the rights and interests of the stuffs.
Holding a positive attitude toward the current situation is necessary.
第三段
15分
Systematically demonstrated above is a succession of data revealing the subtle but great influence of age on people's working attitude. It can be seen that 83.3% of people are unclear and dissatisfied about/with their job， and 64% of those in their 40s are discontent, with the rate of people over 50 who are sastisfied with their job accounting for 40%. These statistics are thought-provoking.
倒装;对数据有整合;job是泛指，不用S;accounting for 占据
第二篇13
As is clearly illustrated by the bar chart,an array of figures demonstrates the change in the rate of college students doing part-time jobs. It can be found that the number of part-times ascends from 66.77% in the first year to 88.24% in the fourth year, with the rate of students doing part-time jobs in the second and third year occupying 71.13% and 71.93% respecitively.
There are two major reasons contributing to the phenomenon that a growing number of college students are participating in part-time jobs. To begin with, we should consider the fact that doing part-time jobs can, in one way or another, bring a positive influence on the experience and vision of college students. There is no denying the fact that part-time jobs may, to a large extent, broaden our horizon and enrich our experience. In the second place, with the society developing and competition becoming fierce, job-hunting is becoming increasingly difficult, and doing part-time jobs can help college students get better prepared for the furture career development.
With all the analysis taken into consideration, we can come to a conclusion:In the following years, there is a tendency for the number of part-times in colleges to keep rising.It is advisable that an objective and rational attitude be taken toward this tendency.
重点：for to