【高中英语语法】动词的时态及语态

包含“动词的时态及语态”模块的所有知识点，并且每个知识点都配有相应的例句，且例句均来自课本及历年高考卷。富有逻辑地理解高中英语，帮助你更更快速地将所学的知识运用到应试中，取得高分。

动词的时态及时语态

主要时态

一般式

一般现在时

表现在的状态、情况

表经常性的、习惯性的、反复发生的动作

表客观真理、客观存在、科学事实或俗语等

Action speak louder than words.

表按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作

The train arrives at 8:00 and leaves at 8:45.

在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时，主语用一般将来时

主将从现

Please tell me as soon as Mark calls you.(祈使句为将来时，后填一般现在时calls主将从现)

一般过去式

确定的过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态

过去经常或反复发生的动作

In the early evening we always stopped to make a camp.

时间或条件状语从句中，若主句用过去将来时，从句经常用一般过去式代替过去将来时

过去时间内一次完成的具有先后顺序的动作

They said they would inform me as soon as they got there.

一般将来时/过去将来时（主语+will/shall/would+动词原形或主语+am/is/are/was/were+going to do）

will do临时决定做某事

Next month we will have our school open day.

be going to do按计划要做或有迹象表明要做

Look at the dark clouds,it is going to rain.

would do过去某个时间将要发生的动作

I knew he would come.

进行式

现在进行时

说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与now、at this moment、at present连用

Listen!She is singing an English song.

现阶段发生，但此刻不一定再进行的动作。常与these days 连用

Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.

与always、constantly连用表达生气、赞扬或埋怨等感情

He is always helping people.

表按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常与一个表将来的时间状语连用

They are arriving tonight,and are staying here for two weeks.

过去进行时

在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常与then、at that time连用

She was watching TV at seven last night

表过去按计划或安排要做的事

He was busy packing,for he was leaving that night.

与always、frequently连用表重复的动作

The boy was usually getting up late.

was/were thinking/wondering…“表客气或礼貌”

I was wondering if you could do me a favor.

将来进行时

将来某一时间或某个时间段正在进行的动作，常与at this time tomorrow、at this moment this Sunday等时间状语连用

They will be having their holidays in June.

现在完成进行时（主语+has/have been+现在分词）

表发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚停止也可能仍再继续

In order to find the missing child,villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hous.

有事所表示的动作并不是在不停的进行，而表示动作一直在断断续续地重复

The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the programme since 9 a.m.

常与all days、all night、these few days、all the week、all the morning等时间状语连用

I heve to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.

lie、rest、wait、stay、sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时

完成时

现在完成时

过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与recently、so far、up to now、until now、ever since、since then、in the past/last+时间段等时间状语连用

Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.

过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，状语since+时间点或for +时间段连用

I've been very sad for the past few months.

常用现在时的固定句型

It is the first/second... time that sb.have/has done

It is the first time that the Chinese have planted vegetables in space.

It is/has been+时间段+since sb did

It/This is the best/most insteresting等最高级+名词+sb./sth. have has done

过去完成时

过去的过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态，常与before that year等时间状语连用

He had learned English for five years before he moved to Australia.

John had to have his car repaired because it had been damaged seriously.(过去的过去用过去完成时)

过去的过去用过去完成时

表从过去某时开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态

hope、plan、mean、intend、think、expect等表“打算”“认为”等的动词用于过去完成时时表“本打算/本计划/本认为/本期望做而未做”

They had planned to see us off at the airport.(实际没去送)

I had expected to see you yesterday,but I was too busy.

语态

被动语态

主语+want/need/require doing/to be done 某事需要做

The room needs cleaning=The roon needs to be cleaning.

主语+系动词（smell、feel、sound、taste、become、prove等）+形容词

The plan sounds great.

The food tasted delicious.

主语+表主语属性特征的词（sell、read、wash、write、open、operate）+well、badly、easily等

The door won't open,so I can't enter the room.

What he said at the meeting proved quite right.

主语+不及物动词（短语）（haooen、occur、take place、come out等）

Great changes have taken place in the town.