unit12 teaching writing

833，王蔷，介绍了一种交际性写作方法和过程性写作方法。交际性写作活动可以是“为了学习而写作”或“为了交流而写作”，或者介于两者之间。这些方法主要基于准确性，旨在练习特定的目标结构。过程性写作方法则更强调写作过程，让学生在写作过程中发现自己想说什么，并在整个写作过程中给予他们反馈，以帮助他们将表达更接近他们的意图。

unit12 teaching writing

• what do we write
  • writing is a real-life reality.
  • We write letters, journals, notes, instructions, posters, essays, reports, menus, etc
• why do we write?
  • we write for various reasons, to convey messages, to keep a record of what is in our mind, to communicate, to raise awareness of how lanhguage works, to become more familiar with the linguistic and social conventions of writing in English, etc.
• how do we write
  • writing can be both collaborative and solitary
• EFL writing vs writing in reality
  • two major differences
    • "writing as language learning" (to consolidate language that is recently studied) vs"writing for wommunication" (to convey messages or for self creation
    • EFLwriting tasks focus on the product ranther than process, ignoring planning, drafting, rewriting stages
      • →we should make ss want to write in the first place, then teach them how to write.
• a communicative approach to writing
  • mechanical writing activities do not by themselves motivate students. To motivate students, it is necessary to engage theme in some act of communication. In short, students can be motivated by authentic writing tasks that have some communicative elements.
  • with different audiences and different purposesm the writing piece could vary greatly
  • writing activities can be "writing for learning“，"writing for communication" and somewhere between
• problems in writing tasks
  • they are mainly accuracy-based
  • they are designed to practice a certain target structures
  • there is insufficient preparation before the writing stage
  • there is no sense of audience
  • there is no sense of authenticity
  • ss are given ideas to express rather than being invited to invent their own
  • there is no opportunity for creative writing, for expressing unusual for original ideas.
  • many of the m are test-oriented
• a proccess approach to writing
  • features of process writing
    • focus on the process of writing that leads to the final written product
    • help ss undertand their own composing process
    • help ss build repertoires of strategies for prewriting, drafting, and rewriting
    • give ss time to write and rewrite
    • place central importance on the process of revision
    • let ss discover what they want to say as they write
    • give ss feedback throughout the composing process to consider as they aatempt to bring theri expression closer and closer to intention
    • encourage feedback both from the instructor and peers
    • include individual conferences between t and s during the process of composition