The structure of nucleic acid and protein

这是一篇关于核酸和蛋白质结构的思维结构导图，分别阐述了DNA的结构，RNA结构和蛋白质的结构，框架清晰，内容一目了然，需要的小伙伴可以自行下载收藏哟~

The structure of nucleic acid and protein

• DNA structure :three components:a nitrogenous base,a sugar and a phosphate.
  • Primary structure of DNA
    • A polynucleotide chain consists of a series of 5’-3’sugar-phosphate links that form a backbone.
  • Secondary structure of DNA
    • Flat base pairs lie perpendicular to the sugar-phosphate backbone.
      • B-DNA
      • A-DNA
      • Z-DNA
  • Tertiary structure of DNA
• The structure of RNA
  • mRNA:carries the coding sequence
  • tRNA:provides the amino acid corresponding to each codon
  • rRNA:a major component of the ribosome that provides the environment for protein synthesis
• The structure of protein
  • Primary structure
    • Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds.The linear number and order of the amino acids in peptide .
  • Secondary structure
    • Polypeptides can fold into a number of regular structures.The ordered array of amino acids in a protein confer regular conformational forms upon that protein,including α-helix,β-pleated sheets.
  • Tertiary structure
    • complete three dimensional structure of the polypeptide units of a given protein.The hydrophilic amino acids mostly on the surface and hydrophobic ones in the interior.
  • Quaternary structure
    • proteins was composed by more than one polypeptide subunit.
  • Domain
    • Semi-independent structural and functional units within a single polypeptide chain.Domains are often encoded by individual exons within a gene.
  • Motif
    • A pattern in a protein structure formed by the spatial arrangement of amino acids,are groupings of secondary structures or amino acid sequences often found in related members of protein families.It could be the sub-unit of domain.