导图社区 英语四大时态学习思维导图
对英语一般现在时、现在进行时、一般将来时、一般过去时四大时态定义、特点、结构、注意事项等进行总结分析,方便学习、便于记忆!
编辑于2024-06-24 15:46:56四大时态
一般现在时 (表示经常性、习惯性、永久性的动作或存在的状态)
经常、习惯性的动作,即表示经常“做什么”。(含实义动词) I usually go to school by car. 我经常坐车去学校。
标志词/时间状语: 常与often(经常),sometimes(有时),always(总是),usually(通常)等副词连用。 也经常与every day(每天), every week(每周), every month(每月), every term(每学期), every year(每年), once a week(一周一次),twicea year(一年两次)等时间状语连用。
肯定句结构:主语+动词(原形/三单)+其它
动词的三单变化
1)一般现在时句子中,当主语是第三人称单数时,动词也要用第三人称单数形式。(主三单,动三单) 其中三单主语包括:he, she, it, Tom(单数名词),water(不可数名词)等
2)动词如何变成第三人称单数形式?
一般动词后加-s:look-looks,want-wants, eat-eats
以s、x、o、ch、sh 结尾,后加es:go-goes, kiss-kisses, watch-watches
以辅音字母+y 结尾的单词,变y 为i,再加-es:fly-flies, study-studies
特殊变化:have-has
经常、习惯性或永久性存在的状态,即表示“是什么”。 (含be 动词)He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。
肯定句结构:主语+ be 动词(am, is, are)+其它
要注意be 动词的搭配: be 动词,三兄弟。am, is, are, 是是是。I 接am,you 接are,is 接着he/she/it。 单数is 复数are,不可数词也接is。 例:Tom is a fat boy. 汤姆是一个胖男孩。We are good friends forever. 我们永远是朋友。
一般现在时的句型转换
一般疑问句:Be(am is are)+主语;把be动词提前;Is she a student?
否定句:主语+be(am is are)+not;在be后加not;She is not a student.
句子含有实义动词:找助动词do, does, don't, doesn't. 难点:助动词一出现,后面动词现原型。 肯定句:She has a little brother. 疑问句:Does she have a little brother? 否定句:She doesn't have a little brother.
一般过去时 (表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态)
标志性词:yesterday morning/afternoon/evening;the day before yesterday(前天);last 系列: last night/week/Sunday/month...;时间段+ago: three days ago, ten years ago...;this morning;just now(刚才)
第1 类情况:(含实义动词)
肯定句:主语+动词过去式 My father had a cold yesterday. 我爸爸昨天感冒了。
否定句:主语+助动词did+not+动原(在主语后加didn′t,动词还原)My father didn't have a cold yesterday. 我爸爸昨天没感冒。
一般疑问句:助动词Did+主语+动原(在句首加Did,动词还原)Did your father have a cold yesterday? 你爸爸昨天感冒了吗?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ 助动词did + 主语+ 动原+其它 What did your father do yesterday? 你爸爸昨天做什么了?
第2 类情况:(含be 动词)
肯定句:主语+ was/were +其它 She was in the playground just now. 她刚刚在操场上。
否定句:主语+ was/were +not+其它 She wasn't in the playground just now. 她刚刚不在操场上。
一般疑问句:Was/Were + 主语+其它 Was she in the playground just now? 她刚刚在操场上吗?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were +主语+其它 Where was she just now? 她刚刚在哪儿?
动词过去式的变化规则
一般情况下,加ed 如:work-worked,stay-stayed
以不发音的e 结尾,加d 如:live-lived,hope-hoped
以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变y 为i 加ed 如: study-studied, carry-carried
以重读闭音节结尾的动词且末尾只有一个辅音字母,双写尾字母,加ed 如:stop-stopped,plan-planned
不规则变化 如:have/has-had, do-did,go-went, see-saw,get-got, make-made
现在进行时 (表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作或存在的状态)
标志性词:now, look, listen, at the moment, at this time
肯定句:主语+be 动词(am is are)+动词ing形式+其他
My mother is cooking dinner now. 我妈妈现在在做晚饭。
一般疑问句:Be 动词(am is are)+主语+动词ing形式+其他(把be动词提前)
Is she having an English lesson? 她正在上英语课吗? Yes, she is. / No, she isn't.
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be 动词(am is are)+ 主语+动词ing 形式+其他?
What is he doing now? 他现在在做什么?
否定句:主语+be 动词(am is are)+not+动词ing形式+其他(在be 后加not)
They aren't doing homework now. 他们现在没有在写作业。
动词ing 形式的变化规则
一般情况下直接加ing (直):sleep---sleeping;study---studying
以不发音的字母e 结尾的单词, 去掉字母e,再加ing (去):come---coming;make---making
以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现“辅+元+辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing (双):stop---stopping;get---getting
一般将来时 (表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态)
标志性词:next……, ……later, in two hours, tomorrow, tonight, soon, in the future
一般将来时态的结构
第1类:wil+动原
肯定句:主语+will+动词原形;主语+be going to+动原;注意缩写:will = 'll;They'll go shopping next Friday.
否定句:主语+will+not+动原(在will 后加not 缩写won′t);They won't go shopping next Friday.
一般疑问句:Will+主语+动原(把will 提前);Will they go shopping next Friday?
第2 类:be going to + 动原
肯定句:主语+ be 动词+ going to + 动原+其它. 如:They are going to have an English test next week.
否定句:主语+ be 动词+ not +going to+动原+其它. 如:They aren't going to have an English test next week.
一般疑问句:Be 动词+ 主语+ going to+动原+其它? 如:Are they going to have an English test next week?
特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ be 动词+ 主语+going to+动原+其它? 如:What are they going to do next week?
第3 类:现在进行时表将来
这类情况主要用于表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作或事件,常表示最近或较近的将来,有“意图”、“安排”或“打算”,常用肯定句,如come, go, leave 等。
They are coming here this afternoon. 今天下午他们要来这儿。 When are you going to Beijing? 你准备什么时候去北京?
第4 类:plan to + 动词原形:We plan to go shopping tomorrow. 我们打算明天去购物。He plans to meet an old friend next week. 他计划下周去见一个老朋友。
1>plan to 本身就有表示将来的意思,所以不与will 或be going to 连用。 2>如果句中有表示将来的时间词,plan to 要用一般现在时表将来。
拓展
拓展一:will 和be going to 的区别
1>will 表示较远的将来,而be going to 表示较近的将来。如:There will be a strong wind in a few days. 几天后将有一场大风。It is going to snow tonight. 今晚要下雪。
2>will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情,而be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情。如:He will be twenty years old. 他将要20 岁了。Look at the clouds outside. It is going to rain. 看外面的云,天要下雨了。
3>be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而will 则没有这个意思。如:She is going to plant trees. 她准备去种树。
4>注意:will 和be going to 不能混用 ( × ) He will be going to read a book tomorrow.
拓展二:There be 句型的一般将来时结构
1>There will be + 名词+ 其他. 如:There will be a football match tomorrow.
2>There is/are going to be + 名词+ 其他. 如:There is going to be a birthday party next Sunday.
3>注意:There be 句型不能与have 混用。( × ) There will have a new city in the future. ( √ ) There will be a new city in the future.