谓语

谓语知识整理，主要包括：定义（广义、狭义）、分类（简单谓语(Simple Predicate)、复合谓语(Compound Predicate)）、表语（又称补语(Complement)）、可能词类、表语从句、主谓一致。

谓语

• 定义
  • 广义
    • 主语之外，包括动词在内的部分（包含宾语和状语）。
      • Beijing is the capital of the country.
      • China trades with many different countries.
      • 这种主语可说是句子的主题，谓语指关于主语的情况
  • 狭义
    • 指动词，不包括宾语和状语
      • 本书探讨的全是狭义谓语
    • 虽然不等同于动词，却一定包含动词在内
      • 有些谓语只含一个动词
        • Time flies!
        • He works in a bank.
      • 但很多情况下的谓语包含几个词
        • She doesn't like the idea.
        • I'll take care of the experiences.
• 分类
  • 简单谓语（Simple Predicate）
    • 凡是由一个动词构成的，不管任何时态，语态，语气
      • She'll be leaving for Hong Kong on April 3rd.
      • He has been designing a new plane model.
      • The space shuttle will be launched at 5 p.m.
      • I suggest that the game be cancelled.
      • 大量成语动词可用作谓语，尽管它们由两个或更多的词构成，仍然是简单谓语
        • I wish you wouldn't look down on this kind of work.
        • Share proces have picked up recently.
  • 复合谓语（Compound Predicate）
    • 第一类复合谓语
      • 由两部分构成
        • 有些由“情态动词+动词原形”构成
          • Can you explain this sentence?
          • She may be bringing some friends home.
          • I might have come to wrong conclusion.
          • He must have arrived by air.
          • Of course she mustn't leave us.
          • We should have confidence in each other.
          • You needn't have mentioned it.
          • No one dared speak of it.
        • 另一些由“不定式和另外的词”构成
          • I oughtn't to go on living this way.
          • We used to swim every day when young.
          • She isn't going to make any concessions.
          • First I'd have to get my father's consent.
          • We have got to be careful in such matters.
          • They are not likely to succeed.
      • 许多带复合宾语的句子改为被动结构后，里面都可以说包含了一个复合谓语
        • They were made to work long hours.
        • He was forced to make concessions.
        • He was found lying on the floor.
    • 第二类复合谓语
      • 主要由“系动词+表语”构成
        • The prospects looked exellent.
        • It sounds a good idea.
        • She is growing restless.
      • 有些动词（如wear, flush, lie等不及物动词）有时也可跟一表语，与它构成复合谓语
        • He flushed crimson with anger.
        • The carpet is wearing thin.
        • He blushed crimson with embarrassment when she kissed him.
      • 有时一个不及物动词后跟着一个形容词或名词，说明主语的状态，作用接近表语，这类结构也可说是一种复合谓语
        • 也称双重谓语（Double Predicate) 意思是把两个谓语揉在一起，成为一个谓语
        • She sat silent in the coner.
        • He died a rich man(a mullionaore)
      • 某些形容词或名词的复合宾语，在变为被动结构时，也可形成复合谓语
        • The walls were painted light green.
        • She was found injured at the foot of a cliff.
        • None of these actions are considered likely.
• 表语
  • 又称补语（Complement)
  • 可能词类
    • 名词
      • He proved a trustworthy friend.
      • You're looking a different person.
    • 代词
      • Seventy-four! You don't look it.
      • It's something to be home again without an accident.
    • 数词
      • My daughter is sixteen next month.
      • Gordon Johncock was third.
    • 形容词
      • He has gone mad (blind).
      • She looked quite cheerful (a little tired)
    • 分词
      • My teacher is both gentle and encouraging towards me.
      • Where is Shakespeare buried?
    • 动名词
      • My aunt's hobby is growing roses.
      • His first job had been selling home computers.
    • 不定式
      • An alternative plan might be for you to go to lyon.
      • All you have to do is to press this button.
    • 副词
      • I'm off to Europe on Monday.
      • Sales are down.
    • 介词短语
      • The Conservatives were once more in power.
      • His show is on the air at six o' clock.
    • 词组
      • They are twice the size of chickens.
      • That would be a great weight off my mind.
    • 从句
      • That's where we differ.
      • Money is what they are after.
  • 表语从句
    • 1.由that引导的表语从句（that有时省略）
      • The fact is (that) she never liked him.
      • Their first idea was that he had hidden it.
      • The reason Hollywood was a good place for making movies was that the sun shines there every day.
      • His only fault is that he lacks ambition.
    • 2.由连接代（副）词引导的表语从句
      • That's how matters stand.
      • That's not what I meant.
      • That was why he spoke French so funnily.
      • That's where the battle took place.
      • His first question was wheather Holmes had arrived yet.
      • The question is who's responsible for what has happened.
    • 3.由关系代词型的what引导的从句
      • I want to be a teacher. That's what I want to be.
      • Times aren't what they were.
      • Your mother's health is not what it used to be.
      • That's what we are here for.
• 主谓一致
  • 1.在数上必须一致，不受修饰语的影响
    • 复数主语须用复数谓语
      • The results of the research are to be published soon.
      • What are his views on this subject?
    • 单数主语须用单数谓语
      • The theory advanced by these sicentists is quite convincing.
      • The suggestion put forward by the girls has been accepted.
    • 如果主语是一个抽象概念，一般都用单数谓语
      • Smoking cigarettes is hazardous to your health.
      • Training astonauts is not an easy task.
      • That she should oppose these ideas is quite natural.
      • Senior citizens means people over sixty.
    • 当主语是and连接的两个名词时，在指一样东西时用单数谓语，若指两样东西，则需用复数谓语
      • Iron and stell industry plays an important role in our national exonomy.
      • The food and textile industry depend mainly on agriculture for raw material.
      • To try and fail is better than not to try at all.
      • To mean to do something and to actually do it are two different things.
    • 如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, except 这类词引导的短语， 谓语仍用单数形式，因为这种短语多为修饰语
      • An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in that city.
      • John, together with his wife, was at the party.
      • Lily as well as Helen was in mourning.
      • Everybody except Tim speaks some Chinese.
      • No one but myself knows anything about it.
  • 2.某些代词作主语时的谓语
    • each和some, any, no, every构成的代词作主语时，谓语都用单数形式
      • Two boys entered. Each was carrying a suitcase.
      • Sombody wants to see you, sir.
      • Is there anything I can do for you?
      • There's really nothing to be said.
      • Everybody was glad to see her back.
    • both, some, many, few, all(of them) 后的谓语多用复数形式
      • both of them are English.
      • Many are for going by plane.
      • Some of them are still out of work.
      • Few of my friends like Sheila.
      • All present are against the idea.
      • 代表不可数东西的代词则跟单数谓语
        • So all is going well.
        • Every little helps.
        • Some of the milk has gone sour.
    • 有些代词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，根据意思来决定
      • Who has borrowed my pen?
      • Who are those girls?
      • Which is my seat?
      • Which are our seats?
      • None of us has ever been to Japane.
      • None of the passengers are aware of danger.
      • Neither of the books is of any use to me.
      • Neither are suitable for a newspaper.
      • 在个别情况下用单复数谓语都可以
        • Is(Are) there any left?
        • Neither of the days is (are) suitable.
        • None of the telephones is (are) working.
  • 3.一些集体名词作主语的情况
    • 有些集体名词都指复数的人或动物，后面都用复数谓语
      • The police are going to question him.
      • The media are covering the presidential election thoroughly.
      • Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common.
      • Most bacteria grow best in slightly acid medium.
    • 有些集体名词可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语，视作整体时跟单数谓语，着重于所包含的成员时，则可跟复数谓语
      • 有些集体名词后面的谓语用单数和复数都可以
        • The enemy is(are) retrating.
        • The school's teaching staff is(are) exellent.
      • My family was very poor.
      • Your family are quite well, I hope.
      • There was a large audience at the concert.
      • The audience are dressed in a variety of ways.
    • 有些集体名词通常跟单数谓语
      • The Opposition was quik to reply to the change.
      • The entire community is behind the appeal.
      • The local press there is full of lies.
      • The play's cast was given a standing ovation.
  • 4.某些名词作主语时的情况
    • 有些名词，随着意思的不同，有时跟单数谓语，有时跟复数谓语
      • Half of his work is to design programmes.
      • Half of them go to private schools.
      • A large proportion of the state is desert.
      • A high proportion of Americans go to college.
    • 有些单复数同形的名词要根据意思决定谓语的形式
      • All means have been tried.
      • One means is still to be tried.
      • This species of rose is very rare.
      • There are thousands of species of butterflies.
    • 一些以-s结尾的单数名词，后面谓语也都作单数
      • 也有些-s结尾的词后面可跟单数或复数谓语
        • Mathematics is(are) well taught in our school.
        • Their headquaters are(is) in New York.
      • Phonetics is a required subject in our department.
      • Measles is a contagious disease.