非谓语动词

英语专业必备语法知识点：独立主格结构：两种形式：名词(代词)+分词/形容词/副词等、with/without + 宾语+宾补。

非谓语动词

独立主格结构

两种形式

名词(代词)+分词/形容词/副词等

现在分词there being not enough water and food

过去分词her eyes filled with tears

完成体的主动式the police having caught the murderer

完成体的被动式the power having been cut

被动的进行体the water pipe being repaired

形容词短语face white terror

副词短语hands up in the air

介词短语puzzled expression on her face

with/without + 宾语+宾补

不定式的主动形式with the volunteers to help you

不定式的被动形式with the question to be answered by him

现在分词with people catching and leaving here

现在分词的被动式with her seat being taken by him

过去分词with the walls painted white

分词短语with tears in her eyes

形容词短语with crops ripe

两种格式

Absolute structure,+main sentence

表示原因all flights having been canceled

表示条件time permitting

Main sentence ,+ absolute structure

表示伴随their eyes fixed on the painting

表示结果their mother having fallen into sleep

小句采用独立主格结构的条件

小句主语与主句主语不一致

小句与主句没有连接词引导

小句与主句之间用逗号隔开

小句和主句之间存在某种逻辑关系

分词

现在分词

主动式：doing ，被动式：being done

过去分词

done

作定语、表语、宾补、状语

动名词

主动式：doing ，被动式 being done

作主语、表语、直接宾语、介词宾语

不定式

时态与语态

一般式：to do

进行式：to be doing

完成式：to have done

被动式：to be done

省略to 的情况

情态动词后

had better 等后

have sb do 等结构后

句法功能：主语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语、表语