虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，从非真实条件句的虚拟语气、错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气等方面进行了分析和概述。

虚拟语气

• 非真实条件句的虚拟语气
  • 与现在事实相反
    • 条件从句——一般过去时 主 句——would/should/could/might+动词原形
      • If I were ten years younger, I would start all over again. If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all.
  • 与过去事实相反
    • 从句——过去完成时 主句——should/would/could/might have done
      • If we had had enough rain last year, we could have gained a good harvest. If you had worked hard, you would have easily passed the exam.
  • 与将来事实相反
    • 从句——过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形 主句——would/should/could/might+ 动词原形
      • If I saw him tomorrow, I would invite him home. If it should be fine tomorrow , I would go on a trip.
  • 省略if的情况
    • 有had/shoud/或were时，可以省略if, 从句用部分倒装
      • Had I worked hard, I would have surely succeeded.
      • Were she my daughter, I wouldn't allow her to study abroad.
  • 固定句式
    • Were it not for ... 要不是 Were it not for your help, I would never be a good manager. Had it not been for ... 当时要不是... Had it not been for you, I would never lost my way.
• 真实条件句 vs 非真实条件句
  • （真实）If I have enough money ,I will go to the zoo with you.
  • (非真实）If I had enough money, I would go to the zoo with you.
• 错综虚拟语气/混合虚拟语气
  • If I were you, I wouldn't have missed the concert last might.
  • If you had told me the news yesterday, I wouldn't be so worried now.
  • If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in future.
• 含蓄虚拟语气
  • 假设的条件不通过条件从句表达出来而是隐含在某些词或上下文中（without/but for(要不是）/otherwise/but that/or等）
  • Without your help, I wouldn't have succeed anyway.
  • But for your advice, I would have failed.
  • I'm reay busy, otherwise I would certainly go with you.
• 含有责备/批评语气的虚拟语气
  • should/ ought to/could/might +have+过去分词 过去本...而事实上未...
  • It's so near.We neen't have taken a taxi.
  • You are late again. You could have come earlier.
• 从句中的虚拟语气
  • 主语从句
    • 以下两种句式中常用虚拟语气
      • It is /was important/necessary/essential/impossible/natural/unthinkable/strange...that sb (should)do 或 It is/was a rule/a shame/an honour/a surprise/ no wonder that... It is a rule that everyone should obey the laws.
      • It is/was advised/suggested/requested/required/ordered/proposed/decided that sb (should) do It is required that the students should learn a foreign language.
  • 宾语从句
    • 在wish后 的宾语从中
      • 与现在事实相反——一般过去时
        • I wish I were ten years younger.
      • 与将来事实相反——could/would+动词原形
        • I wish I could fly to the moon some day.
      • 与过去事实相反——过去完成时
        • I wish you had come to the lecture.
    • 在would rather后的宾语从句
      • 与现在或将来事实相反——一般过去时
        • I'd rather we had a rest now.
      • 与过去事实相反——过去完成时
        • I'd rather you hadn't told me about it.
    • 表示“坚持要，建议，命令，要求“等动词insist,demand,require,request, propose,suggest,command,order等之后，谓语动词用(should)+do
  • 表语从句
    • 表示”决定，主张，要求，建议，命令“的名词后的表语从句， 谓语动词用（should）+动词原形
      • My suggestion is that we should get started as soon as possible.
      • My advice is that you should quit smoking.
    • as if/as though引导的表语从句
      • It looked as if she had seen a ghost.
      • It seems as though it were spring already.
  • 同位语从句
    • 表示”决定，主张，要求，建议，命令等名词后的同位语从句，谓语动词用(should)+do
  • 定语从句
    • 常见于It is (high）time（that)...should do /(过去式
      • It is time that we should go/went to school.
  • 状语从句
    • as if/as though引导的方式状语从句
      • The young man with long hair walks as if he were a girl.(与现在事实相反) The injured man acted as if nothing had happened. (与过去事实相反）
    • 目的状语从句in order that,so that,for fear that,in case等， 谓语动词should/may/might/can/could/would+动词原形
      • I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. Bring some money in case you should use it.
• 常用必备（表示决定，主张，要求，建议，命令等）
• advice 建议 demand 要求 order 命令 insistance 坚持，主张 requirement 要求 request 请求 proposal 建议 suggestion 建议 command 命令 decision 决定