非谓语动词英语学习

非谓语动词的超全总结来啦！非谓语动词的用法广泛，下图从做状语 、作定语 、 做主语 、做宾语 、做宾补 、做表语、分词 、不定式 等方面总结了非谓语动词的用法，十分详细全面，欢迎补充或者讨论哦！

非谓语动词

• 做状语
  • 不定式-表目的
    • 做结果状语表出乎意料 He returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.
  • 现在分词-表几乎同时进行
    • 现在分词的完成式having done. I got to the office earlier that day , having caughting the 7:30 train fromBeijing.
      • 完成式的被动式having been done 表动作发生于谓语动作之前，与主语被动关系Having been asked to work ,i missed a wonderful film.
  • 过去分词-表被动Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.
• 作定语
  • 现在分词There is a girl waiting for her mother.
  • 不定式His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.
  • 固定词后用to do 做后定chance,right,courage,promise,time,opportunity,way,the first,the second,thelast, the only
  • 不定式作定语和所修饰的词在逻辑上是主谓关系There is no one to look after her.
  • 不定式与所修饰的词在逻辑上动宾关系She is now looking for a room to live in.
  • 过去分词做定语与所修饰的词是被动完成His first book published last month is based on a true story.
• 做主语
  • 动名词做主语1.Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 2.It is no use crying over spilt milk.
  • 不定式做主语1.To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.2. It is important to respect people.
• 做宾语
  • 固定后加不定式的词：afford,promise,refuse,expect,hope,learn,offer,wish,want,fail,plan,afree,forget,like,prefer,manage,try,arrange,determine,desire,
  • 动词come,get,grow后加不定期表“逐渐地……”
  • 疑问词加不定式(做主宾表)的词：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,forget,ask,find out,advise,discuss
  • 固定后加动名词做宾语的词：admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest
  • 后加动名词的动词短语：can't stand,give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,look forward to,put off,devote…to,object to,be busy (in),get down to,have difficulty/trouble (in),have a good/wonderful /hard time(in),have fun(in) ,spend time (in)
  • 介词后加动名词做宾：what about,how about,be fond of,be good at,on/upon 后加动名词表“一……，就”On arriving /his arrival at the station,he found the train had just started.
  • 通常动名词表习惯性倾向动作，不定式表某一特定或具体动作I like listening to music ,but today i don't like to.
• 做宾补
  • 现在分词做宾补表主动，表进行。接现在分词做宾补的词有have,see,find,get,leave,notice,watch,keep,start,set,catch,smell,feel,send,listen to,look at.I won't have you speaking to your dad like that.
  • 过去分词做宾补1.及物动词过去分词做宾补与宾动宾关系2.不及物动词过去分词做宾补与宾语主谓关系，多表动作已完成。接过去分词做宾补的词有have,see,hear,find,leave,want,make.I was surprised to find my honetown changed so much.
  • 接不定式做补语的词有advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,like,mean,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,tell,want,warn,wish,call on ,depend on/upon,long for,wait for
  • with +宾语+宾补(独立主格结构)1.The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.2.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gadly accepted it.3.With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
  • 接不带to的不定式做宾补的词有make,have,let等使役动词以及see,watch,notice,observe,look at,feel,hear,listen to等感官动词。如果这些动词用于被动语态，还原to。动词help后to可加可省。She was seen to enter the manager's office ten minutes ago.
• 做表语
  • 动名词做表语表明主语内容:The queen's work is laying eggs.
  • 不定式做表语说明主语尚未发生的动作或表将来的动作His ambition is to go to Harvard University..
  • 现在分词或过去分词做表语，通常为分词化的形容词
• 分词
  • 一般现在式doing(主动)，being done(被动)
  • 现在完成式having done(主动)，having been done(被动)
  • 一般过去式doing(vi.表完成)，done(vt.表被动完成)
• 不定式
  • 一般式 to do(主动) to be done(被动)
  • 进行式to be doing(主动)，无被动
  • 完成式to have done(主动)，to have been done(被动)
• 动名词
  • 一般式doing (主动) being done (被动)
  • 完成式having done(主动)having been done(被动式)
• 作文易错点
  • 缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识。1.We thought it wrong for her to be punish.改为to be punished.2.The man lay on his back,with his whole day buring in the sand. 改为buried
  • 缺少搭配意识Would you please stop to watch TV?You have watched it for to long.改为stop watching.2.Your suit needs to iron.改为Your suit needs ironing.或者Your suit needs to be ironed.
  • 缺少前后主语一致意识Before handing in your test paper,it is necessary to go over the whole paper.改为1.Before handing in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper.2.Before you hand in your test paper,you should go over the whole paper.
  • 缺少结构意识1.Time permits,i'll talk for another hour.改为 Tine permitting,i'll talk for another hour.2.Haing not been in the city long,i was still a stranger there.改为Not having been in the city long,i was still a stranger there.
• 特注
  • 物做主语后接doing主动形式表被动意义，等于接动词不定式的被动式，此类词有deserve,want,require,need.The patient required to be examined.=The patient required examining.
• 易错点
  • after 时间状从(本身表先后):After i caught the 7:30train fromBeijing,i got to the office earlier.
  • because原因状从(时态向前推一个)Because i had caught. the train,i got to the office earlier.