导图社区 Unit4 Relationships
Unit4 Relationships学习笔记,适用于预习、复习的参照。适用于考前复习,也可以综合其他资料使用。
编辑于2022-12-04 19:53:58 甘肃Unit4Relationships
单词
care for 照顾 e.g.(⑴)The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 那位 母亲日夜守护着生病的孩子。 (⑵)Who will care for the pets? 宠物谁来照顾?
grow up 长大 e.g.(1) It is said that he grew up in a small village. 据说他在一个 小村庄长大。 (2) He wants to be a lawyer when he grows up. 他长大了想 当律师。
completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ ad. 完全地,彻底地 e.g.(⑴)I have forgotten the meeting completely. 我完全把这个 会给忘了。 (⑵)This is a completely new school. 这是一个全新的学校。
give birth to 生(孩子) e.g.(⑴)She gave birth to a healthy baby. 她生了一个健康小宝宝。 (⑵)They decided to give birth to another child. 他们决定再 生一个孩子。
twin /twɪn/ n. 双胞胎 e.g.(⑴)Many twins look just alike. 很多双胞胎长得很像。 (⑵)She gave birth to twins. 她生了双胞胎。 adj. 双胞胎的 e.g.(⑴)I often mistake him for his twin brother. 我经常把他认错, 以为他是他的双胞胎哥哥。 (⑵)I don’t know she has a twin sister. 我不知道她有一个双胞 胎妹妹。
cancel /ˈkænsl/ vt. 取消 e.g.(⑴)Do we need to cancel the party? 我们需要取消这次聚会吗? (⑵)The flight was cancelled because of the heavy rain. 由于 大雨,航班取消了。
grow up 长大 e.g.(1) It is said that he grew up in a small village. 据说他在一个 小村庄长大。 (2) He wants to be a lawyer when he grows up. 他长大了想 当律师。
government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 e.g.(⑴)The government is making a new policy. 政府正在制定一 项新政策。 (⑵)The government should do something to help the poor. 政府应该做些事情帮助穷人。
interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. 采访,会面 e.g.(⑴)His father had an interview with his teacher. 他父亲去见了他 的老师。 (⑵)Daniel refused to give an interview to the reporter. 丹尼尔 拒绝接受该记者采访。
yearly /ˈjɪəlɪ/ adj. 每年的,一年一度的 e.g.(⑴)This celebration is a yearly event. 这个庆祝活动每年举办一次。 (⑵)What’s his yearly income? 他一年收入多少?
unfortunately /ˌʌnˈfɔːtʃənətlɪ/ adv. 遗憾的是 e.g.(⑴)Unfortunately the magazine is not available in our library. 很遗憾,我们图书馆没有这本杂志。 (⑵)Unfortunately he cancelled his appointment with the dentist. 很遗憾他取消了和牙医的预约。
check-up /ˈtʃekʌp/ n. 体格检查 e.g.(⑴)You should have check-ups regularly. 你应该定期体检。 (⑵)Have you had the yearly check-up? 你的年度体检做了吗?
短语
give birth to:_生(孩子)
give away: 泄露(秘密等);送掉,分发(奖品等);放弃(机会等) give back: _(归)还 give in: 屈服,让步
give off:发出(光、热、声音、气味等)
give out:_发出(光,热等);耗尽,筋疲力尽 give up: 放弃,认输
副词分类
一、副词分类
副词, 按词的构成, 分为简单副词( 如 always, ever,
never)和派生副词。大多数派生副词由形容词加 -ly构成
(如 gladly, carefully)。按词的意义,又可分为方式副词
(如 slowly, quickly),程度副词(如 almost, nearly),
时间副词(如 ago, today, hardly ever),地点副词(如
here, there),等等。
Grammar check
Grammar notesAdverbs(副词)
二、兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式:一是与形容词同形,二是由该形
容词加 -ly 构成。这两种不同的形式,有些含义相同,有
些略有不同,有些完全不同,选择若干简介如下:
[1] late 迟,晚 lately 近来,最近
[2] most 最,非常 mostly 多半,通常
[3] pretty 相当地,颇 prettily 漂亮地
[4] close 近 closely 仔细地,严密地
[5] easy (仅用于少数成语)容易地 easily 容易地,可能地
[6] hard 努力 hardly 几乎不
[7] quick / quickly 均作“快,迅速地”解,前者在口语中
常用以代替后者,但在动词前只能用 quickly。
[8] right 作“向右(边)”解时表示“方向”,也能作
“正确地,有理地,正当地”解。
Grammar check
Grammar notesAdverbs(副词)
三、副词的句法功能
副词的句法功能有二:一是作修饰语,二是作状语。前
者是短语成分,后者是句子成分。
1.副词作修饰语可以修饰[1]形容词,[2]副词,[3]动词,
[4]名词短语,[5]介词短语等,例如:
[1] I’m very busy just now. 我此刻很忙。
[2] I’ve been there more than once. 我去过那里不止一次。
[3] I quite agree with you. 我很同意你的看法。
[4] That’s quite another story. 那完全是另外一回事。
[5] I was just in time for school. 我勉强赶上了上学时间。
Grammar check
Grammar notesAdverbs(副词)
2. 副词作状语可以表示[1]时间,[2]地点,[3]方式等,位
置比较灵活,例如:
[1] Yesterday I was busy. 昨天我很忙。
[2] He went quietly downstairs. 他蹑手蹑脚地下楼去。
[3] He was sitting in the office quietly. 他默默地坐在办公室。
有些副词也可以表示说话人对话语的态度,作评注性状
语,通常位于句首,例如:
Unfortunately, I won’t be able to come. 抱歉,我来不了了。
Grammar check
Grammar notesAdverbs(副词)
注意,express 在下例[1]中是名词,在下例[2]中是副词:
[1] Murder on the Orient Express 东方快车谋杀案
[2] I’d like to send this express, please. 劳驾,我要寄快递。
写作
1. 电话接待客户
Receptionist: 问候:Good morning/afternoon!
自我介绍:工作场所,人名,speaking客套表达:How can l help you?
Customer: 礼貌回复:Good morning/afternoon!
自我介绍:This is ... speaking
表达意愿: Could I speak to/I have an appointment for
this afternoon, but unfortunately I won't be able to come.
2.和朋友打电话
Friend:礼貌开始:Good morning/afternoon!
自我介绍:This is .. speaking表达意愿: Could I speak to..?
Me: 问候:Good morning/afternoon!
确认身份:This is ... speaking
Friend:表达意愿:Long time no see/ How have you been recently?/How's it going lately/ How are you?/ What's up?
Find expressions in the two emails that are either formal or informal. Dear Mr Black•I apologise for being unable to come to school … Formal… hope to be back at school again tomorKind regards I’m sorry that I can’t come to your birthday party …I hope you have a great time. Informa。Perhaps we can meet next week, …Let me know.All the best Peter
Writing要点总结
更改预约的信件:
1.表达自己的歉意:I’m sorry that; I apologize for/that…
2. 用as说明原因
3. 表达自己的意愿
4. 结尾祝福语: All the best; Kind regards
5. 自己的名字
6. 齐头式
语法
1. People have been able to save money because one child costs much less than two or three children. 英语中表示“花费”之意的常用动词有cost,spend和take。但这三个动词用法有所不同。cost一般表示某物花费多少金钱,主语通常是物;take通常表示做某事花费多长时间,主语是事; spend则既可以用于表示某人花费时间也可以表示某人花费金钱,主语是人。如: 图)The mobile phone cost him 3,000 yuan. 手机花了他3000元。 (图 )Writing the book took him a lot of time.写这本书花了他很多时间 )I spent two hours on reading every day. 我每天花两小时看书。 值得注意的是,在课文的这个句子中,尽管主语是one child,但并不表示one child花钱去购物或什么的,而是表示养一个孩子的开销,所以这里使用了动词cost。
2.But these parents do not have children to care for them when thev are old and cannot work because their one child has to take care of their own family. 这里的cannot 是can not的另一种书写形式,虽然两种写法都可以,但cannot比can not更常见。
3. However, in 2007, about 30 delegates asked the government to cancel the One-Child Policy however用作连词,表示“然而,但是”的意思时,它不能像 but那样用来连接两个从句,而通常是重新引起一个句子。比较: (图 )We arrived on time but we could not stop him. (图)We arrived on time. However, we could not stop him 此外,however可以放在句子开头、句中或者句尾,但无论在句子什么位置,however都要用逗号将其与句子其余部分分开。
4.In 2013 the Chinese government said that families where one parent is an only child could have two children. 这个句子结构稍微有点复杂。“that families where one parent is an only child could have two children”为主句谓语动词said所带的宾语从句。在这个宾语从句中划线部分是从句的主干部分,即主语、谓语和宾语,“where one parent is an only child”这一部分则是修饰families的定语从句,表示“父母有一方是独生子女的家庭”
5.My parents are always comparing me to my sister who is so good at school. always与现在进行时连用,表示某人老是做某种事,令人很烦。如: (图)Mark is always borrowing my money. 马克老是找我借钱。 (图)He is always ringing me in the early morning. 他总是大清早给我 打电话。
6.remember when l was young l always wanted a brother or sister to play with. 当不及物动词不定式跟在某个词后做后置定语时,由于该动词与其修饰的词之间构成动宾关系,所以此类动词一定要带上相应的介词。如: ? )He needs someone to talk to. 他需要一个人说说话。@ )She is looking for a house to live in.她在找房子住。 所以,课文中的这个句子play后面带有with就是因为只有带有这个介词with,动词短语play with才能与前面的a brother on ictorte
7.ButI still do not think I will have a second child. ] 英语中,如果主句谓语动词think, believe, suppose,imagine年表示心理活动的动词带有否定形式的宾语从句时,常将否定词 ot前移至主句谓语动词前构成否定形式,从而形成“形式上否定句而实际上否定宾语从句”的语法现象。如: )I don't think it is necessary for us to waste so much time on this. 我认为我们没必要为此浪费这么多的时间。 )I don't think he is a good writer. 我认为他不是一个好作家。]当序数词作定语时,一般要加定冠词,但当表示“再一,又一”通常加不定冠词。如: )Shall l ring him a third time?(我已经打过两次电话了)我还要再给他打一次电话吗? )May I try a second time? 我可不可以再试一次?
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