微生物学绪论

微生物学绪论的思维导图，内容有Structure of Bacteria、 Physiology of Bacteria (Physicochemical Properties of Bacteria).

Basic Characters of Bacteria

• Structure of Bacteria
  • Basic structures
    • cell wall
    • cell membrane
      • Functions 1) Transportation 2) Respiration 3) Biosynthesis 4) Secretion
    • cytoplasm
      • (1) Ribosome
      • (2) plasmid
      • (3) cytoplasmic granules (inclusion)
    • nuclear material (nucleoid)
  • Special Structures
    • capsule
      • Functions of capsule: 1) protect from phagocytosis, the lytic action of complements and the damage of antimicrobial agents. 2) promote adherence to other bacteria or to host tissue surface 3) form biofilm
    • flagellum
      • functions 1) Motility 2) Antigenicity (H–Ag) 3) Associated with pathogenicity 4) Differentiation for B
    • pilus
    • spore
      • function: high resistance
• Physiology of Bacteria (Physicochemical Properties of Bacteria)
  • 3 Physiology of Bacteria
    • 一、Chemical composition of B
      • water inorganic salts carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids
    • 二、physical properties of B
      • optical property surface area charged phenomenon(negative) semi-permeability osmotic pressure
  • 4 Nutrition & Growth of B
    • 一 Types of Nutrition 二 Adequate nutrients 三 Nutrient transportation of B
    • Condition for B growth and multiplication
      • 1. Right and sufficient nutrients 2. pH 3. Temperature 4. Aeration 5. Osmotic pressure
    • Growth and Multiplication of Bacteria
      • (一) Growth and multiplication of Individual 1. binary fission 2. 20-30 min / Generation
      • (二) Growth and multiplication of bacterial population
        • 1. lag phase: 1~4 h growth curve 2. logarithmic phase: 8~18h 3. stationary phase 4. decline phase
  • 5 Metabolism of bacteria
    • 一、Energy metabolism of B
      • Respiration Fermentation
    • 二、Metabolic products of B
      • (一) Catabolism and biochemical reaction
        • 1. sugar fermentation 2. VP 3. methyl red 4. citrate utilization 5. Indole 6. H2S 7. Urease
      • （二）Anabolic Products of B
        • 1. Pyrogen 2. Toxin and invasive enzyme 3. Pigment 4. Antibiotics 5. Bacteriocin 6. Vitamin
    • 三、Cultivation of B
      • Growth of B in culture medium
        • (一) Liquid medium or broth (二) Solid agar medium (三) Semi–solid agar medium
      • Usage of Bacterial culture
        • 1.Diagnosis,prevention and treatment of infectious diseases 2.Characterization of B 3.Preparation of vaccine toxoid and other biologic products 4.Application in industry and agriculture 5.Uses for genetic engineering
  • 6 Morphological identification and Cultivation of B
    • 一、 Morphological Identification
      • Non-staining Staining Gram stain Acid – fast stain
  • 7 Classification and Naming of B
    • Genus（属）
      • Species（种）
        • subspecies
          • (Variety)
            • Serotype Phage – type Bacteriocin type Biotype
        • Type