美国文学思维导图

本思维导图包括时期，年代，诗人还有主要著作思想。 本思维导图齐全，逻辑清晰。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性。美国文学发展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。

美国文学

• The Colonial period (1607-1765)
  • cutilitarian polemical didactic symbolism plainness
  • John Smith(1580-1631)
    • A Map of Virginia (1612)
    • A Description of the Country (1616)
  • William Bradford(1590-1657)
    • Of Plimmoth Plantation(1856)
  • John Mason(1600-1672)
    • A Brief History of the Pequot War
  • Mary Rowlandson
    • The Narrative of the Captivity Restoration of Mrs.Mary Rowlandson(1682)
  • Roger Williams (1603-1683)
    • The Bloody Tenet of Persecution for the Cause of Conscience
  • Anne Bradstreet(1612-1672)
    • Puritan
    • The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America(1650)
    • To my Dear and Loving Husband
  • Michael Wiggiesworth(1631-1705)
    • The Day of Doom(1662)
  • Edward Taylor(1645-1729)
    • The Poems of Edward(1961)
  • Francis Higginson(1586-1630)
    • New England's Plantation(1630)
• The Age of Reason and Revolution (1765-1800)
  • Johnathan Edwards(1703-1758)
    • The freedom of the will(1754)
    • The Nature of True Virtue(1765)
  • Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)
    • The spokesman of enlightenment in the 18th-century America The first symbol of self-made America man
    • Poor Richard's Almanac《穷查理年鉴》1732-1758
    • The way to wealth
      • thrift carefulness and independence
    • Autobiography《富兰克林自传》1771-1790
  • Thomas Paine(1737-1809)
    • Common Sense
    • The Rights of Man
    • The Age of Reason
    • They spread the ideals of the Frence Revolution among the people
  • Philip Freneau
    • Father of American Poetry
    • The Wild Honey-Suckle
    • The Indian Burying Ground
    • The Dying Indian
• The Age of Romanticism (1800-1865)
  • The Sketch Book signs the beginning of the Amrica literature
  • Early Romantics
    • The Fireside Poets (schoolroom)
      • New England poets(the Victorian culture、 conventional conservative and imitative 、Modern criticism )
      • William Cullen Bryant （1794-1878）
        • Thanatopsis(1811)《死亡随想》
        • To a Waterfowl(1815)《致水鸟》
          • lyric poet of eight four-lines stanzas rhymedABAB,CDCD,EFEF.)Celebration of nature
        • Iiad(1870)《伊利亚特》
      • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882)
        • A Psalm of Life 《人生礼赞》
          • Pattern:ABAB,CDCD,EFEF Tone:hopeful,optimistic Theme:Though life is hard and every must die,humanbeings ought to face the reality straightly so as to make otherwise meaningless life significant
        • Daybreak《破晓》
        • My Lost Youth《逝去的青春》
    • Fiction Writers
      • James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)
        • Symbols black background
        • The Leather-stocking Tales
          • Central figure :Natty Bumppo
          • The Last of the Mohicans(1826)
            • Themes:Romanticism Friendship Heroism Evils of the colonialists
          • The Prairie(1827)
          • The Pathfinder(1840)
          • The Deerslayer(1841)
          • The Pioneers
        • The Spy《间谍》1821
        • The Pilot 《领航者》1824
      • Washington Irving (1783-1859)
        • tales about America (features of writing: decorun、humor、imagination)
        • The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon,Gent《见闻札记》
          • Rip Van Winkle《瑞普.凡.温克尔》
          • The Legend of Sleepy Hollow《睡谷传说》
        • The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Colubus《哥伦布传》
  • Transcendentalism
    • nature,individualism,indepence of mind self-reliance ,spirit.
    • Ralph Waldo Emerson
      • The American Scholar
        • The "Declaration of intellectual Independence"
      • Nature(1836)《论自然》
        • the manifests or the Bible of New England Transcendentalism
    • Henry David Thoreau
      • Enthusiasm wit,humor,irony metaphor
      • Walden《瓦尔登湖》1854
        • Great Transcendentalist work major theame:regeneration a spiritual book a belletristic achievement a satirical criticism of modern life and living. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life a nature book
          • 子主题
      • Civil Disobedience《论公民的不服从》1849
  • Hign Romantics
    • Nathaniel Hawthorne （1804-1864）
      • The most influential novelist in Romantic peroid
      • The Scarlet Letter《红字》
        • the moral,emotional,and psychological effect of the sin.
      • The Marble Faun《玉石雕像》
    • Herman Melville （1819-1891）
      • Moby Dick《白鲸》1851
        • Self vs.the hostile world Alienation Symbolic quest of truth and knowledge loeliness and suicidal individualism
      • Pierre《皮埃尔》
    • Edgar Allan Poe （1809-1849）
      • father of modern short story father of detective story father of psychoanalytic criticism
      • Annable Lee《安娜贝尔.李》
      • To Helen《致海伦》
      • The Fall of the House of Usher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》
    • Emily Dickison （1830-1886）
      • America's best-known female poet religion,death,immortality,love,and nature
      • Because I Could Not Stop for Death《因为我不能等待死神》
      • At Last to pray is left《至少还剩下祈祷》
    • Walt Whitman （1819-1892）
      • free verse
      • Leaves of Grass《草叶集》1855
      • Song myself《自我之歌》
• The Age of Realism (1865-1918)
  • Contemporary life and everyday scenes
  • Realism
    • William Dean Howells (1837-1920)
      • Dean of American Realism Writing Features:Optimistic tone Moral development Lacking of Psychological depth
      • The Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯.拉帕姆的发迹》1885
      • Criticism and fiction《批评与小说》1891
    • William Sydney Porter (O.Henry)1862-1910
      • a prolific American short-story writer
      • The Cop and The Anthem《警察与赞美诗》
      • The Voice of the City《城市之声》
    • Henry James (1843-1916)
      • a representative writer of psychological realism
      • The Portrait of a lady《贵妇画像》
        • Major themes:American versus European Chanacter Social and Emotional Maturation
      • The American 《美国人》
      • The Golden Bowl《金碗》
    • Sherwood Anderson （1876-1941）
      • Writing Features:simple,easy,direct
      • Winesburg,Ohil《小城畸人》1919
      • Poor White《穷白人》1920
      • Death in the Woods《林中之死》1933
  • Local Color Fiction
    • Mark Twain (1835-1910)
      • Innocents Abroad《傻子出国记》1869
      • The Adventures of Tom Sawyer《汤姆.索亚历险记》 1876
      • The Adventures of Huckleberry Finne《哈克贝里.费恩历险记》1884
      • Life on the Mississippi《密西西比河上》1883
    • Harriet Beecher Stowe （1811-1896）
      • Uncle Tom's Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》1852
        • the evil of slavery
  • Naturalism
    • Theodore Dreiser (1871-1845)
      • Sister Carrie《嘉莉妹妹》
        • Materalism American dream
      • An American Tragedy《美国悲剧》
      • His "Trilogy of Desire"《欲望三部曲》
        • The Financier《金融家》1912
        • The Titan 《巨人》1914
        • The Stoic 《斯多噶》
    • Jack London (1876-1916)
      • a spokesman for the working class love ,vivid frank great will
      • The Call for the Wild《野性的呼唤》1903
      • White Fang 《白牙》1906
      • Martin Eden《马丁.伊登》
• The Age of Modernism (20th)
  • Imagism
    • Thomas Stearns Eliot 《托马斯.斯特尔那斯.艾略特》1888-1965
      • The Waste Land 《荒原》1922
      • The Hollow Man《空心人》1925
    • Ezra Pound
      • Father of modern America poetry America's first self-conscious innovator in poetry
      • Cathay《华夏》1915
      • Cantos《诗章》1970
        • language,intricate and obscure no fixed framworks no central theme
    • Robert Frost （1874-1896）
      • The Road Not Taken《未选择的路》
      • Love and A Queation
      • Minding Wall《修墙》
    • Wallace Stevens (1879-1955)
      • self-assured humanist tradition, order, pleasure chaotic
      • The Snow Man
      • Ideas of Order 《秩序的概念》1935
      • The Man with the Blue Guitar《带蓝色吉他的人》
  • Lost Generatin
    • Scott Fitzgerabld
      • The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》
      • Tender Is the Night《夜色温柔》
      • The Last Tycoon 《最后的大亨》1941
• the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame the father of American short stories
• It is the first to reveal the west and Native Americans' life in a passionate way.
• America dream