导图社区 动词
英语兔讲述动词的相关内容,主要包括动词的时态,情态动词的概述、基本含义及其用法,还有动词的分类等内容。
编辑于2021-10-28 10:28:41动词时态
过去时态
一般时
过去某一特定时间发生的状态或动作,常与yesterday, last year等表示过去的时间状语连用。 I did my homework yesterday. 表示过去某一时间内经常或反复发生的动作,would/used to do句型。 It is (high) time ...,或I would rather...后的从句谓语用过去式,表示与现在/将来事实相反。 It is time we had a rest.
V + ed
注意:不规则变化
进行时
表示过去某一时间点正在做某事,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。 When he called me yesterday,I was having dinner. 表示过去将要发生的动作。 He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
was/were + V现分
完成时
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。 “过去的过去”,即过去某一时间或动作之前就已经完成了的动作;用by, at , before等构成的短语以及由when, befor引导的从句或上下文表示。 用在间接引语或宾语从句中的过去时动词后,表示动作发生之前就已完成。 She wondered who had left the door open.
had + V过分
完成进行时
had + been + V过分
现在时态
一般时
表达客观事实或真理。 The earth moves around the sun. 表达习重复/惯性动作,其通常与often,always,usually,once a week等时间状语连用。 He often helps othere. 表示预计发生的事。 The plane takes off at 10 AM. 在连词when,as soon as, before, until, if引导的时间或条件状语从句。(主将从现:时间/条件状语从句中,主句一般将来时,从句一般现在时。) When I grow up,I‘ll be a nurse. 格言或警句。 Pride goes before a fall. 名词性从句使用一般现在时表将来。
V原或V原+s
进行时
表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。I am watching TV. 表示现阶段正在进行的动作,可能此时此刻不一定在进行中。The Chinese are eating more meat now than they used to. 在时间、条件状语从句中,有时也可用进行时代替将来时。 短暂性动词 感官动词 感觉动词 占有 存在类动词 认知类
am/is/are + V现在分词
完成时
for +一段时间。(for 后可跟具体时间也可以是泛指的时间) It is the first/second/third time + that从句。 since + 表示过去的时间单词或句子。 Lily has been sick since yesterday. How long 表示多长时间,多久。 How long have you learnt Chinese? have gone to 去而不归 have been to 去过已经回来
have/has + V过去分词
完成进行时
表示从过去开始的动作一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去。 We have been learing English for ten years.
have/has + been + V过去分词
将来时态
一般时
表示计划、安排将要发生的动作,如:go, come, leave ,begin等。 she will arrive tomorrow. "be going to + V原"表示打算做某事,或目前迹象表明要发生某事。 “be about to +V原”表示即将发生的动作,不能和具体的时间状语连用。 “be to +V原”表示按计划、安排将要做某事。 “be due to do sth”表示按计划或时间,将要发生的事情。
will + V原或be going to + V原
进行时
表示某个时间点正在做的事情。 I will be doing homework this time tomorrow. 表示将来某时确定发生的事情。 He'll be studying at school next year.
will + be + V现分
完成时
表示到将来某个时间为止,某件事已经完成,常与by, before构成的短语或引导的状语连用。 By the time you arrive in London,we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.
will + have + V过分
完成进行时
will + have + been + V过分
过去将来
一般时
would + V原或was/were + going to + V原
进行时
would + be + V现分
完成时
would + have + V过分
完成进行时
would + have + been + V现分
动词
谓语动词
主+谓
不及物动词; 结构:主语+动词
主+谓+宾
单及物动词; 结构:主语+动词+宾语
主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
双及物动词; 结构:主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
主+谓+宾+宾补
混合及物动词; 结构:主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语
主+谓+表
系动词; 结构:主语+动词+表语
助动词
时间状态(时态),语气,否定,被动,可能,义务。
非谓语动词
动词不定式;to do
现在分词;-ing
动名词;-ing
过去分词;-ed
情态动词
概述
给谓语动词添加感情色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法。
用法
不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。 情态动词+V原
表“推测”
绝大多数情态动词可以表“推测“,但其程度有所差异。 must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could > may > might must have done”表肯定的推测” The road is wet.It must have rained yesterday. can’t have done “表对过去的否定推测” He can’t have said such a foolish thing. could/may/might have done ”或许已经做过了某事” Mr.Lin didn’t come to work,so he might have been ill.
对现在或将来的推测,情态动词+动词原形
对过去的推测,情态动词+have done
基本含义及其用法
1.can & could & be able to “能”
表示能力
表示许可;表“许可“时can与may可互换
表示语气婉转,使用could
can 和 be able to 表示能力
can:强调自身的能力,只有现在式和过去式 be able to :强调通过努力而获得的能力,有多种事态(be) Can you see it these? He is/was/will be able to help you.
2.may & might “可以”
表示允许或征询对方许可 You may use my dictionary.
3.must & have to “必须
must :无时态变化; 否定:needn’t
mustn’t:”不准,不许可或禁止”
have to :有时态变化
4.should do& ought to do ”应该”,但out to 语气更强一些。
5.shall & will “将”
6.need “需要”
情态动词 He needn’t worry about us now. 实义动词 You need to practice reading aloud everday. 主语为物时,可用主动表被动 My bike needs repairing.==My bike needs to be repaired.
7.had better ”最好”
肯定:had better do sth
否定:had better no do sth
8.would & used to “过去常常做某事“
表示”过去反复发生的动作“
I used to play cards a lot,but now I seldom play.
委婉地提出建议、请示
Would you like sth?或Would you like to do sth? Would you like to do moring exercise? Would like to do sth.”需要,愿意做某事” I would like to take a taxi.
使用于虚拟语气中
could
could have done “能做的事,却没有做”
couldn’t have done “无能力做的事,但做到了”
need
needn’t have done “过去不需要做,但做了”
should
should/ought to have done “该做的,没有做”
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done“不该做的,却做了”
might
might have done “有可能做的事,却没有做”
might have done “本不可能做的事,但做了”
复杂句
主句+从句(“套娃”,从属关系)
复合句
简单句+简单句(两个简单句并列组成,并列关系)
词类
名词 Nouns 冠词 Articles 代词 Pronouns 形容词 Adjectives 数词 Numerals 副词 Adverbs 介词 Prepositions 叹词 Interjections 连词 Conjunctions 动词 Verbs
时态
特殊用法
表示想法或打算的动词,如hope, want,intend等的过去完成时,其后+to do ,表示未曾实现的想法。
eg: I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on.
一....就....:no sooner + 过去完成时+ than+一般过去时;hardly + 过去完成时+when +一般过去时.
eg: I had no sooner called him than I got home. They had hardly told you the news when they got it.
It was the first time +过去完成时.
It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog.
特例
use to do ;过去常常做某事,现在已经不做了
be use to do ;被用来做某事
get/become/be used to doing;习惯于做某事
would rather sb did sth. 宁愿某人做某事
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
动词时态
过去时态
一般时
过去某一特定时间发生的状态或动作,常与yesterday, last year等表示过去的时间状语连用。I did my homework yesterday. 表示过去某一时间内经常或反复发生的动作,would/used to do句型。 It is (high) time ...,或I would rather...后的从句谓语用过去式,表示与现在/将来事实相反。It is time we had a rest.
V + ed
注意:不规则变化
进行时
表示过去某一时间点正在做某事,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。When he called me yesterday,I was having dinner. 表示过去将要发生的动作。He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon.
was/were + V现分
完成时
表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句中。 “过去的过去”,即过去某一时间或动作之前就已经完成了的动作;用by, at , before等构成的短语以及由when, befor引导的从句或上下文表示。 用在间接引语或宾语从句中的过去时动词后,表示动作发生之前就已完成。She wondered who had left the door open.
had + V过分
完成进行时
had + been + V过分
现在时态
一般时
V原或V原+s
进行时
am/is/are + V现在分词
完成时
have/has + V过去分词
完成进行时
have/has + been + V过去分词
将来时态
一般时
will + V原或be going to + V原
进行时
will + be + V现分
完成时
will + have + V过分
完成进行时
will + have + been + V过分
过去将来
一般时
would + V原或was/were + going to + V原
进行时
would + be + V现分
完成时
would + have + V过分
完成进行时
would + have + been + V现分
特例
use to do ;过去常常做某事,现在已经不做了
be use to do ;被用来做某事
get/become/be used to doing;习惯于做某事
would rather sb did sth. 宁愿某人做某事
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
词类
名词 Nouns 冠词 Articles 代词 Pronouns 形容词 Adjectives 数词 Numerals 副词 Adverbs 介词 Prepositions 叹词 Interjections 连词 Conjunctions 动词 Verbs
复合句
简单句+简单句(两个简单句并列组成,并列关系)
复杂句
主句+从句(“套娃”,从属关系)
时态
特殊用法
表示想法或打算的动词,如hope, want,intend等的过去完成时,其后+to do ,表示未曾实现的想法。
I had meant to go on Monday but have stayed on.
一....就....:no sooner + 过去完成时+ than+一般过去时;hardly + 过去完成时+when +一般过去时.
eg: I had no sooner called him than I got home. They had hardly told you the news when they got it.
It was the first time +过去完成时.
It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog.
动词语气
称述语气
描述现实 The rabbit ate the carrrot.
祈使语气
命令/请求 Rabbit,eat the carrot. 绝大数情况下: 使用第二人称(“你”)并使用一般现在时态; 去掉“你”,并保证V原 You eat the carrot!>>>Eat the carrot! You don't eat it!>>>Don't eat it! You are quiet!>>>>Be quiet!
虚拟语气
表示“不可能”假设
与现在事实相反或主观意愿
条件句:过去式 主句:would + V原 If I knew it, I would tell you. 如果我现在知道(但实际我不知道),我现在会告诉你。
与将来可能性较小的事实相反
条件语句中的虚拟语气词:should + V原 主句中使用:would V原 If should meet thee after long years,how should I greet thee? 万一将来我们重逢了,我又该如何面对你?
与过去事实相反
条件句:had + V过去分词 主句:would have + V过去分词 If I had watched this video before,I would have aced my test.
表示愿望,请求,建议,命令等
希望某个动作/事件发生
对现在的愿望
wish + V过去式 I wish that I were a rabbit.
对过去的愿望
wish had/would have + V过去式 I wish (that) I had eaten carrot.
对将来的愿望
wish should + V过去式 I wish should (that) I could the carrot.
疑问语气
条件语气
感叹语气
情态动词
概述
给谓语动词添加感情色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法。
用法
不能单独作谓语,必须接动词原形。 情态动词+V原
表“推测”
绝大多数情态动词可以表“推测“,但其程度有所差异。 must > will > would > ought to > should > can > could > may > might must have done”表肯定的推测” The road is wet.It must have rained yesterday. can’t have done “表对过去的否定推测” He can’t have said such a foolish thing. could/may/might have done ”或许已经做过了某事” Mr.Lin didn’t come to work,so he might have been ill.
对现在或将来的推测,情态动词+动词原形
对过去的推测,情态动词+have done
基本含义及其用法
1. can & could & be able to “能”
表示能力
表示许可;表“许可“时can与may可互换
表示语气婉转,使用could
can 和 be able to 表示能力
can:强调自身的能力,只有现在式和过去式 be able to :强调通过努力而获得的能力,有多种事态(be) Can you see it these? He is/was/will be able to help you.
2. may & might “可以”
表示允许或征询对方许可 You may use my dictionary.
3. must & have to “必须
must :无时态变化; 否定:needn’t
mustn’t:”不准,不许可或禁止”
have to :有时态变化
4. should do& ought to do ”应该”,但out to 语气更强一些。
5. shall & will “将”
6. need “需要”
情态动词 He needn’t worry about us now. 实义动词 You need to practice reading aloud everday. 主语为物时,可用主动表被动 My bike needs repairing.==My bike needs to be repaired.
7. had better ”最好”
肯定:had better do sth
否定:had better no do sth
8. would & used to “过去常常做某事“
表示”过去反复发生的动作“
I used to play cards a lot,but now I seldom play.
委婉地提出建议、请示
Would you like sth?或Would you like to do sth? Would you like to do moring exercise? Would like to do sth.”需要,愿意做某事” I would like to take a taxi.
使用于虚拟语气中
could
could have done “能做的事,却没有做”
couldn’t have done “无能力做的事,但做到了”
need
needn’t have done “过去不需要做,但做了”
should
should/ought to have done “该做的,没有做”
shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done “不该做的,却做了”
might
might have done “有可能做的事,却没有做”
might have done “本不可能做的事,但做了”