英语语法名词性从句（主语从和表语从）

关于英语语法思维导图之主语从句和表语从句思维导图，包含引导词在主语从句和表语从句中分别充当的成分、名词充当的句子成分等。

10主语从句与表语从句（属于名词性从句）

• 名词充当的句子成分
  • 主语
  • 宾语
  • 表语
  • 同位语
• 主语从句
  • that引导的主语从句
    • 无语义，在从句中不做成分，不能省略
    • 语序：that+陈述句
    • 主语时态不限制从句
    • 主语从句视为三单
    • 例句：That the moon travel around the earth once every month is known to everyone.
    • it做形式主语
      • it放在主语位置，that引导的主语从句放在句末
      • it is+形容词+that从句
        • It’s obvious that you have made a big mistake.
        • 常见句型：It’s clear that… It’s possible that… It’s likely that… It’s natural that… It’s certain that…可以相信… It’s strange that…. It’s fortunate that… It’s necessary that…
          • It’s likely that he can’t come to the party tonight.
      • it is+过去分词+that从句
        • 常见句型：It’s said that… It’s reported that… It’s generally thought that…人们普遍认为 It’s believed that… It has been found that…现已发现 It should be noted that… It must be pointed out that…必须指出
          • It’s reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.
      • it is+名词+that从句
        • 常见句型：it is a pity that… It is a fact that… It is good news that… It is a good thing that… It is no wonder that…难怪… It is a shame that…遗憾的是… It is an honor that…. …真荣幸 It is common knowledge that…是常识 It is my belief that…我相信… It is a miracle that…. …真是奇迹
          • It is a pity that you didn’t attend Mary’s wedding party. It is no wonder that you’re late again. It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.
      • it +动词短语+宾语+that从句
        • When I decided to quit my full-time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new trend.
  • Wh-/h-引导的主语从句
    • 有语义，做成分，不能省略
    • 语序：wh-/h-+陈述句
    • what作主语或宾语，放句首，后面陈述语序
      • What made me unhappy is the sad news. What he said encouraged me greatly.
    • who/whom在从句中作宾语，后面陈述语序
      • Who listens to wisdom will live in safety. Whom you want to learn from is important.
    • how在从句中作方式状语，后面陈述语序
      • How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided.
    • Why在从句中作原因状语，后面陈述语序
      • Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
    • when在从句中作时间状语，后面陈述语序
      • When we shall meet again is unknown.
    • which引导名词性从句时，后面要接名词
      • Which dress is better is a very hard question for straight men.
    • whose意为：谁的，引导从句时，后面要接名词
      • Whose watch is lost is unknown.
    • whether意为：是否。从句中不充当任何成分，不能省略
      • 语序：whether+陈述句
      • whether引导主语从句一般放在句首
      • whether加not或不加都可以
      • Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.
  • because引导的主语从句
    • because+陈述句置于主语位置
    • 谓语往往是does not mean
    • because 前往往有just，起强调语气的作用。
    • Just because someone doesn’t love you the way you want them to doesn’t mean they don’t love you with all they have.
  • 概念：在句中作主语的从句称为主语从句
• 表语从句
  • 概念：在句中作表语的从句称为表语从句
    • 与宾语从句的区分标志：从句前是系动词or实义动词
  • 引导词
    • that无语义，不做成份，不能省略。
      • The reason for his absence is that his daughter suddenly fell ill.
    • whether是否，不做成分，不能省略。
      • The problem is whether the new plan can be put into practice.
    • Wh-连接词，有语义，做成分，不能省略
      • 包括：who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,where,when,how,why,wherever,whenever
        • The problem is whom we can get to go to the airport to pick her up. That’s what we are here for. The question is how we can persuade him to go with me. This was where we hold the dance party last time.
    • As/as if(好像），常跟在特定动词后面：seem,appear,look,taste,sound,feel等。
      • 在表示与事实不符的情况下用虚拟语气
        • He looked just as he had looked ten years before. It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.
    • because
      • Hubert never experienced any fear,and this was partly because he was not particularly intelligent.
• 引导词在主语从句和表语从句中分别充当的成分
  • 在从句中充当主语：what，who
  • 在从句中充当宾语：what,whom
  • 在从句中充当状语：when，where，how，w h y
  • 在从句中充当定语：which,whose