英语单词常用词根词缀——第2篇

这份大纲聚焦高频词根词缀，助你高效背单词： 行为动作类词根：如ject（扔）、scribe（写）、grad（行走） 前缀/后缀功能：表否定（如un）、程度（如ish）或词性（如able形容词后缀） 字母AF重点：fract（打破）、fuse（倾倒）、hibit（持有）等 捆绑/选择相关：lig（绑）、lect（选）、lax（松开） 用词根逻辑串联词汇，背单词不再碎片化！

• 英语单词常用词根词缀2
  • 常见前缀
    • 1. 表示否定、相反
      • ① un- (= 不，非，无)
        • unhappy (不开心的), uncover (揭露)
      • ② non- (= 不，非，无)
        • nonsense (废话), non-binding (不具约束力的)
      • ③ dis- (= 否定)
        • discourage (使灰心), disinfect (杀菌/消毒), disapprove (不同意)
      • ④ il-, im-, in-, ir- (= 不，无)
        • illegible (难以辨认的), immature (不成熟的), incomplete (不完全的), irrelevant (不相关的)
      • ⑤ anti- (= 反对)
        • antipathy (反感), antinuclear (反对使用核能的)
      • ⑥ contra- (= 反对)
        • contrary (相反的), contradict (反驳;与…矛盾)
      • 2. 表示时间
      • ① pre- (= 预先，前)
        • preface (序言), preview (预习)
      • ② fore- (= 预先，前)
        • foresee (预见，预知), forehead (前额)
      • ③ ante- (= 预先，前)
        • antecedent (先行的), antedate (先于;早于)
      • ④ post- (= 后)
        • postpone (推迟), postwar (战后的)
      • 3. 表示方位
      • ① inter- (= 在……之间)
        • interior (内部), interfere (干涉;干扰)
      • ② en-, em- (= 使进入)
        • enclose (围住), embrace (拥抱)
      • ③ e-, ex- (= 出，向外)
        • emit (发出), eject (弹出), export (出口), excerpt (摘录)
      • ④ extra- (= 超出)
        • extraordinary (不平常的), extracurricular (课外的)
      • ⑤ tele- (= 远的)
        • telegram (电报), telescope (望远镜)
      • ⑥ super- (= 在……之上)
        • superb (极好的), superficial (肤浅的)
      • ⑦ ultra- (= 超过，极端)
        • ultraliberal (极端自由主义的), ultrasound (超声波)
      • ⑧ dia- (= 在两者之间; 穿过)
        • dialogue (对话), diameter (直径), diagonal (对角线)
      • ⑨ under- (= 在……之下)
        • underground (地铁), underline (下划线)
      • ⑩ trans- (= 穿过，转变)
        • transport (运输), transform (改变)
  • 常见前缀
    • 4. 表示程度
      • ① multi- (= 多)
        • multiple (多样的), multimedia (多媒体的)
      • ② macro- (= 大的，大规模的)
        • macroeconomics (宏观经济), macrocosm (宏观世界)
      • ③ mini- (= 小的，微型的)
        • minibus (小型公共汽车), miniskirt (迷你裙)
      • ④ micro- (= 小，微小)
        • microwave (微波),microbiology (微生物学)
      • 5. 表示数量
      • ① uni- (= 一，单)
        • unique (唯一的), unilateral (单边的)
      • ② dou-, du- (= 二，双)
        • double (成双的), duplicate (复制)
      • ③ tri- (= 三)
        • triangle (三角形), tripod (三脚架)
      • ④ quart-, quadr- (= 四)
        • quartet (四重奏), quadruped (四足的)
      • ⑤ penta- (= 五)
        • pentagon (五角形),pentathlon (五项全能)
      • ⑥ deca-, deci- (= 十)
        • decade (十年), decimal (十进位的)
      • ⑦ centi- (= 百; 百分之一)
        • centigrade (摄氏的)
      • ⑧ kilo- (= 千)
        • kilogram (千克), kilometer (千米)
      • ⑨ milli- (= 千; 千分之一)
        • millipede (千足虫), millimeter (毫米)
      • 6. 其它常见前缀
      • ① by- (= 次要的，附带的)
        • by-product (副产品), bypass (旁路)
      • ② bene-, bon- (= 好)
        • beneficial (有益的), bonus (奖金)
      • ③ co-, col-, com-, con- (= 共同; 加强语气)
        • coexist (共存), collaborate (合作), combine (结合), consolidate (巩固)
      • ④ bio- (= 生物的，生命的)
        • biotechnology (生物技术), biodegrade (生物降解)
      • ⑤ mis- (= 错，坏)
        • mislead (误导), misfortune (不幸)
      • ⑥ auto- (= 自己，自动)
        • autonomy (自治), autobiography (自传), automation (自动化)
  • 常见后缀
    • 1. 常见名词后缀
      • ① -al
        • arrival (到达), refusal (拒绝)
      • ② -age
        • marriage (婚姻), shortage (缺点/短缺)
      • ③ -ability, -ibility
        • ability (能力), responsibility (责任)
      • ④ -ancy, -ency
        • expectancy (预料), frequency (频率)
      • ⑤ -ance, -ence
        • allowance (津贴), reference (提及)
      • ⑥ -cy
        • accuracy (精确), privacy (隐私)
      • ⑦ -dom
        • kingdom (王国), freedom (自由)
      • ⑧ -ery
        • bravery (勇敢), slavery (奴隶制)
      • ⑨ -hood
        • childhood (童年), neighborhood (四邻)
      • ⑩ -ion, -ation, -ition
        • revision (修订), observation (观察)
      • ⑪ -ity, -ty
        • reality (现实), maturity (成熟), cruelty (残忍)
      • ⑫ -ment
        • retirement (退休), refinement (精炼)
      • ⑬ -ness
        • darkness (黑暗), happiness (欢乐)
      • ⑭ -ship
        • leadership (领导层), relationship (关系)
      • ⑮ -sion, -ssion
        • decision (决定), depression (抑郁), expansion (扩张), impression (印象)
      • ⑯ -ure
        • closure (关闭), exposure (暴露)
      • 2. 其它名词后缀
      • ① 表示某种身份 (-or, -an, -ian, -ant, -ent, -arian, -ist, -ar, -er, -ee)
        • applicant (申请者), musician (音乐家), painter (画家), scholar (学者)
      • ② 表示女性/雌性动物 (-ess)
        • actress (女演员),princess (公主), lioness (母狮)
      • ③ 表示某种学问 (-ic(s))
        • logic (逻辑学), physics (物理学),economics (经济学)
      • ④ 表示学科 (-(o)logy)
        • biology (生物学), ecology (生态学), sociology (社会学)
      • ⑤ 表示主义、学说 (-ism, -asm)
        • Buddhism (佛教), communism (共产主义), enthusiasm (热情)
      • ⑥ 表示“小” ((c)ule, -ie, -y, -let)
        • molecule (分子), birdie (小鸟), booklet (小册子)
      • 3. 常见动词后缀
      • ① -ate
        • equate (使相等), originate (起源), validate (证实)
      • ② -en
        • tighten (使变紧), strengthen (加强)
      • ③ -(i)fy
        • horrify (使恐怖), simplify (简化)
      • ④ -ize, -ise
        • organize (组织), maximize (最大化),specialise (专门研究)
      • ⑤ -ish
        • publish (出版), finish (完成)
      • ⑥ -er
        • flicker (忽明忽暗), mutter (轻声低语)
      • ⑦ -le
        • scribble (潦草地写), twinkle (闪烁),trickle (滴/淌)
      • ⑧ -ure
        • pressure (迫使), ensure (确保)
  • 常见后缀
    • 4. 常见形容词后缀
      • ① -able, -ible
        • suitable (合适的), compatible (兼容的)
      • ② -ful
        • dreadful (可怕的), thoughtful (体贴的)
      • ③ -ior
        • inferior (劣等的), superior (上级的)
      • ④ -most
        • utmost (极度的), foremost (首要的)
      • ⑤ -less
        • restless (焦躁不安的), groundless (无根据的)
      • ⑥ -like
        • childlike (孩子般的), ladylike (淑女般的)
      • ⑦ -proof
        • waterproof (防水的), bulletproof (防弹的)
      • ⑧ -ward
        • inward (内心的), outward (外表的)
      • ⑨ -al
        • natural (自然的), structural (结构的)
      • ⑩ -an, -arian
        • suburban (郊外的), vegetarian (素食的)
      • ⑪ -ant, -ent
        • pleasant (令人愉快的), different (不同的)
      • ⑫ -ary, -ory
        • customary (习惯上的), advisory (顾问的)
      • ⑬ -ate
        • passionate (充满热情的), considerate (体贴的)
      • ⑭ -en
        • golden (金色的), wooden (木制的)
      • ⑮ -ic, -ical
        • scenic (景色优美的), psychological (心理的)
      • ⑯ -ish
        • childish (幼稚的), reddish (略带红色的)
      • ⑰ -ive
        • adaptive (适应的), persuasive (有说服力的)
      • ⑱ -ous, -ious
        • injurious (有害的), harmonious (和谐的), poisonous (有毒的), ambitious (有抱负的)
      • 5. 常见副词后缀
      • ① -ly (表状态)
        • readily (容易地), barely (几乎不), deadly (非常/致命),shortly (立即)
      • ② -wise (表方式)
        • clockwise (顺时针), otherwise (否则), likewise (同样地)
      • ③ -ward(s) (表方向)
        • afterward (以后), backward (向后), outward (向外), straightforward (坦率地)
  • 常见词根 (表示行为动作)
    • 以字母A-F开头
      • ① act, ag (= to act)
        • action (行动), activate (使活动), interact (相互作用), agency (代理)
      • ② bat (= to beat)
        • combat (战斗), debate (辩论)
      • ③ cap (= to take)
        • capable (有能力的), capture (捕获)
      • ④ ceive, cept, cip, cipate (= to take)
        • deceive (欺骗), reception (接收), participate (参与), anticipate (预期)
      • ⑤ count (= to count)
        • accountant (会计师), discount (折扣)
      • ⑥ crit (= to judge)
        • critic (评论家), criterion (标准)
      • ⑦ don, dow (= to give)
        • donate (捐赠), endow (资助/赋予)
      • ⑧ duct (= to lead)
        • conduct (管理/传导), deduct (扣除)
      • ⑨ err (= to err)
        • error (错误), erroneous (错误的)
      • ⑩ fact, fect (= to make, to do)
        • manufacture (制造), defect (缺点/叛变), infect (感染)
      • ⑪ fend (= to strike)
        • offend (冒犯), defendant (被告)
      • ⑫ flict (= to strike)
        • conflict (冲突), afflict (折磨)
      • ⑬ frag, fract (= to break)
        • fragile (易碎的), fraction (片段), fracture (断裂)
      • ⑭ fuse (= to pour)
        • confuse (使困惑), diffuse (弥漫), infuse (注满), effuse (流出)
      • 以字母G-L开头
      • ⑮ gard, ward (= to guard)
        • disregard (忽视), regardless (不顾后果地)
      • ⑯ ger, gest (= to carry)
        • exaggerate (夸张), congestion (拥塞)
      • ⑰ grad, gress (= step, to step)
        • degrade (降低身份), upgrade (提升), aggressive (有进取心的)
      • ⑱ gram, graph (= to write)
        • diagram (图解), biography (传记)
      • ⑲ scribe, script (= to write)
        • ascribe (归因于), prescribe (开药/规定), subscribe (订阅), script (剧本)
      • ⑳ hab, hibit (= to have)
        • inhabit (居住于), exhibit (展览), inhibit (阻止)
      • ㉑ ject (= to throw)
        • object (反对), reject (拒绝), inject (注射)
      • ㉒ late (= to bring)
        • relate (关联/讲述), collate (集合), correlate (相关)
      • ㉓ lax, lease, lyse (= to loosen)
        • relax (放松), release (释放), analyse (分析)
      • ㉔ leg, lect, lig (= to choose)
        • elegant (优美的), elect (选举), select (选择), eligible (有资格的)
      • ㉕ lev (= to raise)
        • alleviate (缓解), elevate (提升), lever (杠杆)
      • ㉖ lig, ly (= to bind)
        • obligation (义务), rely (依靠),ally (同盟者)