单词用法总结

Master of humor单元词汇总结思维导图

book4 unit3

• Words
  • Words for recognition
    • Punchline, verbal/nonverbal, mime, comedy/tragedy, (comic/tragic), teens, subtle, tramp, mustache, stiffly, underdog, snowstorm, leather, costume, budget, pancake, detective, mountainous, rhythm, porridge
  • Words for memerization
    • 1. Humor(humorous, humorously, humorless, humorist)(a sense of humor)
    • 2. Bright
      • ~ light, ~ room, a ~ morning, ~ eyes
        • Full of light
          • The west sky/the weather brightened . Her eyes brightened with interest.
      • ~ color, ~ red
        • (of a color) strong and easy to see
          • The flowers brighten (up) the room.
      • A ~ smile, ~ and excited
        • Cheerful and lively
          • He brightened up at the words. A smile brightened her face.
      • A ~ student, ~ idea
        • Intelligent
      • A ~ start, a ~ future, look on the ~ side
        • Promising, likely to be successful
          • The donation brightened the children ’s future.
    • 3. Depress
      • (To make sb sad and without the enthusiasm or hope) the bad weather depressed me./ it depresses me to see teens smoking.
      • (to make trade, business less active) ~ the economy
      • (To make sth lower, to decrease) ~ the price
    • 4. Content
      • n.
        • [ sing ] 主题，内容；含量，容量
        • [ pl. ] 所含之物; ( 书的) 目录
      • adj. ( 只作表语)
        • be satisfied with/to do sth
          • contented adj. 满足的，心安的( 可作表语、定语)A contented person doesn’t create progress.
        • be willing to do sth.
      • v. ~ sb./oneself (with sth.)
    • 5. Perform-performer-performance
    • 6. Astonish v. to surprise sb.) It astonished me that he failed.
      • astonished adj. be ~ at/by sth. be ~ to do
      • astonishing adj.
        • astonishingly adv.
      • astonishment n. to one ’s ~
    • 7. fortune n.
      • [ U ] (chance or luck) Fortune smiled on me.= I had good luck.
      • [ C ] (a large amount of money) make a ~; be worth a ~; fame and ~
        • adj. fortunate
          • adv. fortunately ( 反: un~)
            • n. fortune-teller
      • [ C ] [ usually pl. ] 命运(tell sb ’s ~); 局势(the ~s of the war); 趋势，时运
    • 8. Ordinary adj. ~ people/being; ordinary-looking; in the ~ way
      • n. ordinariness
        • extraordinary=outstanding=remarkable =excellent
          • 辨析: common, usual, normal
    • 9. bore-bored-boring
      • be/get bored with= be tired of=be fed up with
    • 10. entertain v.
      • 款待，招待~ friends, guests
      • 使有兴趣，使快乐，娱乐~ sb with sth; aim to ~ and inform
        • adj. entertaining =interesting and amusing
        • adj. entertained = amused, bright
        • n. entertainment( 娱乐，款待); entertainer( 表演者)
      • 心存，怀有（想法，希望等) ~ hopes/doubt/suspicion...
    • 11. charm
      • n. [ U ] 魔力，魅力，吸引力(a man of great ~); [ C ] 迷人的特征，妩媚(physical ~s=beauty)
      • v. 吸引，迷住; (be ~ed by; ~ sb into doing sth) 保护，控制(lead a charmed life 吉人天相，命好)
        • adj. charmed 着迷的，喜悦的；charming 令人着迷的，吸引人的
    • 12. throughout
      • prep. ~ history, life(time); ~ the world=all over, across(place)
      • adv. 自始至终；遍及
    • 13. Homeless adj. -homelessness
      • -less: careless, hopeless, sleepless, helpless, penniless, worthless, valueless, endless, breathless...(-ful)
        • homeland, hometown, homepage, homesick, homemade, homely( 如在家一样舒适的；家常的；长相平庸的)
    • 14. Worn adj. (of a thing) 用坏的，磨破的；(of a person)tired, exhausted, whacked
      • Worn out adj. 陈旧的，破烂的，疲惫的( 作表语) ；worn-out=outworn( 作前置定语) ：outworn idea, custom, building, equipment...
        • 不规则动词变化：swear, tear, bear, wear
    • 15. fail
      • 失败，未能做~ to do sth 反：succeed in doing/manage to do
        • failure: [ U ] 失败；[ C ] 失败的人或事；未做，未履行
          • failing [ usually pl. ] : weakness 缺点，弱点
            • IDM: (or)failing that: 如果不能的话；without fail: 务必，必定；never fail to do: 总是，一定会(you never fail to get what you want as long as you do your best.); if all else fails: 实在不行的话
      • 不及格~ the test, exam 反：pass
      • (of a machine) 出故障，失灵
        • 故障，失灵engine/power ~
      • (of health, sight)衰退法failing health 日益恶化的健康
        • heart/kidney ~ 衰竭
      • 使失望，辜负，无能为力(her courage failed her 她鼓不起勇气；words ~ me 我无法表达自己的感受)
      • 倒闭，破产
        • 倒闭
      • 缺乏，不足the rains failed; the crops failed
        • 歉收
    • 16. optimistic - optimistically - optimism- optimist( 反：pessimistic- pessimistically - pessimism - pessimist)
    • 17. overcome-overcame-overcome = defeat, get the better of, get over 战胜，克服(~ difficulties, obstacle, injury, differences, poverty, temptation )
      • Be overwhelmed/overcome by emotion(shame, fear, despair, grief/sorrow, boredom) 充满... ，十分.. . ；be overcome by smoke : 被烟呛/ 熏死
        • overcomer : 得胜者
    • 18. chew v. & n. 咀嚼，嚼碎；细想，深思(He tends to chew things over too much. Let me chew on/over the idea.)(chew the fat: chat)
      • chewy: 难嚼的，耐嚼的；chewable: 可咀嚼的
    • 19. mouthful n. 一口，满口 a ~ of
      • roomful, handful, armful, cupful, spoonful, canful...)
    • 20. enjoy - enjoyable(令人愉快的，有乐趣的) - enjoyment
    • 21. Convince v. (persuade) 使确信，说服~ sb/oneself of sth; ~ sb to do sth; ~ sb that...
      • convinced: 深信的，确信的(sure)( 只作表语) be ~ of/that( 反：un~); 虔诚的，坚定不移的( 只作前置定语)
      • convincing adj. 有说服力的，令人信服的(~ evidence, explanation)(persuasive)
        • convincible adj. 可说服的，易劝的(persuadable)
    • 22. direct
      • V.
        • ~sth to/towards/at/against sb 把... 指向，对准，集中于...(direct one ’s attention to)
          • (purpose, aim) [ U ] ( 总体) 目标，目的(be lacking in ~ 缺乏目的，没有方向)
        • 管理，监督，指导~ project, operation...
          • direction 管理，指导(under the ~ /guidance of)
        • 导演，指挥~ a film, play, choir
          • direction 导演，指导
            • director 导演，指挥；主任，主管；董事
        • 指路，领路~ sb to sp
          • direction 方向，趋向(in ...~, in the ~ of..., in all ~s, sense of ~)方面(from a ...~)
            • directionless adj. 没有方向的，没有目标的
        • 指示，命令(command, order) ~ sb to do sth; ~ that sb (should) do sth
          • directions [ usually pl. ] =instructions 说明书，操作指南，旅行指南
            • directive 指示，命令
      • adj.
        • 直接的，亲自的，亲身的（~ contact, result, experiences...）
          • 反：indirect
        • 笔直的，径直的(straight) (a ~ route, flight, hit直接命中)
          • directly
            • adv. 直接地(straight)(~ affect, be ~ responsible ) 正好，恰好(exactly) 立刻马上(shortly, immediately)
            • conj. (as soon as)I went home ~ I finished my work.
              • 一... 就... 的表达方式：连词as soon as, the moment/minute/instant, directly/immediately/instantly, no sooner...than.../hardly...when...(hardly/no sooner had I finished my work when/than I went home.); 介词on/upon
        • ～ sunlight 直射的
        • (exact) 正好，恰好的 ~ opposite
        • 直率的，坦率的(a ~ answer, manner)
      • adv.
        • 直接，径直，亲自(go/fly ~ to; deal with sb ~ 直接和某人打交道)( 只放动词后面)
    • 23. Star
      • n. ( 恒) 星(falling ~; lodestar/Pole Star; ) 星状物，星号；星级(five-star hotel) 明星(megastar=superstar, all-star) 主角，主演；最优秀者
        • starry(~ sky/night( 反：a starless sky), ~ eyes( 闪闪发光的，明亮的))
          • starry-eyed adj. 过分乐观的，幻想的(be ~ about sth; a ~ man) starlike; starlight
      • v. 主演( ~ in a play/movie/) ；使... 主演，由... 主演( 无被动)(a movie starring Tom Cruise) 标星号(read the starred part)
    • 24. Confident adj. 自信的，有信心的(be ~ about/that) 确信的，有把握的(sure)(be ~ of/that)
      • confidently =with confidence; un~; confidence (faith)(have ~ in; win/gain build up ~; lose ~; lack ~/a lack of ~)
    • 25. Gesture
      • n. 手势，姿势，示意动作；(make a ~; communicate by ~) ；( 表明感情或意图的) 姿态，表示(a ~ of goodwill 善意)
      • v. 做手势，用动作示意(~ to sb to do/that)
    • 26. Particular
      • adj. 专指的，特指的(specific)(a ~ type, person 前置定语) 不寻常的，特别的，格外的(special)(pay ~ attention to; of ~ interest 前置定语) 挑剔的，讲究的(fussy, picky)( be ~ about/over st h)
        • adv. particularly 尤其，特别(especially)= in particular (not particularly = not very 不怎么...)
      • n. [ pl. ] 细节，详情(details)
        • particularity n. 特质，独特性
    • 27. Occasion n. 时刻，时机，场合，特别的事情( on this/that ~; on no ~ 绝不；on the ~ of 在... 的时候；on occasion(s) 偶尔，有时)(a special/memorable ~; mark the ~ with/by 用... 来庆祝这一时刻)
      • occasional adj. 偶尔的，临时的
        • occasionally adv. = on occasions = sometimes = at times = from time to time = once in a while = (every)now and then/again
    • 28. Actress word family: act-active-action-activity-actor/ actress - react -reaction-interact-interaction
    • 29. Slide
      • （slid, slid) v. 滑动，滑行(~ down); 溜，钻( 快速悄声移动，同slip); 降落，衰退
      • n. 滑动，滑行(go into a ~ 打滑) ；滑梯；衰落，降低(on the slide/decrease/decline) ；山/ 石/ 土崩(landslide) ；幻灯片
    • 30. Amuse( 逗笑，使娱乐，消遣)-amused-amusing-amusement(to one’s ~; with ~; ~ park)
    • 31. Explanation n. (offer/provide a decent/reasonable ~ for...; ) 陈述，解释，说明
      • explain v. (~ sth to sb) j解释，说明
        • explainable adj. 可解释的，可说明的
    • 32. Whisper n. & v. 耳语，低声说(murmur) 造谣，谣言(rumor)
      • in a whisper/in whispers 低声地，小声地；~ in one's ear ；It is whispered that... 人们私下说；whispered message 小道消息
        • whisperer n. 窃窃私语的人，告密者
    • 33. Vast adj. 广阔的，巨大的，大量的(enormous, huge, immense) (a ~ area of; a ~ crowd; a ~ amount of; in ~ numbers 大量的
    • 34. Mess
      • n. [ C usually sing] 脏乱，不整洁(in a ~; make a mess; what a mess) 困境，麻烦，混乱(difficulty., trouble)(get into the ~; sort out the ~ 收拾残局；in a mess 陷入困境) 不整洁，邋遢的人；粪便a mess of 许多，大量的
        • messy adj. 脏乱的，邋遢的，混乱的(chaotic, untidy )( 状况) 难以处理的，令人厌烦的
          • messily adv.
            • messiness n.
      • v. 弄脏，弄乱~up 搞糟，陷入困境
    • 35. React=respond (to sth 对... 作出反应，回应)(~ to sth( 食物，药物等) 起不良反应)(~ against 反对，反抗)
      • reaction n. 反应，回应；不良反应，副作用；抗拒(against) ；化学反应(in reaction/response/reply to 作为对... 的回应)(chain reaction; mixed reaction 不同反应，意见不一)
    • 36. Drunk
      • adj. 喝醉的(get/be ~; ~ with 陶醉于，沉醉于，飘飘然(~ with success) ；~ driving)
        • drunken adj. 喝醉的(只作前置定语)
          • drunkenly adv. 醉醺醺地，东倒西歪地
            • drunkenness n. 醉酒
      • n. 醉汉，酒鬼( 同drunkard)
        • drink up 喝完drink to(toast) 为... 干杯；drink in sth 陶醉于，尽情地欣赏
  • Words for comprehension and use
    • 3. Depress
      • (To make sb sad and without the enthusiasm or hope) the bad weather depressed me./ it depresses me to see teens smoking.
      • (to make trade, business less active) ~ the economy
      • (To make sth lower, to decrease) ~ the price
• Phrases
  • Up to now/the present ＝so far ＝until now 到目前为止（现在完成时的标志）
    • up to 达到... ；up to date 最新的，现代的；up to speed 跟上进度，了解事态；up to ears/eyes(in) 忙于，深陷于；up to sb 由某人决定
  • Badly off 穷困的，境况不佳的，缺乏的(for sth)
    • 反：well off 小康社会：well off society) 比较级：worse off /better off （Worse off than some, better off than many. ）
  • Pick out 挑选出，辨别出
    • Pick up
      • Wind/trade/sales pick up 增强，增长
      • Pick up sth 捡起，拿起
        • Pick up the phone;接电话 pick up signal/sound/image( 接收到） Pick up bad habits ( 染上) Pick up Spanish ( 偶然学会) Pick up a cold ( 感染，得) Pick up the bill付账 Pick up speed加速 Pick up the pieces 恢复，收拾残局
      • Pick up sb( 开车) 接，搭载某人 Pick up survivors 营救 Pick oneself up 站起来，振作起来
    • Pick and choose 精挑细选 Pick holes in sth挑毛病，找漏洞 Pick one's pocket 扒窃
  • Cut 短语
    • Cut across/through 抄近道
    • Cut sb/sth down 杀死，砍倒；cut sth down to 缩减到；cut down on smoking
    • Cut in (on) sth 插嘴；抢道
    • Cut off 中断，停止，砍掉，阻碍
    • Cut up 剪碎
• Sentences
  • 1. Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.
  • Not that Charlie’s own life was easy
  • 2.      No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining
  • 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie wastaught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk
  • 2. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between
  • 3. Up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with lives.
  • 4、Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off
  • 7、He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world
  • 8、Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak
  • 3.      Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat
  • 10 、Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. 卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。
  • 12 、Sometimes other people can get caught in the fun too
• Grammar
  • V. ing 作表语，定语
• Brightness
• Depressed, depressing, depression
• 同：surprise, amaze