导图社区 第十七课下Sleepwalking Fact or Fancy梦
第十七课下Sleepwalking Fact or Fancy梦:包含Sleepwalking ?Fact or Fancy?梦游,是真有其事还是虚构出来的?to climb on roofs,solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through等等
编辑于2022-09-13 07:04:01Sleepwalking ?Fact or Fancy? 梦游,是真有其事还是虚构出来的?
课文
There is an endless supply of stories about sleepwalkers. Persons have been said to climb on roofs,solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows, and commit murder in their sleep.
关于梦游的人,有说不完的事:据说有些人在梦游中爬上了屋顶、解出了一些数学题、作了曲,从窗户走出去了,杀了人。
In Revere, Massachusetts, a hundred policemen searched for a lost boy who left his home in his sleep and woke up five hours later on a strange sofa in a strange living room, with no idea how he had got there.
在美国马萨诸塞州的里维尔市,一百名警察在搜找一个失踪了的男孩,这个男孩在睡眠中离开了家,5 个小时以后在一间陌生的客厅中的一个陌生的长沙发上醒来了,他竟然一点也不知道他是怎么到了那儿。'
At the University of Iowa, a student was reported to have the habit of getting up in the middle of the night and walking three-quarters of a mile to the Iowa River. He would take a swim and then go back to his room to bed.
An expert on sleep in America claims that he has never seen a sleepwalker. He is said to know more about sleep than any other living man, and during the last thirty-five years has lost a lot of sleep watching people sleep. Says he, "of course, I know that there are sleepwalkers because I have read about them in the newspapers. But none of my sleepers ever walked, and if I were to advertise for sleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I'd get many takers. "
在美国艾奥瓦,州立大学,据报导说,有个学生有个习惯,老是在半夜里起床然后步行 3/4 英里路走到艾奥瓦河,他习惯于游一会泳,然后才回到他的房间上床就寝。美国有位研究睡眠问题的专家说,他从来也没见过正在梦游的人。据说他在睡眠问题方面的知识在世界上比任何人都懂得多,据说最近 35 年他放弃了很多睡眠时间去观察人们的睡眠状况。他说,"当然,我知道有些人会梦游,因为我在报纸上看到过。但是我所观察过的睡眠中的人没有任何人会在睡眠中起来走路,倘使我真的登广告招聘有梦游经历的人前来参加我的实验的话,我看我就未必能招聘到很多人来参加实验。"
Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic. What is certain about sleepwalking is that it is a symptom of emotional disturbance, and that the only way to cure it is to remove the worries and anxieties that cause it. Doctors say that sleepwalking is much more common than is generally supposed. Many sleepwalkers do not seek help and so are never put on record, which means that an accurate count can never be made.
然而,从科学的角度讲,梦游确是真有其事的。梦游是那种有时近似于奇异怪诞的不可思议的现象之一。关于梦游症所能肯定焉的两点就是梦游是情绪紊乱的一种症状,要治好梦游症的唯一的办法就是去年导致焦虑和担忧的病因。医生们都说,梦游症要比人们通常认为的情况更加普遍得多。许多梦游症患者不前来就医,因而也就永远也不能记录在案,这就意味着永也没办法作出精确的统计。
The question is: Is the sleepwalker actually awake or asleep? Scientists have decided that he is about half-and-half. Dr. Zelda Teplitz, who made a ten-year study of the subject, says, "The sleepwalker is awake in the muscular area, partially asleep in the sensory area." In other words, a person can walk in his sleep, move around, and do other things, but he does not think about what he is doing.
问题是:正在梦游的人是清醒的呢,还是依然在睡梦中?科学家们断定梦游患者是处于半醒半睡的状态中。泽尔达 o 泰普丽兹医生对梦游这一课题进行了十年的仔细观察和研究之后说,"梦游的人控制肌肉的那一部分大脑是清醒的,而控制感官的那一部分仍在睡梦中。"换句话说,一个人可以在睡梦中走路,到处乱走,或作其他一些事情,但这个人并没仔细考虑过他或她在干什么。
What are the chances of a sleepwalker committing a murder or doing something else extraordinary in his sleep? Dr. Teplitz says, "Most people have such great inhibitions against murder or violence that they would awaken if someone didn't wake them up." In general, authorities on sleepwalking agree with her. They think that people will not do anything in their sleep that is against their own moral standard. As for the publicized cases, Dr. Teplitz points out, "Sleepwalking itself is dramatic... sleepwalkers can always find an audience. I think that some of their tall tales get exaggerated in the telling." In her own records of case histories, there is not one sleepwalker who ever got beyond his own front door.
一个在睡梦中正在梦游的人干出杀人或某种别的令人震惊的事是可能性有多大?泰普丽兹医生说:"大多数人都有非常强大的抑制去伤人或去从事暴行的能力,以致如果别人若不把他们唤醒的话,他们自己也会醒来。"一般来讲,研究梦游问题的一些学术权威都同意她的说法。他们认为人们在睡梦中不会干出任何违背他们自己的道德准则的事情来。至于谈到传闻中那些梦游的故事,泰普丽兹医生指出:"梦游本身就是带有戏剧色彩的事情……总会有些听众愿意去听梦游者的故事。我认为他们的一些本来就是言过其实的故事在传讲的过程中被有枝添叶地夸大了。"在她记录的病例档案中,没有任何一个在梦游的人曾经走出过自己家的前门。
To protect themselves, some sleepwalkers have been known to tie themselves in bed, lock their doors, hide the keys, bolt the window, and take all sorts of measures to wake themselves if they should get out of bed. Curiously enough, they have an unusual way of avoiding their own traps when they sleepwalk, so none of their tricks seem to work very well. Some sleepwalkers talk in their sleep loudly enough to wake someone else in the family who can then shake them back to their senses.
众所周知,有些患有梦游症的人,为了保护自己把自己捆绑在床上,锁上自己的门,把钥匙藏起来,把窗户都栓死,若是万一自己起了床去梦游,他们采取了各种各样的措施以便把自己弄清醒过来。说来这事也真够怪的,在他们起来梦游时,总能用一些不一般的手段避开自己清醒时所设下的那些防范的措施,所以他们那些防范的招数都不能很好地起作用。有些患梦游症的人在梦游时会大声说话,以便把家庭中其他人吵醒,然后让家人把他们摇回清醒状态。
Children who walk in their sleep usually outgrow the habit. In many adults, too, the condition is more or less temporary. If it happens often, however, the sleepwalker should seek help. Although sleepwalking itself is nothing to become alarmed about, the problems that cause the sleepwalking may be very serious.
凡是患有梦游症的儿童长大以后通常都能改掉梦游的习惯。许多成年人也会改掉梦游的习惯,梦游的状态多多少少都具有暂时性。可是,如果经常发生梦游,那梦游患者就该去就医。尽管梦游这种现象本身根本就不值得大惊小怪的,但是导致梦游的种种问题却很可能是非常严重的。
New words
梦游
sleepwalk
[ˈsli:pwɔ:k]
vi. 梦游;
sleepwalker
['sli:pwɔ:kə(r)]
n. 梦游者;
组成
词根:pos
pos, post ,posit= to put, to place(放;置)
来源于法文poser(过去分词为positus)意为to place,to set,to put。
pon, pound, pos(it) = to put(放置)
来源于拉丁语的ponere意为to put,to place
pon是ponere的不定式词干,→-pound- →-poning, -poned, -ponency, -ponent, -ponement,
pos(it)是ponere的动名词词干(是pon的变体)→-posit-
同义词根
拉丁语loc,sert,stal
希腊语的-the- 放→thes/thet/them,top
pose
[pəʊz]
v. 摆姿势; 假装; 炫耀; 引起; 提问;
n. 姿势; 装腔作势;
compose
[kəmˈpəʊz]
v. 构成; 使镇静; 创作; 撰写;
com-共同 + -pos-放置 + -e → 共同放置,放在一起,词源同opponent, position. 即放在一起的。
compose of sth
compose music
component
[kəmˈpəʊnənt]
n. 组成部分,成分;
adj. 组成的,构成的;
opponent
[əˈpəʊnənt]
n. 对手; 反对者; 敌手;
op-,相对,对着的,-pon,放置,词源同pose,component.即对着放的,引申词义反对者,对手。
position
[pəˈzɪʃn]
n. 位置; 姿势; 地位; 职位; 名次; 处境; 立场; 阵地;
v. 安放; 定位; 驻扎;
-posit-放置 + -ion名词词尾
罪
commit
[kəˈmɪt]
vt. 犯罪,做错事;把...交托给;指派…作战;使…承担义务
com-, 强调。-mit, 派遣 → 放在一起,一起送,过去分词-miss, 词源同mission.
该词在使用过程中,扩展了诸多词义,甚至词义演变模糊的词义。
mit, miss(mis, mess) = to send(送), to throw(投;掷)
来自拉丁语的mit,miss意为to send,to throw。变形为mis和mess。
同义词根有来自拉丁语的leg和来自希腊语的stle。
crime
[kraɪm]
n. 罪行,犯罪;罪恶;犯罪活动
vt. 控告……违反纪律
来自PIE*krei, 区分,筛选,词源同crisis, discriminate. 即区分出来的非法行为。
commit crime
[kəˈmɪt kraɪm]
犯罪;干坏事
然而
never
[ˈnevə(r)]
adv. 从不; 决不; 从未;
int. 不会吧;
nevertheless
[ˌnevəðəˈles]
adv. 然而; 尽管如此; 不过;
never + the + less → none the less, yet
however
[haʊˈevə(r)]
adv. 然而; 不管怎样; …左右;
conj. 不管怎样;
anyway
[ˈeniweɪ]
adv. 无论如何; 不管怎样; 究竟; 总之; (纠正说过的话)至少; (转移话题)对了; (结束谈话)那么;
辨析:但是,可是,然而,而
but 口语常用词,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反。
however 表转折关系,语气稍弱于but,连接性也弱一些,因而常作插入语。
still 语气强,多用于肯定句或疑问句。指尽管作出让步,采取措施或表示反对,但情况仍然如故,无所改变。
yet 常用于否定句,语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步,仍达不到预期的结果。
nevertheless 指尽管作出完全让步,也不会发生任何影响。
while 表对比,一般可与whereas换用,但程度弱一些。
whereas 表对比,一般可与while互换。
边境
border
[ˈbɔːdə(r)]
n. 边境;边界;国界
vt. 接近;与…接壤;在…上镶边
vi. 接界;近似
来自PIE *bherdh , 切,砍。指分开的。词源同board, break.
来源于日耳曼语borthaz,因此和board作"船舷"的意义时同源,经由罗曼语bordare(边界)和古法语bordure(边界)进入英语。
border on/upon sth
board
[bɔːd]
n. 董事会;木板;甲板;膳食
vt. 上(飞机、车、船等);用板盖上;给提供膳宿
vi. 寄宿
来自PIE *bherdh, 砍。可能最终词源同break. 指砍下的木板。并由木板引申出膳宿,委员会,登机,登船等诸多词义。
break
[breɪk]
v. 打破;折断;弄坏;削弱
vt. (使)破;打破(纪录);(常指好天气)突变;开始
vi. (嗓音)突变;突破;破晓;(价格)突然下跌
n. 破裂;间断;(持续一段时间的状况的)改变;间歇
来源于日耳曼语,在德语中为brechen(打破),在中古英语中为breke;作"破产"解释,开始于18世纪。 同源词:brake, bark, breach
打扰
disturb
[dɪˈstɜːb]
vt. 打扰;妨碍;使不安;弄乱;使恼怒
vi. 打扰;妨碍
dis-, 分开。-turb, 转,搅拌,词源同turn, turbid. 即转开,搅拌开,引申词义扰乱。
-turb-, -turbul-= to agitate(混乱,骚扰)原意是“分散群体”
来源于拉丁语动词turbare(打扰)和turbulare(荒凉的,混杂的)。
disturbance
[dɪˈstɜːbəns]
n. 骚乱; 干扰; (身体或心理)失调;
disrupt
[dɪsˈrʌpt]
v. 扰乱,使中断;
dis-, 分开。-rupt, 断开。
rupt = to break
来自拉丁语的rupt 意为 to break。同义词根有来自拉丁语的fract/frag(fring)。
The war disrupted the economy.
(战争扰乱了经济。)
Traffic was disrupted by the snow storm.
(交通因暴风雪而中断。)
Their misunders tanding disrupted the partnership.
(他们之间的误解使他们散伙。)
disruption
[dɪsˈrʌpʃn]
n. 中断,扰乱,混乱;
The whole factory was in disruption.
(整个工厂一片混乱。)
The incident led to the disruption of the family.
(那件事导致了家庭的破裂。
动词"使人不安或烦恼"
bother 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
disturb 较正式用词,多用被动态。指拢乱,使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼。
trouble 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心,多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
irritate 语气比annoy强得多,指激怒,使发怒,多指一种短时间的反应。
vex 侧重指因不断的干扰而引起的烦恼,有时含激怒的意味。
动词"使不安,使心烦意乱"
upset 最普通,最通俗用词,侧重失去精神上的平静,心理上完全丧失平衡。
agitate 侧重指内心的焦虑,难于控制,表露于外。
disturb 指因某人的行动、扰乱、妨碍安静等而使人不得安宁。
perturb 书面语用词,指使人焦急烦恼,扰得心情不安。
disturb,interrupt,disrupt
意思不同
disturb:打扰,干扰,妨碍,搅乱,弄乱。
interrupt:插嘴,使暂停,使中断。
disrupt:扰乱,使中断,打乱。
用法不同
disturb:可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时,后可接名词、代词作简单宾语。可用于被动结构。
interrupt:基本意思是“打断(谈话)”“打扰”,指由于某种外界因素而停下来,或为了某种目的而停下来,但不表明这种停止是否会继续下去。还可引申作“遮挡(视线或某物)”“使不连贯”解。
disrupt:含有堵得十分严密,以致出入口完全封锁,通道完全受阻的意味。引申可用于抽象事物,指“妨碍”“阻碍”“冻结(资金)”。
侧重点不同
disturb:侧重于指对方只是中断手中不重要的事情。
interrupt:侧重于指对方要中断手中很重要的事情。
disrupt:侧重于指对方甚至要放弃自己的事情。
忧虑
anxiety
[æŋˈzaɪəti]
n. 忧虑,焦虑,担心; 渴望;
anxious
[ˈæŋkʃəs]
adj. 焦虑的,担心的; 紧张的; 渴望的;
来自anger古义,焦急。字母g, x 音变。
anger
[ˈæŋɡə(r)]
n. 怒,愤怒;忿怒
vt. 使发怒,激怒;恼火
vi. 发怒;恼火
ang
ang, eng, ank, anch(angul,angl ) = 弯曲, 角
ang= to strangle 勒死, 窒息
来源于拉丁语的angere (=to strangle) 意思是“勒死,窒息”。
词根助记:如果把一个人封在一个角落里,是不是有“窒息”的感觉?我们可以理解表示“窒息,勒死”的词根是由意思是“角”的词根ang 的意思的引申。
anxious(焦虑) ,uneasy(担忧),afraid(害怕、担心),ashamed(惭愧),sorry(可惜、遗憾)
非凡的
词根
extra-, extro-, extr-, exter-= out 出,向外;超越
来源于拉丁语extra(出,向外)。beyond, outside, on the outside, outward, external
order, ord, ordin(ordain) = ord, ordin
来自拉丁语的ord,ordin 意为to order,变形为ordain。
extra
[ˈekstrə]
adj. 额外的; 费用另计的;
n. 额外费用; 附加物; 群众演员;
adv. 格外,特别;
order
[ˈɔːdə(r)]
n. 命令;顺序;规则;[贸易] 定单
vt. 命令;整理;定购
vi. 命令;定货;
来自拉丁语ordinare,安排,布置,指定,来自PIE*ord,安排,布置,词源同ordain,ornate.引申词义顺序,命令,点菜,定购等。
ordinary
[ˈɔːdnri]
adj. 普通的; 平庸的;
extraordinary
[ɪkˈstrɔːdnri]
adj. 非凡的; 非常奇特的; 特别的;
extra-出,向外;超越 + -ordin-秩序,顺序→常规 + -ary形容词词尾 → 超出常规的
"特殊的,特别的"
special 普通用词,指不同于一般、与众不同,着重事物的专门性,突出与一般不同。
especial special含义很接近,较正式,但侧重有特殊的意义或重要性。
specific 着重指某种、某类事物具有的特殊或特定的属性,也可指专门提出作特别考虑的事物。
particular 侧重不同于普遍性的个性或特殊性。
exceptional 指不同于一般,本身是特别的或异常的事物。
extraordinary 语气比exceptional强,指极大地超过一般或正常情况。
peculiar 强调指与众不同或独特的意思。
unusual
[ʌnˈjuːʒuəl]
adj. 特别的,不寻常的; 独特的,别致的;
抑制
habit-, hab-, -hibit; habili-, habil- 持,握
来源于拉丁语动词habeo, habere, habui, habitus(持有)。
dwell, live; have, hold; that which may be easily handled, suitable, fit, proper; clothe, clothing
inhibit
[ɪnˈhɪbɪt]
vt. 抑制;禁止
in-,进入,使,-hibit,持有,握住,词源同habit,prohibit.引申词义抑制,使拘束。
inhibition
[ˌɪnhɪˈbɪʃn]
n. 抑制; 压抑; 禁止;
inhibit sb from doing sth
habit
[ˈhæbɪt]
n. 习惯; 瘾; 长袍;
来自古法语habit,衣服,行为,习惯,来自拉丁语habere,持,握,拥有,来自PIE*ghabh,持,握,抓住,词源同give,gift.引申词义居住,养成的习惯,及特指与宗教相关的袍子,道服等。
prohibit
[prəˈhɪbɪt]
v. 禁止; 阻止;
宣传
词根
-popul-, -publ-= people(人,人民,公众)
来源于拉丁语中名词populus, populi, n(人民,公众)及其派生的puplicus, puplica, puplicum(人民的)的变体publicus, publica, publicum(人民的,公众的)。
同义词根
拉丁语的pleb,vulg[mulg]
希腊语的demo
盎格鲁-撒克逊语的la。
此外还请记住意为man(人类、人)的anthrop/hom/man,意为man(男子)的andr/mascul/vir,以及意为woman(女子)的femin/gyn/virg。
public
[ˈpʌblɪk]
n. 平民; 志趣相投的人;
adj. 公众的; 公共的; 政府的; 公用的; 公开的; 公开场合的; ;
-publ-公众 + -ic形容词词尾
publicity
[pʌbˈlɪsəti]
n. 公众信息; 宣传效用; 宣传; 公诸于众的状况; 广告;注意;
publicize
[ˈpʌblɪsaɪz]
v. 宣传; 推广; 宣扬; 传播;
子主题
drama
[ˈdrɑːmə]
n. 戏剧; 戏剧性事件; 激动;
来源于希腊语dran(做,英语drastic的词源)的派生词drama(做,玩) 词源同do. 同源词:drastic归类:comedy 喜剧 opera 歌剧tragedy 悲剧 theatre 戏剧
dramatic
[drəˈmætɪk]
adj. 戏剧(性)的; 突然的; 激动人心的; 给人印象深刻的;
drastic
[ˈdræstɪk]
adj. 极端的; 严厉的; 急剧的;
来自drama, 戏剧。引申义戏剧般的,急剧的。
comedy
[ˈkɒmədi]
n. 喜剧(片); 滑稽;
com, 缩写自希腊文komos, 欢乐,伴侣,来自com-, 强调 ,一起,(e)-it, 走,即走到一起,聚会。
tragedy
[ˈtrædʒədi]
n. 悲剧,惨剧; 悲剧文学; 悲剧理论,悲剧表演艺术; 悲剧式作品;
来自拉丁语 tragedia,悲剧,来自希腊语 tragodia,悲剧,来自 tragos,山羊,-edy,诗,歌,词源 同 ode,comedy.该词字面意思即山羊之歌,其词义过渡存在争议,一说是古希腊时期演员演 戏的时候披着山羊皮,一说是对演员奖励一只山羊,还有说法是在演戏之前宰一只山羊祭祀 神灵,而山羊在古希腊时期为常见祭品。
theatre
[ˈθɪətə(r)]
n. 戏院,剧场; 戏剧,演出; 战场; 手术室;
相关词根
drama-
Greek > Late Latin: to do, to accomplish
-it-行,走
来源于拉丁语动词eo, ire, ivi(ii), it.us(行,走)。
ode, -odal, -odeon, -ody
Greek > Latin: song, poem
comedy, melodeon, melodic, melodies, melodious, melodiously
扩大
exaggerate
[ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪt]
vt. 使扩大;使增大
vi. 夸大;夸张
ex-, 向外。ag-,向。-ger, 携带,带来,词源同gesture,belligerent.
exaggerated
[ɪɡˈzædʒəreɪtɪd]
adj. 夸大的,言过其实的; 过大的,逾常的;
v. (使)扩大( exaggerate的过去式和过去分词);
exaggeration
[ɪgˌzædʒəˈreɪʃn]
n. 夸张,夸大;
词根
ger-, ges-, gest- =carry, produce; to bear携带,运输
来源于拉丁语动词gero, gerere, gessi, gestus(携带,运输)。
同意词根: duc-; -fer; later-, -lation; phoro-; port-= "bear, carry, bring":
ag-来,临近;加强意义
ad-的变体,用在g前。
e-, ex-出,向外;向上
e-用在b, c, d, g, j, l, m, n, r, v前;ex-用在s前时,s常省略。来源于拉丁语前缀ex-。
临时
-temp-时间
来源于拉丁语名词tempus, temporis, n(时间)。
temp
[temp]
n. 临时雇员,(尤指)临时秘书;
vi. 打临时工,做临时工作,打零工;
temporal
[ˈtempərəl]
adj. 时间的; 世俗的; 暂存的; <语>表示时间的;
n. 暂存的事物,世间的事物; 世俗的权力; 一时的事物,俗事;
-temp-时间 + -or名词词尾,状况 + -al形容词词尾
temporary
[ˈtemprəri]
adj. 短暂的;
-temp-时间 + -or名词词尾,状况 + -ary形容词词尾
temporarily
[tempəˈrerɪlɪ]
adv. 暂时地; 临时地;
Some important sentences
If I were to advertise forsleepwalkers for an experiment, I doubt that I’d get many takers.
虚拟条件句,对即将发生动作的一种假设。
Sleepwalking, nevertheless, is a scientific reality. It is one of those strange phenomena that sometimes border on the fantastic.
现象的复数形式 phenomena; border on sth 接近于
Grammar point
Attributive Clause 定语从句
短语
search for
All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.
他一生都在寻找人生的意义。
The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.
警察正在树林里搜寻逃犯。
in the middle
Don't disturb him, he is in the middle of a meeting.
别打扰他,他正在开会呢。
He is standing in the middle of the room enraged.
他怒气冲冲地站在屋子中央。
border on 接界;相邻于;近似于
The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.
美国人民对林肯总统的尊敬近乎崇拜。
China borders on Mongolia in the north.
中国北部与蒙古接壤。
put…on record 立案;记录
Students' performance at school is usually put on record.
学生在学校的表现通常会被记录在案。
The criminal cases are all put on record.
刑事案件都被立案了。
wake up
He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.
他很难在这么早的时候醒来。
The noise outside woke him up.
外面的噪音把他吵醒了。
take measures 采取措施;设法,着手
Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.
必须采取有效措施控制污染。
They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.
他们已采取措施使这个男孩改掉坏习惯。
outgrow 过大而不适于;出生;长大成熟而不再
The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.
这个男孩再过一年就穿不下这件夹克了。
I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.
我相信他长大后会改掉这个习惯的。