英美文学

英美文学，介绍了： The old and medieval Ages (5thC.-15thC.) The English Renaissance (late15th.-early 17thC.) The English Neoclassicism (mid 17thC.-1798） The Romanticism （1798-1832） The Victorian Ages （1832-1901）

The stages of English Literature

• The old and medieval Ages (5thC.-15thC.)
  • Beowulf (written by in the 10th)
    • Mgnificence:The greatest and first English epic
    • Type:Narrative pagan poem
    • Features:Alliteration &Metaphor
  • The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》
    • Author:Geoffrey Chaucer1343-1400)
    • Writing style:Heroic Couplet (英雄双韵体）
• The English Renaissance (late15th.-early 17thC.)
  • Historical background
    • Politically:Centralized monarchy
    • Economically:Enclosed Movement (圈地运动）promoted wool trade and manufactories
    • Socially
    • Religiously:The Protestant Reformation (宗教改革）
    • Culturally
  • Edmund Spenser斯宾塞（1552-1599）
    • Achievement:The greatest non-dramatic poet of the period
    • Major works:The Shepheardes Calendar 《牧羊人日记》，The Faerie Queene《仙后》，etc.
    • Feature:Spenserian stanza(斯宾塞诗体）
  • Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗 马特
    • Achievements
      • The first great playwright before Shakespeare
      • One of university wits(大学才子派）
      • First to use blank verse(无韵体）
    • Major works:
      • Tamburlaine《铁木尔大帝》
      • The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士的悲剧史》
      • The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》
  • William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚（1564-1616）
    • Four comedies:As You Like It 《皆大欢喜》，Twelfth Night 《第十二夜》，A Midsummer Night Dream 《仲夏夜之梦》，Merchant of Venice 《威尼斯商人》
    • Four tragedies:Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》，Othello《奥赛罗》，King Lear《李尔王》，Macbeth《麦克白》.
    • Sonnets:3 quatrain and 1 couplet (ababcdcdefefgg)
    • 154 sonnets and 38 plays
  • Francis Bacon 弗兰西斯培根（1561-1626）
    • Achievements
      • A progenitor of modern empirical science
      • First famous essayist
      • Founder of materialism in English philosophy
      • Inductive method (归纳法）
    • Works:Advancement of Learing 《学问的演进》，New Atlantis《新亚特兰蒂斯》
    • Styles of essays:brevity,compactness,powerfulness/sharpness.
  • John Donne约翰邓恩（metaphysical poet玄学派诗人）
    • The leading finger of the mataphysical school
    • Style of poetry:conceit (奇喻）- The Flea《跳蚤》
    • Songs and sonnets:Elegies,Holy Sonnets
  • Ben Jonson 本 琼森
    • the second most important dramatist and successor of Shakespeare
    • Father of iterary criictsm
    • a prolific(多产的）dramatist
    • Major works:Every Man in His Humor《人各有僻》 To Celia«致西莉亚》（masque） Volpone or the Foxe 《狐狸》
  • John Milton
    • The greatest poet and pamphleteer in the 17th C England
    • a master of the blank verse;first use blank verse in non-dramatic
    • Paradise Lost《失乐园》，Paradise Regained《复乐园》，Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》
  • John Bunyan
    • The chief Puritan writer of prose
    • The most successful religious allegory---The Pilgrims Progress《天路历程》
    • The Vanity Fair《名利场》
• The English Neoclassicism (mid 17thC.-1798）
  • 子主题
• The Romanticism （1798-1832）
  • 子主题
• The Victorian Ages （1832-1901）
  • 子主题
• The 20th Century
  • 子主题