翻译学导论第一章

翻译学的主要方面 小结:翻译研究是一个相对较新的研究领域,近年来获得了迅猛发展。翻译以前是作为语言学习的一种方法,或是比较文学、翻译工作坊和对比语言学课程的一部分。

Main issues of translation studies

• the concept of translation
  • translation, 1340, derives from Old French or the Latin
  • several meanings
    • genral subject field or phenomenon
    • product
    • service: process of producing the translation
      • Source text (ST)-Target text (TT)
      • source language (SL)-target language (TL)
  • Roman Jakobson (1896–1982)
    • intralingual translation
    • interlingual translation
    • intersemiotic translation
• what is translation studies
  • began in the second half of the twentieth century
  • US scholar James S. Holmes
  • features
    • specialized translating and interpreting programmes
    • more conferences, books and journals on translation in many languages
    • general and analytical instruments
      • anthologies, databases, encyclopedias, handbooks and introductory texts
    • international organizations
• Early history
  • practice of translation
    • West
      • Bible
    • China
      • Buddhist sutras
  • history
    • language learning
      • grammar-translation
        • direct method
        • communicative approach
    • 1960s USA
      • translation workshop
        • literary translation
          • comparative literature
        • contrastive linguistics（1930成为系统研究领域，1960.70脱颖而出）
          • identify general and specific differences between two languages
          • inguistics-based models
            • generative grammar
            • functional linguistics
            • pragmatics
• The Holmes/Toury 'map'
  • a distinct discipline
    • James S. Holmes’s ‘The name and nature of translation studies’
  • • 详见pages17-21
• Developments since Holmes
  • Contrastive linguistics
  • the skopos theory of Reiss and Vermeer
    • text types and text purpose
  • discourse analysis and systemic function （Hallidayan influence-the early 1990s
  • descriptive approach-late 1970s and the 1980s
  • polysystem（Susan Bassnett and Theo Hermans）
    • Hermans：Manipulation School
    • Bassnett：cultural turn
  • 1990s
    • gender research
      • Sherry Simon
    • Cannibalist School
      • Else Vieira
    • postcolonial translation
    • greater visibility and recognition of the translator
      • Lawrence Venuti
  • new areas
    • machine and automatic translation, audiovisual and multimodal translation, localization and corpus-based translation studie
• The van Doorslaer "map" p:22
• Discipline, interdiscipline or multidiscipline
  • notable characteristic of recent research：interdisciplinary