西方修辞学简史

这是一篇关于西方修辞学简史的思维导图，讲述了当代修辞学、新古典修辞、文艺复兴时期的修辞、古典修辞、中世纪的修辞学。

Brief history of Western Rhetoric

• Origin of western rhetoric
  • Syracuse
• Classical rhetoric
  • condition
    • Greek democracy
      • rule by the entire body of citizen
    • great thinkers and scholars
    • the first polis
    • Council of 500
      • providing a place of public speaking
  • Ancient Greek Rhetoricians
    • Corax
      • how arguments should be developed from probability
      • concept of organization of a message
    • Plato
      • expression of truth and the art of rational discourse
    • Aristotle
      • heavily emphasizes logos, pathos and ethos
  • Roman Rhetorician
    • Cicero
      • expanded the part of an argument
        • Exordium
        • narratio
        • partitio
        • confirmatio
        • refutatio
        • conclusio
      • suggested 3 levels of style
        • high
          • to move
        • middle
          • to delight
        • low
          • to teach the audience
    • Quintilian
      • 5 cannons
        • invention
        • arrangement
        • style
        • memory
        • delivery
  • summary
    • theoretical source of the western rhetoric
    • exert great influence over the development of rhetoric
• Rhetoric in the Middle Ages
  • Social conditions
    • great civilizations of Greece and Rome had fallen
    • Life at that time was very hard
    • Few people could read and write
  • Majoy achievements
    • Rhetoric became a art and an academic subject
    • The study of rhetoric divided into 2 parts
      • letter-writing
      • preahcing
    • Style and delivery became more important
• Rhetoric in the Renaissance
  • The Traditinalists
    • Desiderius Erasmus
    • Thomas Wilson
  • The Figurists
    • subordinate logic to rhetoric and emphasize style
  • The Ramists
    • subordinate rhetoric to logic
• New Classic Rhetoric
  • Approaches to the rhetoric
    • The plain unadorned method of human discourse
    • The elegant and ornate
  • 3 points of view shaped the rhetorical theory
    • the scientific perspective
      • stress the importance of invention
      • advocate a plain style
    • the elocutionary perspective
      • emphasiza delivery
      • advance the art of public speaking
    • the literary perspective
      • focus more on literary text
• Contemporary Rhetoric
  • largely confined to issues of oral and written style and presentation
  • Kenneth Burke
    • key term for the classical rhetoric
      • persuasion
      • its stress was upon deliberate design
    • key term for the new rhetoric
      • identification
  • summary
    • the terms are associated with thetoric change
    • the rhetorical tradition has experienced shifts emphasis