teaching vocabuary

王蔷教学法第八章词汇教学，包括1.what does knowing a word involve? 2.how can we present new vocabulary? 3.effective ways to consolidate vocabulary 4. how do we help students develop vocabulary learning strategies四部分。

unit 8 teaching vocabulaary

• 1. what does knowing a word involve?
  • ①knowing a word means knowing pronunciation and stress
  • ② spelling and grammatical properties
  • ③. meaning
    • denotative meaning: those words that we use to label things as regarded as real objects., usually the primary meaning of a word e.g. a name or a sign
    • connotative meaning: the attitudes or emotions of a language user in choosing a word and the influence of these on the listener or readeer's ine=terpretation of the word e.g. dog--loyalty and friendship
  • ④. how and when to use it to express intended meaning
  • ⑤ sense relations ：collocations, synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms
  • ⑥what's more
    • according to Hedge, knowing a word involves at least two aspeccts
      • denotative meaning and connotative meaning
      • sense relations
        • collocations: refer to words that co-occur with hhigh frequency and have been accepted for the use of words see a movie, watch a play, look at a picture
        • synnonyms: refer to items that mean the same or nearly the same. big and huge
        • antonyms: refer to items that mean the opposite of a word cheap and expensive
        • hyponyms: refer to words which can be hrouped together under the same superordinate concept. body part---eyes, head, legs...
    • distinction between receptive and productive vocabulary
      • receptive/ passive vocabualry
        • refer to words that one is able to recognize and comprehend in reading or listening, but unable to use automatically in speaking and writing
      • productive/ active vocabualry
        • refer to words that one is not only able to recognize but able to use in speech and writing
    • implication
      • as teachers, we need to make decisions when teaching vocabulary what words should become learners' productive vocabualry so that we design various activities to help learners use the words actively and automatically when they are speaking or writing
• 2. how can we present new vocabulary？
  • ①provide a verbal context to demonstrate meaning
  • ②use synonyms or antonyms
  • ③use word formation rules and common affixes
  • ④use lexical sets or hyponyms to show relations of words and their meaning
  • ⑤translate and exemplify, especially with technical words or words with abstract meaning
  • ⑥teach vocabulary in chunks
  • ⑦provide a verbal context
  • ⑧thnk about the context in real life where the word might be used
  • ⑨think about providing different context for introducing new words
  • ⑩prepare possible misunderstanding or confusion that students might have
• 3. effective ways to consolidate vocabulary
  • it is important to note that after presenting new vocabulary, the teacher should provide opportunities for students to use multiple senses such as visual, auditory, action. Those activities involve listening, speaking, reading, writing and acting. It is important for the teacher to create meanigful and persoanlized tasks for the students to use the words in ther own ways. A word can not be learnedd by only being presented to students but encountered at least 7 times in different contexts or tasks.
  • ①labeling
  • ②spot the difference
  • ③describe and draw
  • ④ use word series
  • ⑤word bingo
  • ⑥word association
  • ⑦find synonyms and antonyms
  • ⑧categories
  • ⑨use word net-work
  • ⑩use the internet for more ideas
• 4. how do we help students develop vocabulary learning strategies
  • ①guess meaning from context
    • especially using sentence hints for word meanings
  • ②use a dictionary
    • it is a very important strategy for independent learning
  • ③keep a vocabulary notebook
  • ④organize vocabulary effectively
    • if information is organized and stored in a special way, e.g. related information is stored together or new information it is more likely to be retained and easier to retrieve.
  • ⑤ review regularly
    • students should be given opportunities to pick up new vocabulary on a variety of tasks and they need to be encouraged to revise the newly learned vocabulary on a regular basis so that they are able to take ownership of these words and start using them confidently
  • ⑥manage strtegy use
    • students should be guided constantly to self-evaluate the effectiveness of their strategy used for vocabulary learning