英语国家概况之英国历史时间轴

brief timeline of English history：In 55 BC and 54 BC, Britain was twice invaded by Roman troops led by Julius In 43 AD, Britain was invaded again by the Romans under Claudius 1

brief timeline of English history

• The founding of the nation
  • The invasion
    • The Roman Invasion
      • In 55 BC and 54 BC, Britain was twice invaded by Roman troops led by Julius Caesar
      • In 43 AD, Britain was invaded again by the Romans under Claudius 1
    • In 410, Germanic barbarians attacked Roman
    • The Anglo-Saxon Invasion
      • St.Augustine was sent to Britain to convert the Anglo-Saxons in 597
    • The Norman Conquest
      • In the 8th century, the Vikings from the Scandinavian countries of Northern Europe, Norway and Denmark in particular began to attack the English coast.
  • House of Normandy(1066-1154)
    • In 1066, William was crowned King of England in Westminster Abbey, who is often referred to as William the Conqueror
  • House of Anjou(1154-1216)
    • By 1154, Henry 2, William's great grandson, ascended the throne and thus began the rule of the House of Anjou in England, also known as the House of Plantagenet
  • House of Lancaster (1399-1461)
    • The Hundred Years' War(1337-1453)
  • House of York(1461-1485)
  • The Wars of the Roses(1455-1485)
  • House of Tudor(1485-1603)
• Transition to the modern age
  • The Reformation
    • In 1534, Henry 8 issued the Act of Supremacy and declared himself to be the Supreme Head of the Church of England. He started the Reformation by declaring a break with Rome
  • The Civil War
    • King Charles 1 was dissatisfied and dissolved Parliament in 1629. For the next 11 years, he ruled the country without a parliament.
    • The first Civil War broke out in 1642 between the Royalists known as the Cavaliers and the Parliamentarians known as the Roundheads
    • In 1646, Charles 1 surrendered, the first civil war ended
    • Charles 1 escaped and the Civil war broke out again until Charles 1 was recaptured and executed in 1649
    • In 1651, Cromwell destroyed Charles 2's army, which marked the end of the Civil Wars
    • In 1660 Parliament decided to restore Charles 2 to the throne of England, which put an end to the Commonwealth
  • Restoration and the Glorous Revolution
    • Glorious Revolution: In 1689, a new parliament declared the throne vacant and appointed William and Mary joint sovereigns
    • In 1689, Parliament passed the Bills of Rights
  • The industrial revolution
    • Background
      • Britain had a huge market
      • England acquired from its colonies enormous wealth with which to develop its industry
      • The enclosure movement deprived many small landowners of their property
    • Important inventions
      • spinning Jenny, the water frame, the spining mule, the power loom and the steam engine
      • The steam locomotive, railway
    • By the middle of the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution was accomplished in Britain
• The rise and fall of the Britain empire
  • formation of the empire
    • The British Empire began with the colonization of Newfoundland in 1583
    • During the mid-19th century, Britain consolidated her existing colonies by bring them under the direct control of the government
  • Britian in the world wars
    • By the begining of the 20th century, the world had entered the period of imperialism
    • In 1914, the Austrian Archduke was assassinated in Sarajevo, leading to a showdown between two camps and the World War 1 broke out
    • The Great Depression from 1929 to 1933 brought additional problems to thr British economy and society
    • Hitler invaded Poland in 1939, Britain and France were forced to declare war on Germany two days later
    • In 1945, Germany surrended
  • the fall of the empire
    • Reason: most of Britain's colonies demanded and fought for independence due to World War 2
• Britain since world war 2
  • "Three Majestic Circles"
    • Britain emerged from World War 2 as one of the Big Three
    • Commonwealth circle
    • Britain's special relationship with the United States
    • Britain's close relationship with Western Europe
  • "Special Retionship" with the US
    • Britain joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949 and followed the United States into the Korean War in 1950
    • Mrs. Margaret Thatcher reestablished the special relationship with the United States
    • Tony Blair, who became British Prime Minister in 1997, pursued a more positive policy toward Europe and participated actively in European affairs