Proofreading and Editing

The mindmap about what, when, why and how of the topic.

Proofreading &Editing

• What is proofreading?
  • 1. Proofreading is a process of checking and correcting text for errors to ensure accuracy, readability, and consistency.
  • 2. Proofreading's goal is to find and correct errors in grammar, spelling, punctuation and formatting.
  • 3. Proofreading helps to improve the readability and professionalism of the text and to avoid misunderstandings and confusion caused by errors
• When to proofreading?
  • After finishing writing an article.
• What is editing?
  • 1. Editing is the process of reviewing and correcting written, audio, or visual material to improve its quality, accuracy, and effectiveness.
  • 2. Editing may involve tasks such as grammar checking, spell checking, proofreading, formatting, and others.
  • 3. Editing is done for various purposes such as writing books, creating reports, writing articles, developing web pages, etc.
  • 4. Editing is an important step in the communication process because it ensures that information is accurately and effectively
• How to edit?
  • By using the proofreading sheet to find your error and using the knowledge you have to correct your work.
• Why we need Editing?
  • 1. To help us know where we need improve in the writing and which part that we need to learn.
  • 2. To help us get a batter score.
• Steps
• Why we need to do the proofreading?
  • To check the sentence error.
    • What is Sentence?
      • A sentence whether short or long, must express a complete idea.
      • A complete sentence must consist of at least one independent clause.
    • Sentence Patterns
      • Subject+Verb
        • eg: The bell rang.
      • Subject+Verb+Object
        • eg: She likes eggs.
      • Subject+Verb+Adjective
        • eg: She was sick.
      • Subject+Verb+Adverb
        • eg: He run fast.
      • Subject+Verb+Noun
        • eg: They are teachers.
      • • eg: I(S) met(Predicate) my best(Attribute) friend(O) at the station yesterday(Adverbial) .
    • Common sentence error
      • 1. Run-on sentence (comma splices & fused sentences)
      • 2. Sentence Fragment
      • 3. Rambling Sentence
      • 4. Capital Latter
      • 5. Punctuation
      • 6. Subject-verb Agreement
      • 7. Grammar
      • 8. Spelling
  • Sentence Formation
    • • Simple Sentence
        • A simple sentence has just one independent clause.
          • eg: Tom and Mary play tennis.
    • Compound Sentence
      • A compound sentence has at least two independent clauses. a. Contains two subjects and two predicates. b. Contains two complete thoughts.
        • 1. eg: Winter is coming,but I am not going travelling anywhere.
      • A conjunction is used to combine the two clauses: F.A.N.B.O.Y.S. (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
      • Option 1: comma and coordinating conjunction Option 2: semi-colon Option 3: semi-colon and conjunctive adverb
        • eg: 1. The water is cold, so swimming is discouraged. 2. The water is cold; swimming is discouraged. 3. The water is cold; therefore, swimming is discouraged.
        • Conjunctive adverbs: moreover, however, otherwise, and therefore etc.
    • Complex Sentence
      • A complex sentence has one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
        • eg: When the cake is broken, [dependent clause] ( This can’t stand alone as a sentence.) remove it from the oven. [independent clause] ( This can stand alone as a sentence.)
        • A dependent clause follows a conjunction. subordinating conjunction: when, after, before, until, as soon as , while if / unless/ because / although/ so that... (adverbial clause) which , that, who , whom + attributive clause (attributive clause)
  • Four Types of Sentence
• How to do well in proofreading?
  • 1. Read more times of the essay or sentences that you write.
  • 2. Ask the teacher, parents, classmate or your friends to help you check your writing.
  • Tips
    • 1. Mark the error that you see in your writing whileas you are doing the proofreading.
    • 2. Take a break after you finishing writing to help fresh your mind.
    • 3. Have the proofreading marking sheat with you while you are doing the proofreading.