虚拟语气

这是一篇关于虚拟语气的思维导图，主要内容有：概念:表示假设的句子；一类:表示假的事情；二类: should类虚拟语气的句子；情态动词+have done:对过去的事情进行推测。

虚拟语气

• 概念：表示假设的句子
• 一类：表示假的事情
  • 一：If类虚拟语气
    • If+句子：1.只是条件句、能实现的（用法主将从现）；2.非真实条件句（用法虚拟条件句）
    • If虚拟语气假设条件在不同时态下与事实相反的类型
      • 现在时
        • If从句动词形式
          • did , be(只能用were)
        • 主句动词形式
          • 3d1t+do
      • 过去时
        • If从句动词形式
          • had done
        • 主句动词形式
          • 3d1t+have done
      • 将来时
        • If从句动词形式
          • did,were to do,should do
        • 主句动词形式
          • 3d1t+do
    • If 类变形用法
      • 1.主从句时间不一致. 方法：勾出主从句时间状语
        • eg:If he had listend to me just now , he wouldn't cry now.
      • 2.倒装：去掉 if 后，只有将 were, should ,had提到句首
        • eg:If I were a bird , I would fly all the time. =Were I a bird , I would fly all the time.
      • 3.含虚拟语气 ，介词短语代替If从句
        • 关键词/短语：withought+n, but for+n（若不是), but that(若不是),or=otherwise(否则), but ,under等
        • 主句动词形式用法：1.现在/将来，3d1t+do; 2.过去，3d1t+have done
        • eg:Without your help , I wouldn't succeed/wouldn't have succeeded.
  • 二：wish虚拟语气
    • 注意：1. hope(能成真的希望) ，2. wish(不能成真的希望)
    • 句型：主语+wish+(that)+主语+V
      • V形式
        • 现在：did/were
        • 过去：had done
        • 将来：3d1t+do
        • 特殊：表示对过去情况时，wish不翻译为愿望或希望时，从句V形式为would/coud +have done
      • eg:1. I wish that I were 18.(与现在事实相反) 2. I wish that I had followed your advice.（与过去事实相反） 3. I wish that I would marry him in the future. （与未来事实相反）
    • 其他与其相似的特殊标志短语
      • 1.as if/though(好像)
        • 句型：主语+V+as if/though+主语+V形式（从句动词形式与wish用法一致）
        • eg: 1. She looks as if she were angry. 2. She looked as though she had been angry.
      • 2.If only(要是.....该多好呀)
        • 句型：If only +主语+V(同wish用法同)
        • eg: If only I had seen the movie yesterday.
  • 三：特殊标志词
    • 1.what if（假设将来会怎么样） 2.would rather（宁愿）
    • 句型：would rather / what if +主语+V
    • 从句动词形式
      • 与现在事实、将来事实相反，用did或were
      • 与过去事实相反，用 have done
    • eg: I would rather you told me the truth now.
    • 注意：固定搭配，有主语用did，无主语用do，都是表示宁愿做
      • 1. sb woud rather did. 2. sb woud rather do than do. 3.prfer to do. 4. rather than do 5. prefer doing to doing.
• 二类：should类虚拟语气的句子
  • 一：特殊V后的宾语从句，should可省
    • 句型：主语+特殊V+ that+主语+（should）+do/be done
    • 特殊V口诀(包括其变形的n、adj)
      • 一坚持一宁愿：insist, prefer
      • 二命令:order,command
      • 四建议：suggest,advise,propose,recommend
      • 五要求:ask,desire,demand,require,request
    • eg: I suggest that you (should) come tomorrow.
  • 二：特殊adj后的主语从句，should可省
    • 句型：It is +特殊adj+that+主语+（should）+do/be done.
    • 特殊adj口诀
      • 一奇怪一自然: strage,natural
      • 八大重要：important,essential,necessary,significant,vital,urgent ,vital , momentous
    • eg: It is necessary that we (should) do exercise.
  • 三：特殊连词(conj) , should 可省
    • lest:译为“以免，避免；唯恐，担心” lest sb (should) do
    • for fear that sb (should) do: 唯恐某人做
    • in case sb (should) do：以防某人做
  • 四：固定搭配，should不可省
    • 1.定语从句(是某人该做某事的时候了)
      • 1.It is (high/about) time that sb should do =It is (high/about) time that sb did
      • 2.It was (high/about) time that sb had done. 译为：某人早该这么做了
      • eg:It is high time that you should study.
    • 2.表语从句：sb+sorry/surprised/disappointed(翻译为很遗憾、惊讶、失望等)+that+主语+should(翻译为：竟然) do.
      • eg: I'm sorry that you should fail the exam.
• 情态动词+have done:对过去的事情进行推测
  • 1.should=ought to have do :本该做作了
  • 2.must:肯定做了
  • 3.might:可能做了
  • 4.need:需要做