只能用that,不用which 的情况:
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。如:
All that he said is true.
(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, few, much, no, some, only, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which。如:
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
This is the only book that the old woman is interested in.
(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。如:
It was the second house that I bought.
(4) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。如:
He talked about the people and the things that he remembered.
(5)当主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时,只能使用“that”
Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday?
只使用which,不能用that的情况:
(1) 在非限制性定语从句中。如:
I will take this one, which was exactly what we wanted.
(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。如:
The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.
(3) which的特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似。如:
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
关
系
副
词
when :指时间,在定语从句中作状语。如:
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
where :指地点,在定语从句中作状语。如:
This is the house where we lived last year.
why:指理由,前面一般是 reason。在定语从句中作状语,如:
I dont know the reason why he was late.
【attention:】
关系副词相当于‘介词+which’。
关
系
代
词
who:在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如:
The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.
whom:指人,在定语从句中作宾语。如:
Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.
whose:指人,在定语从句中作定语。如:
I know the boy whose father is a professor.
that:多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如
I’ve read the newspaper that / which carries the important news.
which:指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。如:
Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.
功
用
结
构
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。如:
This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.
Do you know everybody who came to the party?