考研英语二写作框架

这是一篇关于考研英语二写作框架的思维导图，包括原因后果论证、举例论证(科学调查放在论点或者论据之后)、对立观点论证(适用新大纲样题)等内容。

写作框架

首段

引出话题

图表提供了关于…（主题词）的信息。

The chart echoes information about XX.

图表比较了… 和…

The chart compares the number of A with that of B.

图表展示了… (某个主题)在… 方面的不同之处

The chart echoes the difference about ... in ...

这个图表清晰地反映了过去…年之间 … 和…的数据发生变化

The chart clearly echoes the changes in the statistics of A and B during the past ... years.

上图清晰地反映出一个显著的趋势

The chart above clearly echoes a noticeable tendency that...

图标描述：如图表所示+图表公式

如表/图所示

As is echoed in the graph/chart

基本公式

静态图

整体：该图表由...组成

This chart consists of ...

This chart is composed of ...

局部：...的比例是/占...

The proportion/percentage/share/number of ... is/was/presents/accounts for...

突出：最大/小/显著的比例是/来自于...

The largest/smallest/most obvious proportion/part/share is/comes form

补充

各自的

respectively

在所有的类别

of all categories

具体而言

to be specific/specifically/specifically speaking

当我们更仔细地看，我们会发现

When taking a closer look,we can find that

显然，最重要的...要素是...

Obviously, the most important ... factors are ...

动态图

the number/amount/figures of 主题+变化+程度+范围

the number/amount of 主题+变化+程度+时间范围, ranging from ... to ...

补充

差异对比（增长量或减少的量）：了s

从时间1到时间2，主题词增长或下降了...

There was an increase/a decline of ...（量） in ...（主题词）during the period from ...（时间1） to ...（时间2）.

数据1相比较于数据2，有一个...（量）地增长或下降

The number of 主题1 was 数据1 compared to 数据2 during the period from 时间1 to 时间2, showing an increase / a decline of ...（量）.

提纲类文章（大纲新增）

引出现象

最近，报纸的头条上经常出现这样的新闻:越来越多的现代人在与他人交流时，为了赢得信任，喜欢表达不确定性，这在公众中引起了激烈的讨论。

Recently, it often hits the headlines of newspaper that an increasing number of modern people would like to express uncertainty to win trust when communicating with each other, which has aroused a heated discussion among the public.

材料描述

1.正如材料中所示，近期的研究表明了..

As is indicated in the essay, recent study shows that ..

2.在过去十年中，在个人和整个社会中对这个问题的讨论已成为一种时尚。主流观点是...

The discussion of this issue among individuals and in society as a whole has come into vogue during the last decade. The main statement declares that ...

3.当它提到__________，人们的意见是不同的，在这样一个有争议的问题。(A或B)人们普遍认为大众观点;然而，其他人则持否定态度

When it refers to... ... , people’s opinions are divergent on such a controversial issue. (A or B). It is commonly accepted that 大众观点 ; Others, however, take the negative attitude.

4.对公众来说，选择A还是B是一种两难的选择.

To choose A or B is something of a dilemma, to the public.

个人观点（观点总结）

在我看来，表现出不确定性可能对人际关系没有好处

For my point, showing uncertainty might not be beneficial to interpersonal relationship.

观点总结

1. 择其一：就我个人而言，我倾向于A而不是B

From the personal perspective, I prefer A rather than B as my inclination

2. 部分同意≈ 部分不同意

(1)在某种程度上那是对的，但是……没有被考虑在内。

That’s true to an extent, but ... has not been taken into account.

(2) 我同意某一点，但我们需要考虑... .

I agree to a point, but we need to consider ... .

(3) 我部分同意……，但我仍然担心一些方面

I agree partially with ..., but I am still concerned about a few aspects.

3.完全同意(3选1)

Two thumbs up on that .

I’m behind the position all the way.

I couldn’t agree with that more.

4.反对

(1)平心而论，我认为这种观点有它的道理，但就是不适合我们

To be fair, I think the opinion has its merits, but it just doesn’t work for us

(2)说实话，我不一定那样看

To be honest, I don’t necessarily see it that way.

(3)我不敢肯定我同意

I am not sure I agree

(4)我明白这一点，但我不得不说我倾向于不同意

I see the point, but I would have to say I’m inclined to disagree

总结

折线图

三个线一上一下一不变 （遇到两个上的图，删掉不变，把下改成上即可）

1.线状图呈现了A,B,C的数据

The line chart echoes the information about A,B and C.

2.具体而言，A的数据从1990年的1显著上升到2000年的100

To be specific, the figures of A increase significantly from 1 in 1990 to 100 in 2000

3.然而，同一时期，B的数据从100骤然下降到1

Yet, the amount of B decrease sharply from 100 to 1 during the same period.

4.与此同时，C保持在50

Meanwhile, the number of C remains steady at 50

5.尽管数字看似孤立，但是紧密联系（可删去）

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

柱状图

三个变量一上一下一持平

1.柱状图呈现了A,B和C的不同

The bar chart mirrors the differences in A,B and C.

2.具体而言，A的数字从2000年的5缓慢上升到2010年的10

To be specific, the figures of A increases slowly from 5 in 2000 to 10 in 2010

3.然而，同一时期，B的数字从100骤然下降到10

Yet, the number of B decreases sharply from 100 to 10 during the same period.

4.与此同时，C保持在15不变

Meanwhile, the amount of C remains steady at 15.

5.尽管数字孤立，但是紧密联系

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

饼状图

两个变量，此消彼长

1.饼状图呈现了A,B的不同

The pie chart echoes the different proportions between A and B.

2.具体而言，A的百分比从1990年的20%上升到2010年的40%

To be specific, the percentage of A increases from 20% in 1999 to 40% in 2010.

3.然而，同一时期，B的百分比从80%下降到60%。

Yet, the part of B decrease from 80% to 60% during the same period.

4.尽管数字孤立，但紧密联系

Isolated as the figures seem to be, they are connected to one another closely.

中间段论证

原因后果论证

交代现象

1.事实上，这个看似简单的图表微妙地揭示了当下吸引我们注意的一个流行现象（主题词或主题句）

Actually, this seemingly simple chart subtly discloses a prevailing phenomenon that has attracted our attention

2.实际上，这个图表只是一个流行现象的缩影

In fact, this chart is a miniature of a prevalent phenomenon.

3.显然，这个抽象的图表微妙地揭示了...和...

Apparently, the abstract chart has subtly revealed the relationship between ... and ...

4.这真的是作者要告诉我们的吗？当然不是了

Is this just what the author tries to tell us? Certainly not.

原因后果

引出原因

1.除以下几点，我找不到更好的理由。第一...，第二...

I can think of no better reasons than the following one. Firstly,... Secondly,...

2.是什么导致了这一现象？这是个发人深思的问题

What exactly contributes to this phenomenon？ It is a thought-provoking question.

3.你可能会思考，为什么会产生这个现象？

Why, you may wonder, does this phenomenon emerge.

4.考虑到这个问题的重要性，有必要指出其背后的原因

Considering the significance of the present situation, we ought to point out the causes behind it.

5.在我看来，有两个基本要素可以解释这一现象

Two fundamental factors, in my mind, could account for this social phenomenon.

6.为了解释这一趋势，人们想到了各种原因

To account for this trend, people have come up with a wide variety of reasons.

具体原因

第一点原因

首先，...可能对它产生了重要的影响

To begin with, ... might exert great influence on it.

首先，...可能导致了这个问题

Firstly, ... might cause the problem.

一方面，这种情况可能是...的结果

For one thing, this situation might be the result of ...

第二点原因

第二点原因是

The second reason is that ...

此外

What's more, / Futhermore, / Moreover,

找不出两点原因的话，写最重要的

1.也许，主要原因是...

Perhaps, the primary reason is that ...

2.最重要的是...

Most importantly,...

3.最主要的是，通过数据我们可以看出...所占的比例最大/最小，或许是因为

Primarily, we can see from the data that ... take up the largest/smallest proportion, perhaps because...

原因补充

1.媒体：宣传

负面

媒体可能不恰当地夸大了这件事情

The mass media might inappropriately exaggerate the issue.(the issue = 主题词 )

正面

大众媒体，如广播、电视和网络，适当地宣扬并鼓励这一事情

The mass media, such as radio, television and the internet, might appropriately advocate and encourage this issue.

2.政府：执行

负面

因为缺少管控…的法律才导致了…趋势的扩大

A lack of laws and regulations to control … leads to the expanding trend of …

正面

正是相关法律法规的执行促使这一个令人惊喜的趋势出现

It is the enforcement of relevant laws and regulations that makes this surprising trend come into being

3.社会：关注

负面

1) 社会缺少对…的关注导致了 …

A lack of attention (from…) on … leads to …

2) 对…的过多关注导致了…

Too much attention (from…) on … leads to …

正面

对…的关注促进了… 的发展

Due attention paid to … has stimulated the rapid development of …

4. 个人：意识

负面

个人缺乏…的意识导致了…

A lack of the consciousness of … results in …（结果）

正面

个人已经提高了…的意识

The public has enhanced the consciousness of … .

引出结果

通用结果

似乎不止一个直接或者间接的影响与主题词相关，这些我们都无法忽视

There seem to be more than one direct or indirect effects involved in... which none of us can fail to notice. Firstly,... Secondly,...

然而，在我看来，...可以被比喻成一条通向成功的路（连接A、B的桥）(一盏照亮黑暗的灯指引我们前进)，作为一种重要品质，...会...

Yet, 某品质（主题词）, to my wonder, can be linked to a journey lead to success (a bridge connect A and B)(a lamp in darkness, guiding us to move forward). As a significant quality, 某品质（主题词） may ...

我发现令人震惊的是，... （主题词）可以成为成功的垫脚石。

I find it astounding that ... can be a stepping stone to success.

坏的结果

如果我们视而不见的话，上述问题将会产生严重后果

The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequence, if we keep turning a blind eye to it.

虚拟结果

如果没有这个事情的话，我们可能无法感受到生活的幸福。然而，如果这个事情消极的影响继续发生的话，我们可能要付出昂贵的代价

Were there no such thing, never could we feel the happiness of life. Yet, were the opposite facet of this situation to continue, we would pay a high price.

具体结果

重复问题或者加重问题

举例

As a result, an increasing number of people have come to realize the fact mentioned abouve.

The problem/situation/case mentioned above has come into being, which might become worse/better in the future.

总结

1. 交代现象+2.引出原因+3. 具体原因+4. 引出结果+5. 具体结果

【适用】有定论的话题、不好的话题，可以论证：为什么好？为什么坏？为什么重要？为什么有害？为什么流行等。

① 事实上，这个图表是流行想象的缩影

① In fact, this chart is a miniature of a prevalent phenomenon.

② 到底什么导致了这个问题呢？这发人深思。

② What exactly contributes to this problem?It is a thought-provoking question.

③ 首先，A 导致了这个问题。其次，还有一点原因可能是B。

③ To begin with, A might cause this severe problem. In addition ,the second reason might be that B.

④ 如果上述问题视而不见，将会导致一系列后果。

④ The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences, which none of us can fail to notice.

⑤ 这个问题成为既成事实，未来可能会更坏。

⑤ The situation has come into being, which might become worse in the future.

1. 引出原因 +2. 具体原因 +3. 引出结果 +4. 具体结果

1. 到底什么导致了这个现象？这发人深思

① What exactly contributes to this phenomenon ? It’s a thought-provoking question.

2. 首先，大众媒体可能不恰当地夸大了这件事。其次，社会关注过多或者过少。最后，个人缺乏意识。

② Firstly, mass media might inappropriately exaggerate this issue. Secondly, too much attention on ... leads to ... Last but not least, a lack of due attention from ... on ...results in ...

3. 如果视而不见，上述问题将会导致一系列严重后果。

③ The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it.

4. 比如说：

④ For instance, ...

举例论证（科学调查放在论点或者论据之后）

科学调查

根据最近一个权威机构的调查表明， ...

According to one latest survey conducted by a certain national authority, ...

almost …% of the people might hold the same view

almost …% of the people might hold the same view that ...

almost …% of the people might do similarly in the same situation.

almost …% of the people might do sth..

最近一项调查可以支持我的观点。这项由......进行的调查，在调查了......（某人）之后，发现大部分受访者宣称...... 。

A recent survey can back up my point. The survey conducted by ... after polling ... has found that a significant percentage of respondents claimed that ...

总结

举例论证=引出例子+例子本身+例子总结+科学调查

适用：正面话题、个人品质、可以用人或者数字来进一步验证

1.引出例子

在我所听到看到的例子当中，与这个主题相关的例子有很多，而下面最具有代表性

Among all the touching facts relating to this topic that I have heard, noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is ...

2.例子本身

某人，因在某方面的成就而著名，人们总是记得他的品质，那在其一生都散发着光辉。

Sb. , honored for his success in ..., is always remembered by his spirit of ..., which shines through every chapter of his life.

3.例子总结（可省略）

某人的经历告诉我们一个道理：...

The experience of sb. teaches us a wisdom that ...

4.科学调查

根据最近一项调查表明，接近于90%的人都认为...

According to one latest survey conducted by a certain national authority, almost 90% of peope might hold the view that ...

对立观点论证(适用新大纲样题)

引出争议

①当谈及...，仁者见仁智者见智

When it comes to ..., views vary from person to person

②历史上，人们对于....... 的现象从未像今天这样讨论得这么激烈。

Never before in history has the phenomenon of ... been talked so much as nowadays

③关于是否..... 的问题，每个人观点不同。

Concerning the issue of whether ... , people’s views vary from person to person.

正方观点

For one thing, some people might hold the view that ...

What’s more, they also claim that ...

For example, ...

反方观点

For another, the rest might hold the other side of this picture. ( hold the opposite view. )

Furthermore, they also argue that ...

For instance, ..

总结：缩略版（我认同你的部分观点，但是我也有我的观点）

对立观点论证= 1.引出争议 + 2. 正方论证 + 3. 反方论证

【适用】无定论的题目、题干问：你是否同意？要不要？好不好？能不能？

①事实上，这一现象大家一直有争论

In fact, this issue（whether …or not ） has long been a matter of debate.

②诚然，一部人可能认为….

Admittedly, a minority of people may hold the view that … to some extent.

③然而，其他的人都不同意这一观点

Yet, a majority of people hold the other side of this picture.

④他们得理由是：第一， … 。 第二， … 。 比如说

For one thing, … . For another, … . For instance, …

措施段

预测趋势

引言

1.考虑到上述问题的方方面面，我想大多数人一样，可以得出结论

Considering every aspect of this issue, I, as most of others will do, safely draw a conclusion that ...

2.不管怎样，不管它的作用是积极还是消极的，可以肯定的是

Anyhow, whether it is positive or negative, one thing is certain that ...

3.考虑到所有这些因素，我们可以预测...

Taking all these factors into account/considerations, we may predict that ...

结论

假设：如果这个好/坏的事情继续发生的话，这个趋势可能朝着更好/更坏的方向发展

If the exciting/disturbing thing continues, it will be going on for the better/worse.

结论：现在，人们...的趋势正在增加/减少，而且我认为短时间内这种趋势不会改变

Nowadays, there is a growing/decreasing tendency for sb. to do sth., which I believe will not change in a short time.

措施：要想扭转这一趋势并非易事，这需要充分意识到...

To reverse the trend is not a piece of cake, which requires a good awareness of ...

随着...的步伐加快和压力不断增加，...的数量在未来十年将继续增加/减少

With the quickening pace and ever-increasing pressure of ..., the number of ... will keep growing/descreasing in the forthcoming decade.

可以说，...（主题词）的大规模普及既归功于公民（人们）的需求，也得益于行业的繁荣

Arguably, the massive popularity of ... is credited to both citizens’ demands and the industry’s boom.

建议措施

1.统一做法：扬长避短（适用正面话题、中立话题）

因此，我们应该取其精华去其糟粕

Therefore, we should take advantage of the fruits and avoid the opposite facet.

2.不同主体不同做法：固定主体+ to do something（适用正面话题、中立话题、负面话题）

媒体宣传

The mass media, such as radio, television and the internet, should make every effort to propagate and advocate it.

政府立法、制定法律

It is essential that laws and regulations should be worked out and enforced to do sth.

教育公民

The government has the responsibility to educate/encourage every citizen to do sth.

公民意识

社会公众提高...的意识

The public should enhance the consiousness of ...

我们应该采取实际行动去做某事

We ourselves ought to take practical actions to do sth.

...的培养有赖于社会每个成员的积极参与

The cultivation of ... depends on the active participation of every citizen of our society.

人们应该规范自己的行为，并阻止他人的不适当行为

People should

憧憬未来

1.如果所有措施付诸实践，前途一片光明

If all the solutions are turned into reality, the prospect will become more desirable.

2.通过等待和希望，我们一定可以实现最终目标

Through waiting and hoping, we will be able to achieve our ultimate goal.

3.倒装句

Only with these measures taken can we do something.

do something 可改成

expect a more harmonious society

make dreams come ture.

make life more meaningful/colorful

seize the moment

马斯洛需求层次理论（换改模板）

第一层：生理需求

洁净的空气/干净的水/充足的食物

fresh air/clean water/sufficient food

品尝美味佳肴

taste a delicious delicacy

地球上生命存在的必需品

an absolute need for life to exist on earth

得到优质的睡眠/得到充足休息

get sound sleep/get plenty of rest

将胆固醇和血压保持在安全范围内

keep your cholesterol and blood pressure within a safe range

触发免疫反应

trigger the immune response

暴露于污染的空气/水是全球健康问题的主要原因

Air/Water pollution exposure is a leading cause of health problems worldwide

垃圾引起的水污染

water pollution caused by waste

通过减少制造垃圾的数量，也可以减少排放的污染量。

By reducing the volume of waste we produce, we can also reduce the amount of pollution released

通过从源头上进行分类垃圾，我们可以确保可回收垃圾不会被倒入垃圾填埋场

By sorting the rubbish at the source, we can ensure that recyclable waste doesn't get dumped in landfills.

尽量减少一次性产品的使用

minimize the use of disposable products

垃圾分类规定明显改变了人们的消费习惯，减少了浪费

The trash sorting regulation has clearly changed people's consumption habits, leading to less waste

过低碳生活

live a low carbon life

对健康的不利影响

adverse health influence

生物多样性的消失

disappearance of biodiversity

对水资源管理、土壤侵蚀、废水径流等问题采取最佳方法

adopt the best practices on water management, soil erosion and pollution runoff

第二层：安全的需求

保持健康

keep fit/healthy

进行体育锻炼

get physical exercise

促进健康并预防慢性疾病

improve health and help ward off chronic diseases

全球老龄化代表着医学、社会和经济再对抗疾病上的进步

global aging represents a triumph of medical,social, and economic advances over diseases

寿命更长、孩子更少

live longer and have fewer children

增加长寿的机会

increase the chances of living longer.

保持人们健康的很大一部分是在工作中和通勤期间尽量减少接触，对于许多办公室工作人员来说，这意味着远程办公

A big part of keeping people healthy involves minimizing contact at work and during the commute, which could mean teleworking for many office wokers

新冠病毒的爆发增加了快速开发在线课堂教育技能的紧迫性

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the urgency to quickly develop skills for the online education classroom.

强身健体

strengthen your bones and muscles

增强力量和肌肉

build strength and muscles

保持肌肉量的同时减重

maintain your muscle mass and achieve weight loss

运动对于支持快速新陈代谢和每天燃烧更多卡路里至关重要

Exercise is crucial to supporting a fast metabolism and buring more calories per day

越来越多研究证明了定期锻炼与心理健康之间存在正向关系

A growing body of research testifies to a positive relationship between regular exercise and mental health

完全控制自己的时间表可以让你尝试在一天的不同时间进行锻炼

Having complete control of your schedule allows you to experiment with different time of the day to work out

除了非常灵活之外——你可以在自己想的任何地方，任何时间，以任何节奏进行锻炼

In addition to being extremely flexible——you can work out where you want, when you want and at whever pace you want

当你独自锻炼时，你只需要将精力集中在正确锻炼上，而不会分心

When you work out alone you just need to focus your energy on properly working out without and distraction

与人一起锻炼会带来很多相互交织的好处，包括加强一致性、持续时间、动力、对话和灵感

Working out with a crowd carries a plethora of interwined benefits that include enhancing consistency, duration, motivation, conversation and inspiration

选择每周至少进行几次小组式的锻炼，可能会帮助你超越以往独自锻炼时达到的极限——无论是时间上还是强度上

Opting for a group setting for at least a few workouts each week may help you push yourself past the threshold you tend to hit when working out solo——Whether that be in time or intensity

丰富的就业机会

abundant job opportunities

获取更好的公共资源

get better access to public resources

维持良好的生活质量

maintain a good quality of life

指数级地提升你的生活质量

exponentially elevate the quality of your life

有一个好职位

have a good job title

获得稳定的收入

get a stable income

从事高薪工作

engage in a well-paying job

在大学期间赚取零用钱肯定会派上用场

earining your own spending money during college will definitely come in handy

提前获得一份工作

secure a job in advance

获得带薪培训并拥有新的经历

receive paid training and have new experiences

在当今竞争日益激烈的就业市场中，硕士学位的好处可以帮助你脱颖而出并保持在有价值员工地地位

In today's increasingly competitive job market, the benifits of a master's degree can help you differentiate yourself and remain a valuable employee

增强了我们的安全感

increase our sense of safety and security

谋生

earn a livelihood

承受家庭重担

bear the burden of the family

承担养家带来的经济负担

bear the financial burden of supporting a family

中年雇员不仅要应对停滞不前地工资，而且还有可能负担上涨的住房和子女教育费用

Not only does the middle-aged employee deal with stagnant wages but perhaps also afford the rising cost of housing and children's education.

在当今经济压力大的日子里，我们中的许多人日常工作时间更长，而这个年龄段的员工往往还有额外的时间和经济压力区抚养孩子、安排昂贵的托儿服务、支付大笔抵押贷款等，这往往会导致非常高的压力

In these days of high economic pressure, many of us are working longer hours as a matter of routine and employees in this age range often have the added time economic pressures of bringing up children, arranging expensive childcare, paying large mortgages, which will often give rise to very high levels of stress

以工作时间长短管理员工绩效

manage the employees' performance with tying it to the clock

达到极高的绩效指标

reach extremely high performance indicators

减少过劳的情况发生

lessen the chances of burnout occurring

在公司内感到有压力且不满

be stressed and unsatisfied in the firm

没有机会攀登和发展职业生涯是另一个可以加剧对职位不满的方面

Not having the opportunity to climb the ladder and grow the career is another area that can forster dissatisfaction with a position

努力进入一个安全的工作环境

strive to get into a secur work environment

愿意在职称和地理位置方面保持灵活性

be willing to be flexible with respect to job title and geographic location

追求可以提供我们想要的生活方式的职位

pursue positions that can support the lifestyle we want to live

为大幅改善生活提供无限潜力

offer unlimited potential to vastly improve our lives

实现对大城市生活的愿景

fulfill the vision of big city life

为高薪但是繁重的工作而奋斗

fight for a high-paying job with heavy workloads

达到收入目标

achieve the income goals

智能手机质量的提高以及价格进一步降低

advances in the quality of smartphone and further reductions in price

可以使用能够访问互联网并运行应用程序的智能手机

have access to a smartphone capable of accessing the Internet and running Apps

以更低的价格构建产品和服务，为消费者指定购买计划创造了机会，该计划对发展中国家的社区而言也极易承担

Buliding products and seevice with a lower price sets up the opportunity for consumers to have a purchase plan which is ultra-affordable to communities in developing countries.

智能手机被视为缩小社会差距的巨大标志性产物，代表着在改善医疗保健，教育和经济增长方面的机遇

Smartphones are seen as a huge symbol for opportunities in bridging the gap in access to improved healthcare, education and economic growth.

随着市场成熟，曾被视为奢侈尊贵之物的手机，也已经变成在全球任何经济体内都能负担得起的必需品

As the market matures, the mobile phone, once considered an enviable object of luxury and prestige, has become a necessity that is rather affordable in any economic

智能手机在为医疗保健、教育和某些行业建立可得性方面发挥了核心作用，这对于移动行业而言，是一个非凡的里程碑

It is a remarkable milestone for the mobile industry that smartphones have played a central role in creating accessiblity to healthcare,education and some industries.

智能手机和社交媒体已经融为一体，以至于对大部分人来说它们是绑定在一起的

Smartphones and social media have melded so thoroughly that for most people they go hand-in-hand

电商正在改变中国消费者对购物的看法：在网上，购物比硬推销更具社交性

E-commerce is changing the way Chinese consumers think about shopping: online, it is more social than a hard sell

使用户从网络请求数据时体验到更少的延迟

allow users to experience less delay when requesting data from the network

承诺更低延迟并提供更高稳定性

promise lower latency and offer greater stability

在最短时间内拿到新买的商品

get newly purchased products in the shortest time.

瞬间下载一部电影

download a movie instantly

5G，第五代无线通讯设备，使闪电般的下载速度成为可能，同时也为自动驾驶汽车这样的高科技进展奠定基础

5G, the fifth generation of wireless, promises lightning-fast download speeds and could lay the foundation for high-tech advancements like self-driving cars

5G/AI/移动支付不仅对零售、娱乐、汽车、制造业和物流业等许多行业都有帮助，而且将有助于加速技术进步

Not only will 5G/AI/mobile payments be instrumental for many industries, including retail, entertainment, automobile, manufacturing and longistics, but it will also help speed up technology advancements.

这些5G/AI中的进步将为智能城市提供互联物流，并扩大互联医疗的覆盖范围，从机器人技术到区块链用例再到可穿戴遥测

These advancements in 5G/AI will provide smart cities with connected logistics and enhancement in connected healthcare from robotics to blockchain use cases to wearable telemetry

第三层次：情感和归属的需求

情感需求

emotional needs

高效与他人沟通

communicate with other efficiently

面对面交流

face-to-face communication

拥有良好的人际关系

get on well with others

与他人保持联系

keep/stay in touch with others

保持社会联系

maintain social connections

和同伴社交

socialize with peers face-to-face

建立人际关系

establish interpersonal relations

建立人际交往能力

build interpersonal skills

能够建立长久联系

be able to create long-lasting connections

在同伴中很受欢迎

be popular with peers

获得高质量的友谊

get high-quality friendships

培养人际关系以及有效的思想交流

cultivate interpersonal relationships and productive exchange of ideas

提高我们的社会接受度

enhance our social acceptability

能够成为彼此联系与培养归属感的强大力量

can be a powerful force for connectedness and nurturing a sense of belonging

那些花费更多时间和心力把礼物赠予别人的人会更快乐

The individuals spending more time and energy giving thier presents to others are going to be happier

参观博物馆等体验也可以成为个性的重要组成部分，并为成功的社会关系做出贡献，而这些是物质所无法达到的效果

Experiences, such as visiting a museum, can also become a meaningful part of one's identity and contribute to successful social relationships in a manner that material items cannot.

与其他优秀人才并肩工作

work side by side with other brilliant people

促进健康的工作与生活平衡

promote a healthy work-life balance

在传统的授课模式之外获得工作技能和社交互动的经验

get experience with job skills and social interactions outside a typical classroom teaching

教学生考试与帮助学生准备好面对现实人生之间的拉扯，遗憾地成为了现今教育界面临的困境

The tension between teaching to a test and preparing students to be life-ready is an unfortunate dilemma facing education today

凭借多样的长处，从各个角度去处理问题

attack issues from all different angles with a variety of strengths

对生活满意

be satisfied with life

往往更快乐而且内心平静

tend to be happier and lead a life with inner peace

将你最强烈的情感从破坏性的力量转化为正向力量

transform the strongest of your emotions from a destructive force to a power for good

缓解压力和厌倦

relieve stress and boredom

对悲伤处之泰然

become at ease with sadness

保持积极健康的心理和精神状态

maintain psychological health and spiritual positiveness

情绪高涨

keep high spirits

对生活积极进取

show an aspiring attitude towards life

内心的充实

enrichment of heart

拥有良好的家庭关系

have a good family relationship

拥有和谐稳固的家庭关系

have a harmonious and stable family relationship

加强与朋友和家人的联结

strengthen bonds with friends and family members

我们的生存有赖于温情的施与受，这也是传递光明的最佳做法

Our survival depends on offering and accepting tenderness, which is the world's best offer to pass along a light

心怀感激

pack an attitude of gratitude

施舍善意

extend/spread the kindness

向你关爱之人表达感激之情

express your gratitude towards the people you love

向那些一直陪在你身边或在需要时帮助你的人表示感谢

thank someone who has always been by your side or helped you whenever required

表达感激、建立关系

express gratitude and establish relationships

我们给人们送礼物是向他们表明我们的感谢，并珍视他们在我们的生活中所扮演的角色

We give people gifts to show them that we are grateful for them and value the role they play in our lives

提高公众意识

raise the public consciousness

促进整体社会和谐

advance the overall social harmony

构建文明和谐社会

organize a civilized and harmonious society

促进先进文明

promote advanced civilization

推进生态文明建设

advance the building of an ecological civilization

建设一个可持续发展的世界

build a world of sustainable development

接触到与我们不同的想法、技术、食物和生活方式

be exposed to ideas, technologies, foods, and ways of life not exactly like our own

非物质文化遗产的重要性不是文化表现形式本身，而是薪火相传的知识和技能财富

The importance of intangible cultural heritage is not the cultural mainfestation itself but rather the wealth of knowledge and skills that is transmitted through it from one generation to the next

促进真正的文化与自然遗产的享受和分享

promote the enjoyment and sharing of authentic cultural and natural heritage

以可接受的价格给更多客户提供产品

offer more customer-friendly products with acceptable prices

提供更加个性化的顾客体验

provide more personalized customer experience

有多项另外售票的附加活动可满足各种不同的喜好和预算

there are many ticketed add-on activities to suit a wide array of interest and budgets

第四层次：尊重的需求

通过他人的眼睛看世界

see the world through other people's eyes

培养作为中国人的身份认同感

shape one's sense of identity as Chinese people

中国消费者将越来越倾向于本土品牌

Chinese consumers will increasingly favor local brands, largely for reasons of national allegiance

展示人们的民族自豪感以及对本土品牌的忠诚度

show people's national pride and increasing allegiance to local brands

使员工在个人和专业层面上收到赞赏、尊重和重视

make employees feel appreciated, respected and valued on a personal and professional level

建立你可靠和值得信赖的声誉

build your reputation as both reliable and trustworthy

长期维护客户忠诚度

maintain customer loyalty for the long haul

勤于关注客户意见与感受

monitor customer opinition and sentiment diligenly

第五层次：认知的需求

及时方便地获取知识

access knowledge timely and conveniently

扩大自己的知识储备

enlarge one's knowledge reserve

帮助你提高一整套研究、写作和分析的技能

help you improve your researching, writing, and analyzing skill set

置身于充满活力的学习环境

engage in a vibrant learning environment

学习新事物

learning new things

迎接新体验

embrace new experiences

拓展学生相关领域的知识

expand students' knowledge in relevant fields

多样化你的工作选择并帮助你拓展新技术

diversify your job options and help you develop new techniques

保持工作技能能跟得上时代

keep work skills up-to-date

提升你的受雇价值

increase your employment value

满足你的好奇心

gratify your curiosity

特别的用餐体验

have special dining experience

形成自己独特的体验并获取你感兴趣的信息

form your own unique experiences and take away information that interests you

证明博物馆参观对学生文化素养、批判性思维和解决问题能力的发展存在积极影响

demonstrate the positive impact of museum visits on the development of students' literacy, critical thinking and problem-solving abilities

博物馆是非正式学习环境的例子，这意味着它们主要致力于非正式教育一一这是一个终生的过程，通过此过程，人们可以从目常经验以及他或她的环境中的教育影响中获取态度、价值、技能和知识。

Museums are examples of informal learning environments,which means they are devoted primarily to informal educationa lifelong process whereby individuals acquire attitudes, values,skills, and knowledge from daily experience and the educative influences in his or her environment.

借助互联网的强大功能，无论何时只要可以访问，就可以保持与学习管理系统的连接。

With the power of the Internet, you’re able to stay connected to your learning management system whenever you have access

有许多为帮助你保持井井有条并将笔记保存在方便安全的位置而设计的应用程序。

There are numerous Apps designed to help you stay organized and keep your notes in a convenient and safe location.

如果你以电子版方式获取书籍，则无论去哪，你都可以轻松随身携带你的读物。

If you get your books electronically, you can easily take your reading with you wherever you go.

如果你仍然喜欢传统的印刷教科书，则仍可以结合使用纸质版和电子书两种形式，以适应自己的喜好。

If you still prefer the traditional printed textbook, you can still use a combination of both printed and e-book varieties to suit your preference.

当今的智能手机为提高参与度、增强学生的理解力和扩大课堂以外的学习范围提供了无限可能

Today’s smartphones offer endless possibilities for higher engagement, enhancement of student understanding and extension of learning beyond the classroom

通过手机获取知识

acquire knowledge via smartphones

利用手机紧跟新知识

keep up with new knowledge via phones

许多手机应用程序，例如用于语言和词汇的有道词典，使学习变得轻而易举。

Many mobile Apps, such as Youdao dictionary for languages and vocabulary, make learning instantly accessible.

教育发生了巨大改变，随着在线学习的显著兴起，教学可借此远程以及在数字平台上进行

Education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-leaning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms

世界各地的大学和学院正在通过在线（教育）的选择来发挥创意，以确保学生在家中的安全和健康。

Colleges and universities across the world are getting creative with online options to keep students safe and healthy at home.

父母与孩子正在迎接疫情时代的教育经历。尽管面临着各种各样的情绪，但他们在动荡中找到了一些希望。

Parents are embracing the COVID era education experience with their children. Although facing a range of emotions-they are finding some silver linings amid the upheaval.

学生可以按照自己的节奏学习，根据需要多次学习，搜索关键字，链接概念以及根据自己的技能水平重新排列教学模块。

Students can learn at their own pace, repeat as many times as required, do key-word searches, link concepts, and rearrange teaching modules based on their own skill levels.

高等教育的成本飞涨，新一代数字技术（例如手机，云计算，机器学习，AI,AR和VR）已经成熟，因此，沉浸式、个性化教育可以以比传统教育低得多的成本在线上大规模推行，并且父母，学生，教职员工和大学领导者大大降低了他们对在线学习的心理障碍。

The cost of higher education has been skyrocketing. A new generation of digital technologies--such as mobile, cloud computing, machine learning, Al, AR, and VRhave matured, so immersive and personalized education can be provided online at scale at a much lower cost than that of conventional education. And parents, students, faculty, and university leaders have significantly lowered their psychological barriers to online learning

第六层次：审美的需求

允许某人放慢脚步，欣赏周围的美景

allow oneself to slow down and appreciate the beauty around

欣赏旅途中的壮观风景

enjoy the splendid scenery in a jouney

拍摄美丽的照片

take beautiful pictures

享受总体的气氛

enjoy the general atmosphere

人们追求景观旅行是我们对日益忙碌，又被科技充斥之生活的一种反应。

People are seeking landscape tourism as a reaction against our increasingly busy, tech-filled lives

选择旅行作为释放压力的方式

choose travelling as a way to release pressure

一望无垠的开放空间，不见任何建筑物的空旷和异常的宁静会引起令人愉悦的冥想

the vast expanse of open space, absence of structures and preternatural silence can inspire pleasant musings

尽情享受绿意盎然，间有牛群点缀的乡村风景，以及村庄与古堡高高坐落在纯净湖边的无尽景致

savor endless views of verdant, cow-studded countryside as well as villages and castles situated high above pristine lakes

享受宁静而超越时间的环境让他们能够通过感受美丽的色彩，景观和芬芳来停下脚步，放松自己

Enjoying a peaceful and timeless environment gives them the ability to stop and relax by looking at the beautiful colors, sights and smelling scents.

尽情享受探索、发现、与对事物现况存疑的生活

relish a life of exploration, discovery and skepticism about the state ofthings

能够对基本的生活经历有深刻体会

be capable of deep appreciation of basic life-experience

在人生旅途中寻找意义、认知和喜悦

search for meaning, awareness and joy on our journey through life

对生活充满敬畏、惊奇和感激

have a sense of awe, wonder and gratitude about life

第七层次：自我实现的需求

在工作中达到期望

meet expectations in performing your job

以工作为荣

take pride in their jobs

培养我们工作中的创造性本能

nurture the creative instincts in our jobs

渴望新的挑战和成长

be hungry for new challenges and growth

将自己的能力提升到一个新的高度

expand our capabilities to a higher degree

最大程度发挥你的能力

make full use of your ability

maximize your ability

提升参与度和幸福感

improve engagement and well-being

把生活过到极致

live life to the fullest

全面表现出色

deliver solid performances across the board

在...中增长见识

gain insight from ...

获得更大的视野

achieve a much wider horizon/broaden one's horizon

走出舒适圈

step out of the comfort zone

尝试新鲜事物而非固守安全路线

try new things instead of sticking to safe paths

体验新鲜事物

experience something unfamiliar

打开更多我们现在无法想象的可能性

open up possibilities that we cannot now imagine

精通新事物并克服你一度认为自己无法完成的事情

master new things and overcome things you once thought you couldn't

看到投人未知这个举动而激发出自己的各种潜能让人感到很充实

be fulfilling to see what the act of plunging into the unknown has brought out in ourselves

面对艰巨的挑战和高要求的任务

face arduous challenges and high-demanding tasks

面对激烈的竞争

face intense/fierce competitions

比竞争对手更有优势

gain an edge over peers/opponents

在竞争中比对手更有优势

gain the advantages over your opponents

使你在职场求职者中脱颖而出

set you apart from other job candidates in the workplace

提供巨大的竞争优势

provide a substantial competitive advantage

跟上瞬息万变的科技与商业趋势

keep up with rapidly changing technology and business trends

努力在生活中茁壮成长

strive to thrive in life

实现梦想的起点

a starting point to live out dreams

作为跃向成功的跳板

act as a springboard to the final success

论证分析

个人原因：找需求

核心：人

2010：发达国家和发展中国家手机用户数量变化

为什么发展中国家用手机的人越来越多？

2011：国内部分轿车品牌市场份额的变化

为什么越来越多的人买国产车？

2012：某公司员工工作满意度调查

为什么四十多岁的人对工作如此不满意？

2013：某高校学生兼职情况

为什么这么多大四学生兼职？

2014：中国城乡人口变化

为什么大量人口从农村迁往城市？

2015：某市居民春节花销比例

为什么该市居民热衷于送礼？

2016：某校学生旅游目的调查

为什么大学生旅游的目的主要是欣赏风景和缓解压力？

2017：博物馆数量和参观人数

为什么越来越多的人去博物馆？

2018：某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素

为什么消费者最关心餐厅的特色？

2019：某高校毕业生去向

为什么越来越多的毕业生选择升学？

2020：某高校学生手机阅读目的调查

为什么越来越多的学生选择用手机学习知识？

借助互联网的强大功能，无论何时只要可以访问，就可以保持与学习管理系统的连接。

With the power of the Internet, you’re able to stay connected to your learning management system whenever you have access

有许多为帮助你保持井井有条并将笔记保存在方便安全的位置而设计的应用程序。

There are numerous Apps designed to help you stay organized and keep your notes in a convenient and safe location.

如果你以电子版方式获取书籍，则无论去哪，你都可以轻松随身携带你的读物。

If you get your books electronically, you can easily take your reading with you wherever you go.

如果你仍然喜欢传统的印刷教科书，则仍可以结合使用纸质版和电子书两种形式，以适应自己的喜好。

If you still prefer the traditional printed textbook, you can still use a combination of both printed and e-book varieties to suit your preference.

当今的智能手机为提高参与度、增强学生的理解力和扩大课堂以外的学习范围提供了无限可能

Today’s smartphones offer endless possibilities for higher engagement, enhancement of student understanding and extension of learning beyond the classroom

通过手机获取知识

acquire knowledge via smartphones

利用手机紧跟新知识

keep up with new knowledge via phones

许多手机应用程序，例如用于语言和词汇的有道词典，使学习变得轻而易举。

Many mobile Apps, such as Youdao dictionary for languages and vocabulary, make learning instantly accessible.

教育发生了巨大改变，随着在线学习的显著兴起，教学可借此远程以及在数字平台上进行

Education has changed dramatically, with the distinctive rise of e-leaning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms

父母与孩子正在迎接疫情时代的教育经历。尽管面临着各种各样的情绪，但他们在动荡中找到了一些希望。

Parents are embracing the COVID era education experience with their children. Although facing a range of emotions-they are finding some silver linings amid the upheaval.

学生可以按照自己的节奏学习，根据需要多次学习，搜索关键字，链接概念以及根据自己的技能水平重新排列教学模块。

Students can learn at their own pace, repeat as many times as required, do key-word searches, link concepts, and rearrange teaching modules based on their own skill levels.

高等教育的成本飞涨，新一代数字技术（例如手机，云计算，机器学习，AI,AR和VR）已经成熟，因此，沉浸式、个性化教育可以以比传统教育低得多的成本在线上大规模推行，并且父母，学生，教职员工和大学领导者大大降低了他们对在线学习的心理障碍。

The cost of higher education has been skyrocketing. A new generation of digital technologies--such as mobile, cloud computing, machine learning, Al, AR, and VRhave matured, so immersive and personalized education can be provided online at scale at a much lower cost than that of conventional education. And parents, students, faculty, and university leaders have significantly lowered their psychological barriers to online learning

及时方便地获取知识

access knowledge timely and conveniently

扩大自己的知识储备

enlarge one's knowledge reserve

2021：居民锻炼方式调查

为什么该市居民热衷于独自锻炼？

2022：快递业务量变动

为什么人们寄取快递的数量越来越多？

行业原因：找发展

核心：客体

人为什么做出某种行为—>某行业的发展提供了相应的“产品”—>该“产品”满足人产生此行为的需求

2010：发达国家和发展中国家手机用户数量变化

客体是手机，客观原因是快速发展的手机行业为发展中国家的人提供了更多价格低廉的手机产品

2011：国内部分轿车品牌市场份额的变化

客体是汽车，客观原因是国产汽车行业的发展，使国产汽车的价格更低

2012：某公司员工工作满意度调查

客体是公司，客观原因是公司的发展导致了更高的工作强度

2013：某高校学生兼职情况

客体是公司，客观原因是公司的发展造就了更多的实习岗位和兼职岗位

2014：中国城乡人口变化

客体是城市，客观原因是城市的发展给人们提供了更多公共资源和发展机会

2015：某市居民春节花销比例

客体是礼物，客观原因是礼品行业的发展给人们提供了更多价格实惠、品类多样的礼物

2016：某校学生旅游目的调查

客体是旅游，客观原因是旅游业的发展，给学生提供了风景优美、价格可承担的旅游机会

2017：博物馆数量和参观人数

客体是博物馆，客观原因是博物馆/文化行业的发展使更多富有创意、价格亲民的展览面向公众

2018：某市消费者选择餐厅时的关注因素

客体是餐厅，客观原因是餐饮行业的发展，使餐厅能够提供更多价格亲民的特色菜品

2019：某高校毕业生去向

客体是大学，客观原因是教育行业的发展，产生了更多的教育机构，使学生有更多的机会去升学

2020：某高校学生手机阅读目的调查

客体是手机，客观原因是互联网行业的发展，为学生提供了更多获取知识的途径

2021：居民锻炼方式调查

客体是健身，客观原因是健身行业的发展，为居民提供了更多可以独自锻炼的器材和软件，让居民的健身方式更加自由

2022：快递业务量变动

客体是快递物流，客观原因是网络购物行业的蓬勃发展使得越来越多的居民选择网络购物，并且网络购物有着更好的体验