导图社区 情态助动词
作为情态助动词, need 也只用于否定句和疑问句 He needn’t worry about it. Need I collect the parcel myself? k) 以 need 作情态助动词提问,其答语如果是肯定的,须用 mus
编辑于2022-10-11 09:36:26 黑龙江省情态助动词
1. can/could
Request表请求
Can you help me? (Request)
——Can/Could I use your dictionary? ——Yes, you can.(could更委婉 但回答时用can)
Permission表允许
Can I smoke here? (Asking for permission)
Ability 表能力
We can't fix it. (Inability)
They can control their own budgets. (Ability)
She can swim, but she couldn't last year.(can现在/将来; could过去)
Possibility表可能性
He couldn't have been hurt. 他不可能受伤 (用于否定句/疑问句/惊叹句)
Where can he have gone? 他可能去哪里了呢?
2. may/might
Permission
May I have another cup of coffee?
——May I ask you where you were born? ——Yes, you may. / No, you mustn't/ may not.
Possibility
It may/might be true. (Present Possibility) 任何时间二者均可, might语气更委婉
He may/might have missed the train. (Past Possibility)
May可表Wish祝愿
May you succeed!祝你成功。
may/might ... as well"不妨,还是....的 好"
Since it's raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下的这么大,你还是呆在这儿的比较好
3. will/would
Request/Permission
——Will/Would you lead me with your pen? 你愿意把笔借给我吗? ——Certainly, I will. (Would you提问表接受请求只能用will回答)
Wouldn't you come? 请进来好吗?(Wouldn't you...更能显示出邀请的诚心)
Willingness
I will(= am willing to) do that for you if you like.
Promise
I'll (=promise to) do my best.我一定尽力而为。
Deterioration
We will never(= are determined not to) do it again.我们永远不会再做此事了
Intention
Asking for the other's opinion
——Would 3 o'clock suit you? ——That'd be find.
will表没有固定时间的习惯性动作/某种倾向,过去时用could=used to
Boys will be boys.男生就是男生
She would(=used to) listen to music when she was in low spirits.她情绪低落的时候就听音乐
4. shall
Offer表提供帮助
Shall I help you with your luggage? 我帮你拿行李好吗
Suggestion
Shall we make it 2:30 then? 那么我们定在两点半好吗?
用于第一、第三人称疑问句,表征求对方意见/向对方请示 Ask for oponion/permission/approval
What shall we do this evening?
The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?
Shall he come tomorrow? 你要他明天来吗?
用于第二、第三人称肯定句,表示命令/警告/威胁/强制/允诺等 order/commend; warining; threat; oblige; permission
You should do it, whether you want or not. (order命令) 不管你是否愿意,你都要做这项工作
You shall fail if you don't work harder. (warining警告) 如果你再不努力些,你会失败的。
He shall be punished. (threat威胁) 他一定会受到惩罚的
He shall have the book when I finish reading.(permission允诺)
5. should
a pressing suggestion =ought to"应该"
We should/ought to learn about the computer and make full use of it.
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲,你应当照顾他 (当表示道义上的责任义务时,只能用ought to)
可表说话人的感情:amazed;surprised惊奇/anger愤怒/disappointed失望
Why should I go?我干嘛要去(表示不满)
I was shocked that she should have said such a thing to you.(表惊奇)
Possibility: 1. 表推测 可能时,往往有一定根据,含“按道理应该”之意 2. should作情态动词, 用在so that/for fear that/lest引导的目的状从; in case (that)引导的条件状从中,有“可能、将会”之意
They should be at home by now for they have been away for 2 hours.
They got up early so that they should(=could/might) catch the first bus in time.
He is working hard for fear that he (should) fall behind others.
He took an umbrella in case (that) it (should) rain.
用在suggest/propose/arragne/plan/decide/advice/order/demand/request/desire/insist等表示“建议/要求/命令/决定/安排/计划/主张”的动词后+宾从, should可省, 表a tough tone for emphasis强硬语气引起重视
He suggested/demanded/advised that they (should) read the rules carefully.
He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting.
用在"It is desired/suggested.requested/ordered/proposed/decided"后+定从should也可省
It has been planned that they (should) leave the following week.
It has been decided that the meeting (should) be postponed till tomorrow.
用在"It is/was necessary/important/strange/incredible"或 “It is a pity/ a shame/ no wonder"后+主从
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
It is a great pity/shame that he should be so conceited.
用在suggestion/motion/proposal/order/plan/idea/advice/ request/decision/requirement后+表从/同位语从句,should可省
My idea/motion/advice is that we (should) do more exercises every day.
We all agreed to his suggestion/proposal that we (should) go to Nanjing for a visit. (同位语从句)
6. must
Necessity/Obligation
You must say goodbye now.
——Must I hand in my work now? ——Yes, you must./ No, you needn't/don't have to.
Prohibition坚决禁止
They mustn't disrupt the work more than necessary. 他们不能过分地工作
Be determined to do /insist on doing sth.
If you must leave now, do it quietly.
Probability可能性 /Deduction推测 must be/do sth(对现在推测); must be doing sth(对现在正在进行的推测); must have done(对过去的推测)
The light is on. Linda must be in the office. (must表推测只用于肯定句中, 否定句和疑问句用can't/couldn't和can/could)
情态动词+have done
must have done"过去一定做过某事" 很有把握的推测 否定:can't/couldn't have done
I must have seen you somewhere, but I can't recollect your name.
may/might have done"过去可能已做了某事" 不太有把握的推测 否定:may/might not have done“过去可能还没有做某事”
He may have had some training in Chinese Kungfu.
could have done"本可以;本能够" 是对过去本来能做而未做的事感到遗憾和惋惜
The output could have been increased by 15%.
should have done/ought to have done"本应该" 本该做而实际没做 含责备或遗憾语气 否定:should not have done/ought not to have done"本不该做,但是 已经做了"
They ought to have completed their work much earlier.
You shouldn't have left your son alone at home.
needn't have done"本不必做" 指没必要做却做了
You needn't have woken me up; I don't have to work today.