万兴脑图动词的时态语态单复数
导图社区 动词的时态语态单复数
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动词的时态语态单复数
吐血整理！结合高考真题整理的最全高中英语时态语态单复数考点！包含一般将来时，一般过去时，一般现在时等内容。
编辑于2022-07-29 10:26:52- 时态
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动词的时态语态单复数
时态
概念
时
过去
现在
将来
态
一般
习惯性，客观性的动作或状态
进行
进行中，持续性的动作或状态
完成
一段时间内处于完成状态的动作或状态
完成进行
一段时间内持续进行或反复发生的动作
各种时态
一般现在时
构成
动词原形，第三人称加s/es
s, x, ch, sh结尾加es
辅音字母加y结尾，改y为i加es
以o结尾的，有生命的加es, 无生命的加s
黑人英雄吃西红柿拌土豆
be (is, am, are)
do (do, does, did)
have (has)
用法
不受时间限制的客观存在
Practice makes perfect.
现在的习惯性动作或状态
The bank closes at 7:30 p.m. on weekdays.
标志性时间状语
always, usually, often, regularly, every day
一般过去时
构成
V.+ed
不规则动词特殊记
be (was, were)
do (did)
have (had)
用法
过去的习惯性动作，现在已不复存在
wanted, hoped, thought, intended 表示“本来”
标志性时间状语
yesterday, the day before yesterday,
last night/year/day
this morning/afternoon/evening
just now
ago
at one time
in the past, in+整十数年份+s（⋯世纪⋯年代）
一般将来时
构成
will/shall do
第一人称用shall
be going to do
be about to do / be on the point of doing
be to do
表示按计划安排要发生的动作，常见于新闻报道
现在进行时表将来
表示位置移动和交通方式的词
一般现在时表将来
表示按时刻表要发生的动作
主将从现（时间状语从句和条件状语从句）
用法
发生在将来的习惯性或一次性的动作或状态
标志时间状语
in+一段时间
next day/week/year/month
tomorrow、someday、in the future soon等
过去将来时
构成
把一般将来时的助动词改为过去时
用法
以过去时间为几点来看将来，常用于从句中
标志时间状语
宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句表示将来的含义（或有一般将来时的时间状语）
现在进行时
构成
is/am/are doing
用法
正在进行或的动作或状态
现阶段的习惯性动作，说话时不一定在做
She is studying law while her brother is doing modern history.
与频率副词连用，表示某种感情色彩
always， continually, constantly, forever
标志时间状语
now、at the moment、at this moment、at present
过去进行时
构成
was/were doing
用法
过去某时正在进行的动作
标志时间状语
同一去过时间两个人或物无法同时做两事
1、I called you yesterday evening but you didn’t answer.
2、I was waching a movie with my father.
when/ while
两个动作同时发生
长动作：过去进行时
短动作：一般过去时
when:长和短
while:长、两个长动作
将来进行时
构成
will be doing
用法
将来某时正在进行的动作
标志时间状语
将来的一个时间点
现在完成时
构成
have/has done
用法
动作或动作的影响从过去的时间点持续到现在
标志时间状语
in/ during /over the past years
since + 时间点
for + 时间段
至今为止
so far
by now
up to now
until now
before now
发生在过去，结束了，对现在有影响：already、ever、never、yet
过去完成时
构成
had done
用法
过去的过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作
一般过去时的过去
从过去的过去持续到过去的动作
现在完成时的过去
标志时间状语
时间状语
by the end of+一般过去时时间状语
从句
一个动作发生在过去，另一个动作发生在过去的过去
将来完成时
构成
will have done
用法
动作或动作的影响持续到将来的某一时间点
在将来某一时间点之前完成的动作
将来完成时
by/before+ 将来的时间点
现在完成进行时
构成
have/has been doing
用法
从过去的某个时间点到现在，一个动作持续进行或反复发生
标志时间状语
同现在完成时
考点
一般现在时 VS 一般过去时
一般现在时表示客观事实
现在完成时注意标志时间状语
and，but，so，or 并列的动词时态一致
主将从现
语态
构成 be done
一般现在时
is/am/are done
一般过去时
was/were done
一般将来时
will be done
现在进行时
is/am/are being done
过去进行时
was/were being done
将来进行时
will be being done
现在完成时
have/has been done
过去完成时
had been done
将来完成时
will have been done
过去将来时
would be done
现在完成进行时
have/has been being done
易错点
双宾语结构的被动语态，直接宾语变主语，间接宾语要加介词
复合宾语结构主动形式省略to，被动形式还原to
一感二听三使五看
短语动词变为被动语态勿忘介词
不能用于被动语态的词
系动词
感官动词
表示主语特征的词（sell，wash）
归属 belong to
发生 take place, happen, occur
高频考点
被动关系的判断
被动语态不同时态的构成
过去分词VS过去式
be done VS be doing
主谓一致
语法一致
以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。
由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物或同一概念时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
more than a （an）/one ， many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
就远一致
with, together with, along with
except, but, like
as well as, rather than, more than,
besides, including
either， neither， each， every 或no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no， each， every，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
在定语从句时，关系代词that， who， which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如果先行词被one of 修饰则从句谓语动词用复数，如果先行词被the one of修饰，则从句谓语动词用单数。
如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。
由“a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
就近一致
当两个主语由either …… or， neither …… nor， not only …… but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
There be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。 Here引导的句子用法同上
意义一致
what， who， which， any， more， all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
泛指一类人的形容词作主语，谓语通常用复数形式。但指个别人时，要看作单数，谓语动词用单数。
a (large) quantity of 修饰不可数名词, 谓语动词用单数,修饰可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。Quantities of一般用复数。
a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。
集体名词
形单可单复
family, team, class, audience, police, group, government, hair, fruit（集合名词）
aircraft，deer，fish，means，species，series，sheep （单复同形）
population作主语时，谓语用单数，当涉及人口组成时，用复数。
形单意义复
cattle，people （只有单数形式，但表示复数意义）
形单意义单
baggage / luggage, clothing, furniture, machinery, poetry, scenery, jewelry, equipment （集合不可数名词）
形复意义复
goods, clothes （只有复数形式，也表示复数意义）
形复意义单
1. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。
2. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
3. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
4. mathematics， politics， physics 等学科名词以及news（新闻）， works（工厂）等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
真题再现
1. (2017•全国Ⅰ)Fast food __________(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
is
2. (2017•全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt __________(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
are removed
3. (2017•全国Ⅱ)Steam engines __________(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.
were used
4. (2017•全国Ⅲ)Sarah __________(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the new year.
was told
5. (2017•全国Ⅲ)But at the moment, school __________ (come) first.
comes
6. (2018•全国I)While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it __________(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.
is
7. (2018•全国II)Since 2011, the country __________(grow) more corn than rice.
has grown
8. (2018•全国II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government __________(start) a soil-testing program which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
started
9. (2019•全国I)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __________(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements
have reported
10. (2019•全国I)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __________ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
are
11. (2019•全国II)Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene __________(declare) she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.
declared
12. (2019•全国II)I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I __________(make) over the years.
have made
13. (2019•全国Ⅲ)Our hosts shared many of their experiences and __________(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
recommended
14. (2019•全国Ⅲ)On the last day of our week-long stay, we __________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
were invited
15. (2020•全国I)The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess __________ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.
touched
16. (2020•全国I) “This really excites scientists,” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it __________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon __________(construct).”
means
17. (2020•全国II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers __________ (carry) special significance.
carries
18. (2020•全国Ⅲ)The artist was sure he would __________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old nan laughed.
be chosen
19. (2020•全国Ⅲ)They smiled and __________ (point) down the river.
pointed
20. (2021全国甲卷) It ________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
was built
21. (2021全国甲卷) We ________ (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.
hired
22. (2021全国新高考I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ________(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
was
23. （2022年全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
has walked
24. （2022年全国乙卷）...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ________(address)the opening ceremony.
addressed
25. （2022年新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that ________ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
were
26. （2022年新高考I卷）After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets (资产) for future generations”.
is designed
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