英语教学法Language and Language Learning

英语教学法第一章语言与语言学习思维导图，语言是人类交际所使用的一种任意的声音符号系统。

Language and Language Learning

• What is Language?
  • Language is a system of arbitary vocal symbols used for human communication.
• Views on Language
  • Structural view 结构观
    • Key Words: system、rules、structure
    • Main Points: phonology 音位学、morphology 词汇学、syntax 句法学
    • Eg. 构词法授课：词根+词缀
  • Functional view 功能观
    • Key Words: notion、function
    • Main Points: a means for doing things; to express notions that perform the functions
    • Eg. 日常生活中的打招呼 say hi
  • Interactional view 交互观
    • Key Words: tool、contexts
    • Main Points: Language has many ways to express. Language to be a communicative tool. Whether the language can achieve the purpose of communication.
    • Eg. Say different things on different occasions and change the way you express them.
• Views on language and learning in general
  • Behaviourist theory 行为主义
    • Representative figures：Skinner 斯金纳
    • Key Words: stimulus、response、reinforcement
    • Main points: Language is also a form of behaviour.
  • Cognitive theory 认知主义
    • Representative figures：Noam Chomsky 乔姆斯基
    • Main Points: intricate rule-based system、produce language
    • Key Point: students are asked to think rather than simply repeat.
  • Constructivist theory 建构主义
    • Representative figures：John Dewey 杜威
    • Main Points: proces constructs meaning、his/her own experiences、what learners already knew 旧基础上建构新知
    • Eg. KWL: knowledge、want、learned
  • Social-constructivist theory 社会建构主义
    • Representative figures：Vygotsky 维果斯基
    • Main Points：interaction and engagement、in a social context、Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) 最近发展区（跳一跳，够得着）、scaffolding 支架理论
    • Eg. 小组合作、自主合作探究、阅读圈 reading circle
• What makes a good language teacher?（对标“四有”好老师）
  • Ethic devotion 道德情操
  • Professional qualities 扎实学识
  • Personal styles 个人风格（仁爱之心）
• How can one become a good language teacher?
  • Stage1: Language development
    • Knowledge
    • Skills（综合技能+独立技能：听说读写）
  • Stage2: Learning
    • Direct learning: Own experiences
    • Indirect learning
      • Others's experiences
      • Received knowledge( needs Practice+Reflection)
  • Goal: Professional competence