【高中英语语法】动词的时态及语态

包含“动词的时态及语态”模块的所有知识点，并且每个知识点都配有相应的例句，且例句均来自课本及历年高考卷。富有逻辑地理解高中英语，帮助你更更快速地将所学的知识运用到应试中，取得高分。

动词的时态及时语态

• 主要时态
  • 一般式
    • 一般现在时
      • 表现在的状态、情况
      • 表经常性的、习惯性的、反复发生的动作
      • 表客观真理、客观存在、科学事实或俗语等
        • Action speak louder than words.
      • 表按时间表、规定、计划或安排将要发生的动作
        • The train arrives at 8:00 and leaves at 8:45.
      • 在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时，主语用一般将来时
        • 主将从现
        • Please tell me as soon as Mark calls you.(祈使句为将来时，后填一般现在时calls主将从现)
    • 一般过去式
      • 确定的过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态
      • 过去经常或反复发生的动作
        • In the early evening we always stopped to make a camp.
      • 时间或条件状语从句中，若主句用过去将来时，从句经常用一般过去式代替过去将来时
      • 过去时间内一次完成的具有先后顺序的动作
        • They said they would inform me as soon as they got there.
    • 一般将来时/过去将来时（主语+will/shall/would+动词原形或主语+am/is/are/was/were+going to do）
      • will do临时决定做某事
        • Next month we will have our school open day.
      • be going to do按计划要做或有迹象表明要做
        • Look at the dark clouds,it is going to rain.
      • would do过去某个时间将要发生的动作
        • I knew he would come.
  • 进行式
    • 现在进行时
      • 说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态，常与now、at this moment、at present连用
        • Listen!She is singing an English song.
      • 现阶段发生，但此刻不一定再进行的动作。常与these days 连用
        • Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
      • 与always、constantly连用表达生气、赞扬或埋怨等感情
        • He is always helping people.
      • 表按计划或安排将要发生的动作，常与一个表将来的时间状语连用
        • They are arriving tonight,and are staying here for two weeks.
    • 过去进行时
      • 在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常与then、at that time连用
        • She was watching TV at seven last night
      • 表过去按计划或安排要做的事
        • He was busy packing,for he was leaving that night.
      • 与always、frequently连用表重复的动作
        • The boy was usually getting up late.
      • was/were thinking/wondering…“表客气或礼貌”
        • I was wondering if you could do me a favor.
    • 将来进行时
      • 将来某一时间或某个时间段正在进行的动作，常与at this time tomorrow、at this moment this Sunday等时间状语连用
        • They will be having their holidays in June.
    • 现在完成进行时（主语+has/have been+现在分词）
      • 表发生在过去一直持续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚停止也可能仍再继续
        • In order to find the missing child,villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hous.
      • 有事所表示的动作并不是在不停的进行，而表示动作一直在断断续续地重复
        • The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the programme since 9 a.m.
      • 常与all days、all night、these few days、all the week、all the morning等时间状语连用
        • I heve to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.
      • lie、rest、wait、stay、sleep等谓语动词更倾向于用现在完成进行时
  • 完成时
    • 现在完成时
      • 过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与recently、so far、up to now、until now、ever since、since then、in the past/last+时间段等时间状语连用
        • Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.
      • 过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态，状语since+时间点或for +时间段连用
        • I've been very sad for the past few months.
      • 常用现在时的固定句型
        • It is the first/second... time that sb.have/has done
          • It is the first time that the Chinese have planted vegetables in space.
        • It is/has been+时间段+since sb did
        • It/This is the best/most insteresting等最高级+名词+sb./sth. have has done
    • 过去完成时
      • 过去的过去已经发生或完成的动作或状态，常与before that year等时间状语连用
        • He had learned English for five years before he moved to Australia.
        • John had to have his car repaired because it had been damaged seriously.(过去的过去用过去完成时)
          • 过去的过去用过去完成时
      • 表从过去某时开始一直持续到过去另一个时间的动作或状态
      • hope、plan、mean、intend、think、expect等表“打算”“认为”等的动词用于过去完成时时表“本打算/本计划/本认为/本期望做而未做”
        • They had planned to see us off at the airport.(实际没去送)
        • I had expected to see you yesterday,but I was too busy.
• 语态
  • 被动语态
    • 主语+want/need/require doing/to be done 某事需要做
      • The room needs cleaning=The roon needs to be cleaning.
    • 主语+系动词（smell、feel、sound、taste、become、prove等）+形容词
      • The plan sounds great.
      • The food tasted delicious.
    • 主语+表主语属性特征的词（sell、read、wash、write、open、operate）+well、badly、easily等
      • The door won't open,so I can't enter the room.
      • What he said at the meeting proved quite right.
    • 主语+不及物动词（短语）（haooen、occur、take place、come out等）
      • Great changes have taken place in the town.