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《经济学人》中有哪些地道的写作句型？
这是一篇关于《经济学人》中有哪些地道的写作句型？思维导图，包含分析问题、提出方法对策、如何分析原因等。
编辑于2023-11-08 20:38:23- 分析问题
- 《经济学人》
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《经济学人》中有哪些地道的写作句型？
如何开头
出处
2023年1月的《经济学人》中有篇文章，讲到了性爱用品行业蓬勃发展，文章开头是这么说的： Gone are the days of hiding in the shadows of seedy shops in the red-light district. Today, sex toys sit proudly in the display counters of department stores and on pharmacy shelves. Even what they’re called has changed: “sex toys” have become “sexual wellness devices” or “sex tech”. And more people are buying them than ever before. 过去那些藏匿于红灯区陋巷的日子已成往事。如今，性玩具骄傲地陈列于百货商店的货架上，也摆放在药房柜台之上。甚至它们的称呼都已有所变化：已非“性玩具”，而是“性福器具”或“性技术”。如今，购买这些产品的人比以往任何时候都要多。
句型
我们可以从这段话中提炼出一个开头模板：Gone are the days of/when x; today... 这个句型可用于描述某个现象或事物的过去已经发生了变化，突出过去和现在的差异，强调现在的变化和进步。这个句型可以用于描述各种不同的情况，如社会变革、科技进步、文化变迁等等。
仿写
Gone are the days when people had to rely on printed maps; today we have GPS and other advanced navigation systems. 过去人们必须依赖印刷地图，如今我们有GPS和其他先进的导航系统。 通过这个句型，我们可以明确表示现在的技术进步已经改变了人们导航的方式，与以前的方式形成了对比。 我们再仿写两个句子，比如谈到通讯方式的变化时，我们可以说： Gone are the days when people had to wait weeks to receive a letter from far away. Today we can send and receive WeChat messages instantly. 过去人们必须等待数周才能收到远方的信件，如今我们可以即时发送和接收微信消息。 再比如，在关于电子商务或外卖的文章中，我们可以这样开头： Gone are the days when shopping required leaving the house. Today we can order everything we need online and have it delivered to our doorstep. 过去购物需要离开家，如今我们可以在线下单并把所需物品直接送到家门口。 仿写练习：请运用该句型，以“电子支付”为主题，仿写一个句子。 Gone are the days when people needed to go to a physical bank to deposit or withdraw money. Today online banking allows for seamless financial transactions from the comfort of your home. 过去人们需要去银行存取款，今天网上银行让你可以在家舒适地完成无缝的金融交易。
it's not to do, but (rather) to do
出处
The aim of generational study, however, is not to succumb to nostalgia for the way things used to be; it’s to understand how they are now. Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. 然而，代际研究的目的并非是为了怀念过去的时光，而是为了理解现在的状况。有些代际变化是积极的，有些是消极的，而许多变化则同时具有积极和消极的一面。
句型
这句话的结构是一个复合句，前半句是主句，后半句是由分号和连词引导的从句。主句和从句之间通过对比来强调一个观点，即研究代际变化的目的是理解当前的情况，而不是沉溺于过去的怀旧情绪。写作中，我们就可以套用这个句型，通过对比来强调某个观点，常用于总结，或用在作文结尾。
仿写
比如谈到为什么要学习历史时，我们就可以说： The aim of studying history is not to idealize the past, but to learn from it and understand how it shapes our present. Some historical events have positive impacts, some negative, and many have both. 研究历史的目的不在于将过去理想化，而是从中学习并理解它如何塑造我们的现在。一些历史事件产生了积极的影响，一些则是负面的，还有许多既有积极又有消极的影响。 再比如前两年火遍全球的#MeToo movement运动，它的目的不是妖魔化男性，而是解决当下普遍的性骚扰问题，保护女性的合法权益，我们可以说： The purpose of the #MeToo movement is not to demonize all men or to erase due process, but to address the pervasive issue of sexual harassment and assault in our society. While there are certainly challenges and debates, progress has been made in raising awareness and holding perpetrators accountable. #MeToo运动的目的并非将所有男性妖魔化或抹杀正当程序，而是解决我们社会中普遍存在的性骚扰和性侵问题。虽然仍面临挑战和争议，但人们已经取得进展，提高了意识，将加害者绳之以法。 perpetrator指a person who commits a crime犯罪者。 hold sb accountable意思是“将某人绳之以法、使某人对某事负责”。 请大家反复阅读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“气候变化”为主题，仿写一个句子。 The aim of investigating climate change is not to romanticize the past when the climate was stable, but to understand how human activities have caused global warming and its current impact on the planet. Some environmental changes have positive consequences, some negative, and many have both.
分析原因
出处
《经济学人》中有一篇关于“犯罪率降低”的文章，文中在分析犯罪率下降的原因时是这么说的： There is no single cause of the decline; rather, several have coincided. 犯罪率下降不是单一因素造成的，而是多重因素共同作用的结果。
句型
coincide是一个动词，表示两个或多个事物在时间、空间或特性上相互吻合、重合或一致，这个词通常用于描述两个或多个事件或情况同时发生或共同存在的情况。例如： The launch of the new product will coincide with the company's 10th anniversary. 新产品的推出将和公司的十周年庆重合。 The witness's testimony coincides with the video evidence. 证人的证言和视频证据一致。 我们可以从原文中提炼出一个写作句型：There is no single cause of...; rather, several have coincided. 这个句型的意思是说，某个现象或问题并非由单一因素所致，而是由多种因素共同作用所导致的。可以用来讨论各种问题或现象的成因，尤其是那些复杂的问题。
仿写
在谈到“交通拥堵”的问题时，我们可以说： There is no single cause of the traffic congestion in the city; rather, several factors have coincided, including a growing population, increased car ownership, and outdated infrastructure. 导致城市交通拥堵并不是单一因素造成的，而是多重因素共同作用的结果，包括人口增长、汽车拥有量增加和基础设施过时。 再比如，谈到当今普遍的“肥胖问题”时，我们可以说： There is no single cause of the obesity epidemic; rather, several factors have coincided, including changes in diet and lifestyle, increased availability of high-calorie foods, and a lack of access to healthy foods and safe places to exercise. 肥胖症的流行并不是单一因素造成的，而是多重因素共同作用的结果，包括饮食和生活方式的改变，高热量食品的增加，以及缺乏健康食品和安全的运动场所。 仿写练习：请运用该句型，以“气候变化”为主题，仿写一个句子。 There is no single cause of climate change; rather, several factors such as greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and human activities have coincided to exacerbate the issue. 气候变化不是单一因素造成的，而是多种因素共同作用的结果，例如温室气体排放、森林砍伐和人类活动等都导致了这个问题的恶化。
Where there be..., there be...
出处
《大西洋月刊》中有篇文章讨论了“手机是否毁掉了年青一代”的问题，文中在描述青少年沉迷手机的现象时，是这么说的： Where there are cell towers, there are teens living their lives on their smartphone. 有手机基站的地方，就有青少年整日泡在手机上。 live their lives on their smartphones字面意思是“在手机上过着生活”，表达的是“天天玩手机、沉迷手机”的含义。
句型
我们可以从这句话中提炼出一个写作句型：Where there be..., there be... 前半句是从句，后半句是主句。 这个句型用来表达某一事物/现象通常伴随着另一事物/现象，即两者之间有一定的联系或关联，可以用来描述一些常见的、普遍存在的现象或规律，带有一定的推测和猜测色彩。
仿写
例如，有沙滩的地方，就有游客，我们可以说： Where there are beaches, there are tourists soaking up the sun and playing in the waves. 有海滩的地方，就有游客沐浴在阳光下、玩耍在海浪中。 这个句子可以用在和“旅游”相关的作文中。 再比如，现在大力推广新能源汽车，但普及新能源目前面临的一大难点是，充电桩数量不够，我们可以说： Where there are electric cars, there are people looking for charging stations to keep their vehicles powered up. 有电动汽车的地方，就会有人寻找充电桩来给他们的汽车充电。 接下来可以引出“充电桩数量不够”的问题。 谈到网购话题时，我们可以这么描述网购的普及： Where there are e-commerce websites, there are people shopping online and having their purchases delivered to their doorstep. 哪里有电商网站，哪里就有人在线购物并送货上门。 请大家反复阅读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“社交媒体”为主题，仿写一个句子。 Where there are social media platforms, there are people sharing their opinions and connecting with others around the world.
分析某事物的优势
出处
在2023年1&2月份的Builder（《建筑文摘》）中有这么一句话： For residents, Louisville offers many of the benefits of larger cities but at a lower price and with less congestion. 对于居民来说，路易维尔市提供了许多大城市的优势，但价格更为亲民，而且拥堵情况较少。
解析
我们可以从这句话中提炼出一个写作句型：For sb, ...offers more of the benefits of x, but y 这个句型可以用于描述某个地方或某个事物的优点，强调它们提供与其他事物相似的好处，但价格更低、更方便或还有其它好处，从而吸引到某个目标群体的关注。注意，这里but后面讲的不是它的不好，而是更多好处。
仿写
线上教学既可以提供传统教室所提供的知识，同时也更方便、更便捷，我们可以这样阐述线上学习的好处： For students, online learning offers many of the benefits of in-person classes but with more convenience and the ability to learn from anywhere with an internet connection. 对于学生而言，网上学习不仅能够提供与传统课堂相同的许多好处，而且更为便捷，无论身在何处，只要有互联网连接，就能随时随地进行学习。 in-person指“面对面的、亲身的”，同physical，in-person classes即“传统教室”，也可以用traditional classes表示。 在阐述网购的好处时，我们可以说： Online shopping offers more of the benefits of brick-and-mortar shopping, but with a wider selection, greater convenience, and the ability to shop from anywhere, at any time. 网购不仅享有实体店购物的优点，而且还能提供更多选择、更高的便利性和随时随地的购物体验。 再比如，近几年兴起的智能房屋能提供更高的便捷性和安全性，我们可以说： Smart homes offer more of the benefits of traditional homes, but with increased convenience, efficiency, and security. 智能家居不仅具备传统住宅的优点，还带来更多便利、高效和安全的体验。 increased表示“增加了的、更大的”，是greater、better的高级替换。 近几年远程办公也比较流行，我们在阐述远程办公的好处时，可以说： For remote workers, freelancing offers many of the benefits of a traditional job but with more flexibility and the ability to work from anywhere. 对于远程工作者来说，自由职业不仅具有传统工作的优点，而且还拥有更大的灵活性和随时随地工作的能力。 总之，这个句型通过对比来阐述某物的优点：别人有的XX也有，而且XX还能提供更多优点。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“电动汽车”为主题，仿写一个句子。 Electric cars offer more of the benefits of traditional gasoline cars, but with reduced emissions, lower operating costs, and a smaller carbon footprint.
分析某物的影响
出处
下面是一套非常牛X的组合拳，先来看原文，出自《大西洋月刊》，讲的是智能手机对年青一代的影响： The advent of the smartphone and its cousin the tablet was followed quickly by hand-wringing about the deleterious effects of “screen time.” But the impact of these devices has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual concerns about curtailed attention spans. The arrival of the smartphone has radically changed every aspect of teenagers’ lives, from the nature of their social interactions to their mental health. 智能手机及其类似的平板电脑的出现，很快引起了对“屏幕时间”所带来的不良影响的担忧。但是，这些设备的影响尚未得到充分的认识，远非人们通常关注的“注意力持续时间缩短”的问题那么简单，而是从根本上改变了青少年生活的各个方面，包括他们的社交互动方式和心理健康等。
解析
这段话的语言非常精妙： 1）首先出现了很多同义替换，如advent和arrival替换，deleterious effects和impact替换，hand-wringing about和concerns about替换，这些同义替换避免了语言的单调重复，使表达更加丰富灵活。hand-wringing同worry / anxiety (n.担忧，焦虑)，这个词了解即可。 2）在第一句话中，表示“引发担忧”，并没有像我们一样用trigger worries，而是用be followed quickly by...，思路新颖。 3）用cousin表示“对等物、相似物、相关物”，类似用法还有很多，如： The average European kitchen is smaller than its American cousin.欧式的厨房一般比美式厨房小。 我们可以从这段话中提炼出一套写作模板： ①The advent of...was followed quickly by concerns/worries/hand-wringing about... ②But the impact of... has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual concerns/worries about... ③The arrival of...has radically changed every aspect of our lives, from...to..." 这个句型可以用来表达某种新事物的出现所带来的影响和变化。首先①句点题，引出新事物，介绍人们对它的忧虑；接着②句指出这种事物的影响不仅仅局限于人们最初的担忧；最后③句阐述它对某个领域产生了深远的影响和改变。
仿写
比如社交媒体： The advent of social media was followed quickly by concerns about privacy and misinformation. But the impact of these platforms has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual worries about false news. The arrival of social media has radically changed every aspect of how we communicate and interact, from our social lives to our political landscape. 社交媒体的出现很快引起了人们对隐私和虚假消息的担忧。但对这些平台的影响还没有被充分认识到，并且远远超出了人们对虚假信息的常规担忧。社交媒体的出现彻底改变了我们沟通和互动的方方面面，从我们的社交生活到政治格局。 先谈到人们对隐私和虚假信息的担忧，然后指出其影响不仅局限于此，最后阐述它更深远的影响：彻底改变了沟通和互动的方方面面。 我们再以远程工作为例，仿写一段话： The advent of remote work was followed quickly by concerns about communication breakdowns and decreased productivity. But the impact of this work style has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual worries about work-life balance. The arrival of remote work has radically changed every aspect of how we think about work, from office culture to our relationship with technology. 随着远程工作的兴起，人们迅速担心沟通失效和生产率下降的问题。然而，这种工作方式的影响远不止于通常的对工作与生活平衡的担忧。远程工作的出现从根本上改变了我们对工作的认知，从办公室文化到我们与科技的关系。 总之，这个句型可以用来表达某种新事物的出现所带来的影响和变化。通常先提到出现的事物，然后介绍人们对它的忧虑，接着强调这种事物的影响不仅仅局限于人们最初的担忧，而是对某个领域产生了深远的影响和改变。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“电动汽车”为主题，仿写一个句子。 The advent of electric vehicles was followed quickly by concerns about their limited range. But the impact of these vehicles has not been fully appreciated, and goes far beyond the usual worries about charging infrastructure. The arrival of electric vehicles has radically changed every aspect of the automotive industry, from production and supply chains to the way we think about transportation.
表达观点
出处
《华盛顿邮报》中有篇文章分析了女性为什么花很多时间和金钱来打扮自己，里面有这么一段话：……(前面讲了女性花很多时间和金钱打扮自己) You might dismiss all this female primping and preening as vanity or silliness. Yet a fascinating new paper from two sociologists suggests that women do have good reason to spend so much time and money on their appearance: If they don't, they risk losing a substantial amount of money. 你们也许认为女人打扮自己是虚荣行为，可两位社会学家的最新、有趣的论文指出：她们这样做有理有据，因为如果不这样做，她们就有可能失去相当可观的经济收入。
解析
primp指to make yourself look attractive by arranging your hair, putting on make-up, etc. “打扮”。 preen本是指鸟用喙整理自己的羽毛，后来适用范围扩大，比喻“精心打扮”，用法为preen yourself，如： Will you stop preening yourself in front of the mirror? 你别对着镜子打扮个没完行不行？ 我们可以从这段话中提炼出一个写作句型： You might dismiss... as... Yet a fascinating new study from sb suggests that people do have good reason to do sth: if they don't, they risk... 你或许认为......(含鄙视之意)，然而某人的论证指出他们这样做有理有据：如果不这样做，他们可能...... 这个句子结构可以用来表达一个观点或论点，具体用法为：先引出一个大众的想法或观点，然后通过引用研究、数据或实例来反驳这个观点，从而阐明自己的观点。 这个结构可以让读者更好地理解一个观点或论点，并给出充分的理由和证据来支持它，可以使文章更有说服力，使读者更有可能接受作者的观点或立场。
仿写
关于抖音： You might dismiss all these TikTok dances and challenges as frivolous or a waste of time. Yet a fascinating new study from a social media analyst suggests that young people have good reason to participate in these trends: If they don't, they risk losing a substantial amount of online influence. 你可能嫌弃抖音里的舞蹈和挑战活动都是些轻佻、浪费时间的东西。然而，一位社交媒体分析师的新研究表明，年轻人参与这些潮流是有充分理由的： 如果不参与，他们将失去较大的线上影响力。 关于比特币等虚拟货币： You might dismiss all the hype around cryptocurrency as a passing fad or a speculative bubble. Yet a fascinating new report from a financial analyst suggests that investors have good reason to invest in digital assets: If they don't, they risk losing a substantial amount of potential profit. 你或许认为加密货币的炒作只是一时热潮或者投机泡沫。但最新一份由财经分析师撰写的报告指出投资者有充分的理由投资虚拟资产：如果不投资数字资产，投资者或将损失巨大的潜在利润。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“人际关系”为主题，仿写一个句子。 People may think that investing time and effort into cultivating personal relationships is a trivial matter or simply a matter of preference. Yet studies have demonstrated that social connections are crucial for physical and mental well-being: If you don’t prioritize building and maintaining relationships, you risk losing out on vital support networks and experiencing negative health outcomes. 很多人认为，社交是一件微不足道的琐事，浪费时间和精力，其实社交非常重要，对身心健康都有很大的帮助。
分析问题
出处
《外交事务》中有篇文章论述了当今国际形势的严峻性： And not surprisingly, the diplomatic fallout from growing rivalries has made it nearly impossible for great powers to work together on regional and international challenges, even when it is in their interest to do so. 毫无疑问，日益激烈的对立关系所导致的外交问题，几乎使得各大强国在处理地区和国际挑战时难以协作，即使这符合他们的利益。 Further complicating the picture is the reality that American democracy and political cohesion are at risk to a degree not seen since the middle of the nineteenth century. 更加棘手的是，美国民主和政治凝聚力正面临着19世纪中叶以来前所未有的危险。
解析
“Further complicating the picture is XX” 这个句型经常用于引入额外的问题，使本来已经很复杂的情况更加复杂。它可以用于各种情境，如政治、经济、健康或社会问题，突显所讨论的话题的复杂性。
仿写
比如谈到气候变化的危害： Further complicating the picture is the reality that climate change is posing an unprecedented threat to the survival of many species, with potentially irreversible consequences for ecosystems and human societies. 更为棘手的是，气候变化使众多物种面临前所未有的生存威胁，对生态和人类社会造成无法挽回的后果。 再比如，谈到社交媒体的问题时，我们可以说： Further complicating the picture is the rapid spread of misinformation and conspiracy theories online, which has eroded public trust in institutions and experts. 更为棘手的是，虚假消息和阴谋论在互联网上迅速传播，已然削弱了人们对机构与专家的信任。 这两年中国政府多次强调数字安全，这是因为随着数字时代的到来，网络攻击、网络间谍活动也随之增多，对国家安全和金融稳定构成威胁，我们可以说： Further complicating the picture is the rise of cyberattacks and digital espionage, which pose a threat to national security and economic stability. 更为棘手的是，网络攻击和网络间谍活动不断增加，这对国家安全和经济稳定构成威胁。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“人工智能”为主题，仿写一个句子。 Further complicating the picture is the potential for artificial intelligence to exacerbate existing societal inequalities and widen the gap between those who have access to advanced technology and those who do not.
提出方法对策
出处
《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了美国贫富差距在扩大，文中有这么一句话： In theory, the safety net should cushion these effects. 从理论上讲，社会保障体系应该能够减轻这些影响。
解析
the safety net指“社会保障体系”，比如养老金、失业补助金、伤残补助等等。 这里的cushion是动词，由名词“垫子、缓冲”引申出动词“减轻、缓解”的意思，常和cushion the blow / impact / effect搭配，文中cushion these effects的意思就是：减轻这些影响。 cushion表示“减轻、缓解”的用法在外刊中还是比较常见的，比如Business Insider中有篇文章分析了政府应如何减轻疫情对经济构成的冲击，文中有句话是这么说的： Some governments are cushioning the blow with tax cuts, stimulus packages, and other economic relief tools, but the cost of containing the virus will still be inordinately high. 一些政府正在通过减税、经济刺激计划和其他经济救助工具来减轻经济受到的冲击，但遏制病毒传播的代价仍将高得离谱。 在写作中我们就可以用“There are XX ways to cushion the effects”或“We can cushion the blow with XX”来对某个问题提出解决方案。
仿写
比如现代人面临很大的生活压力，我们可以说： We can cushion the blow with mental health services and support to help individuals cope with the stresses of modern life. 我们可以通过心理健康服务和支持来帮助个人应对现代生活的压力。 再比如关于气候变化，我们可以说： There are multiple ways to cushion the effects of climate change, such as promoting renewable energy, investing in green infrastructure, and adopting sustainable agricultural practices. 有多种方法可以缓解气候变化的影响，比如推广可再生能源、投资绿色基础设施，以及采用可持续的农业实践。 关于人口老龄化，我们可以说： There are several ways to cushion the effects of aging population, including increasing the retirement age, promoting healthy lifestyles, and encouraging immigration to increase the workforce. 有几种方法可以缓解人口老龄化的影响，包括提高退休年龄，推广健康生活方式，鼓励移民以增加劳动力。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“自动化对就业的影响”为主题，仿写一个句子。 There are a number of ways to cushion the effects of automation on employment, such as providing retraining programs for displaced workers, promoting entrepreneurship and innovation, and implementing policies to ensure a fair distribution of wealth. 有许多方法可以缓解自动化对就业的影响，如为失业工人提供再培训计划，促进创业和创新，实施政策以确保财富的公正分配。
理想与现实
出处
《卫报》中有篇关于eBay的文章，里面有这么一句话： If the internet of 1995 inspired dreams of a lucrative future, the reality ran far behind. 如果说1995年的互联网引发了人们对未来收获丰厚利润的畅想，那么现实还差的很远。
解析
我们可以从这句话中提炼出一个写作句型：If XX inspires dreams of YY, the reality runs far behind. 这个句型的意思是，如果某个事物或现象引发了人们对它的美好幻想或高预期，那么实际情况往往没有达到这种预期，甚至相差甚远，也就是“理想很丰满，现实很骨感”，可以用来描述理想与现实之间的差距，也可以用于讽刺某些夸大其词的宣传或营销手段。
仿写
例如：如果某个公司声称他们的产品可以帮助你在一个月内变瘦10斤，实际情况可能与此相去甚远，如果这个句型可以用在这里，那么可以说： If this product inspires dreams of losing 10 pounds in a month, the reality runs far behind. 如果这个产品让你梦想一个月内减掉10磅的体重，那么实际情况相差甚远。 我们再造几个句子，比如关于无人驾驶，我们可以说： If the promise of self-driving cars inspires dreams of a fully automated future, the reality runs far behind due to technical and regulatory challenges. 如果自动驾驶汽车的承诺激发了对全自动化未来的梦想，那么由于技术和监管方面的挑战，实际情况相差甚远。 再比如关于电子支付，我们可以说： If the hope for a cashless society inspires dreams of a more convenient and secure financial system, the reality runs far behind due to concerns around data privacy and cybersecurity. 怀着金融无纸化社会的愿望，人们渴望着更便捷、安全的金融体系，可现实之中，由于对数据隐私和网络安全的忧虑，这一愿景遥遥无期。 请大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“太空旅行”为主题，仿写一个句子。 If the promise of space tourism inspires dreams of a new era of space exploration, the reality runs far behind due to the high costs and technical challenges. 如果太空旅游的承诺激发了对新时代的太空探索的梦想，那么由于高昂成本和技术挑战，现实远远落后。
如何分析原因
出处
broker指to arrange the details of an agreement “安排，协商”，常见搭配有 broker a deal / settlement / treaty，表示“就交易/协议/条约等进行调停”，如： a ceasefire agreement brokered by the UN由联合国出面调停而达成的停火协议 credit A with B或credit B to A表示“把B归功于A，认为A是B的原因”，所以 More (of the shift) can be credited to the strength of Russian wheat exports 的意思是，这一变动，更多归功于俄罗斯小麦出口强劲。 我们可以从这段话里提炼出一个写作句型：XX can explain a fraction of the shift. More can be credited to YY. XX只能解释这一变动的部分原因，更多原因是YY。 这一句型可用来分析事物的成因，前半句先解释比较浅显的、次要的原因XX，后半句再解释更深层次的原因YY，这个句型比常见的“The first reason is...; the second reason is...”更有层次感。
《经济学人》中有篇文章讲到了全球粮食危机，文中有这么一段话： The recent deal brokered by the United Nations, allowing Ukrainian grain exports to leave the port of Odessa, can only explain a fraction of the shift: it was inked in late July, after most of the decline in prices. More can be credited to the strength of Russian wheat exports. 最近由联合国出面斡旋而达成的协议——允许乌克兰粮食驶离敖德萨港口，只是这一变动的部分原因：该协议于七月下旬签署，在此之前粮食价格已遭遇滑铁卢。更多原因是俄罗斯小麦出口的强劲。
解析
仿写
比如近几年人们的食物消费模式改变，这一部分得益于植物性饮食的流行，另一部分得益于人们对环保和健康的意识逐渐增强。我们可以说： The rising popularity of plant-based diets can explain a fraction of the shift in food consumption patterns. More can be credited to the growing awareness of the environmental and health benefits of such diets. 以植物为基础的饮食越来越受欢迎，这在一定程度上解释了人们食物消费模式转变的原因，但主要原因是越来越多的人意识到这种饮食有利于环境和身体健康。 再比如，谈到可持续发展、新能源等话题时，我们可以说： The use of renewable energy sources can explain a fraction of the shift towards a more sustainable future. More can be credited to the advocacy of environmentalists and the changing attitudes of consumers and businesses. 我们正朝向可持续未来转变，其中一个原因是可再生能源的使用，但更多原因是环保主义者的倡导以及消费者和企业态度的改变。 近几年远程办公流行起来，一方面是由于经济形势，另一方面是科技的发展使远程办公成为可能： The changing economic landscape can explain a fraction of the shift towards remote work. More can be credited to advancements in technology, making it easier for people to work from anywhere with a reliable internet connection. 经济形势的变化是远程办公的原因之一，但更主要的原因是科技的进步，使人们从任何地方（只要有互联网）工作更加方便。 大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“人工智能”“就业”为主题，仿写一个句子。 The advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning can explain a fraction of the shift in the job market. More can be credited to the need for workers to acquire new skills to remain relevant in the digital age. 就业市场发生转变，其中一个原因是人工智能和机器学习的进步，但更主要的原因是，在数字时代员工需要学习新技能以保持与世界接轨。
如何表示流行？
出处
Technode网站有篇文章谈到了中国虚拟偶像的发展，文中有一个小标题是这么说的：Tech giants jump on the bandwagon
句型
bandwagon的英文解释是：an activity that more and more people are becoming involved in “风靡的活动、时尚”，常见搭配有climb / jump on the bandwagon，意为“赶时髦；追随潮流”，写作中可表示“流行、普及”的含义，替换常用的popular。注意一点，词典中说这个表达略带贬义，但最近几年它的贬义色彩被淡化，越来越多地用在中性语境中。语言是在不断发展演变的。
仿写
谈到学习外语的重要性时，我们可以说： Many people are jumping on the bandwagon of learning a second language, recognizing the benefits it can bring to their careers and personal lives. 许多人意识到学习第二语言可以给自己的事业和生活带来诸多好处，于是加入到学习第二语言的浪潮中。 随着环保意识的增强，越来越多的商家会突出产品的“环保”特性： As sustainable living becomes increasingly popular, more and more companies are jumping on the bandwagon and marketing their products as eco-friendly. 随着可持续生活愈加受到欢迎，越来越多的公司加入了这一行列，宣传其产品是生态友好型产品。 再比如随着电商的发展，很多实体店也开启了网店： With the rise of e-commerce, many traditional brick-and-mortar stores are jumping on the bandwagon and starting their own online businesses. 随着电商的崛起，很多传统实体商店也加入这一行列，开始自己的网上业务。 大家反复研读原句和仿写句子，然后运用该句型，以“新能源”“环保”为主题，仿写一个句子。 As the demand for renewable energy grows, countries around the world are jumping on the bandwagon and investing in green technologies. 随着对可再生能源需求的增长，世界各国都在跃跃欲试，投资于绿色技术。
At times during XX, YY. Things are very different today. ZZ.
出处
At times during the long boom that followed the global financial crisis of 2007-09, it seemed as if house prices would never stop rising. Things are very different today. In countries across the rich world, from America to New Zealand, sales have cratered, as central banks embarked on the sharpest monetary-policy tightening in four decades. 在经历了2007-2009年全球金融危机后的长期繁荣期中，房价似乎永远不会停止上涨。但如今情况大不相同。在从美国到新西兰等许多富裕国家中，由于央行实施了四十年来最为严厉的货币政策收紧，房屋销售已经大幅下降。
句型
crater的词源可以追溯到希腊语kratēr，意为“大碗”。在英语中，crater常被用于描述地球表面上的“火山口”或“撞击坑”，因其外形类似于一个大碗。在经济和金融领域，crater则常被用于描述市场或行业的“暴跌”，如股票价格暴跌、销售量急剧下降等。这里是与火山口或撞击坑类比，指销售量或市场价格的急剧下降，就像一个深陷的大坑一样。如：cratering market崩盘的市场、cratering sales销售额的暴跌、cratering economy崩溃的经济 crater可以和plummet, collapse, plunge等词替换。 我们可以从这段话里提炼出一个写作句型：At times during XX, YY. Things are very different today. ZZ. 在之前的某个时候，某些事情看起来如何，但今天情况不同，出现了某些变化。 这个句型可以用于描述某个情况发生变化，突出过去和现在的变化。在写文章或演讲时，可以用这个句型更清晰地传达信息，使文章或演讲更具说服力。
仿写
比如关于出国留学的话题，我们可以说： At times during the past few years, it seemed as if the number of Chinese students studying abroad would never stop increasing. However, things are very different today. Due to various factors such as the pandemic and political tensions, the number of Chinese students studying abroad has declined significantly, leading to a sharp drop in revenue for many universities across the world. 在过去几年中，中国出国留学的人数似乎会一直增长下去。然而，今天的情况有很大不同。由于各种因素，如疫情和政治紧张局势，中国学生出国留学的人数大幅下降，导致全球许多海外大学的收入急剧下降。 再比如谈到环保、新能源等话题，我们可以这样开头： At times during the past decade, it seemed as if the demand for fossil fuels would never stop increasing. However, things are very different today. As the world becomes more aware of the impact of climate change, governments are implementing policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. This has led to a decline in demand for fossil fuels, causing a major shift in the energy industry. 在过去十年中，人类对化石燃料的需求似乎永远不会停止增长。然而，今天的情况非常不同。随着世界愈加意识到气候变化的影响，各国政府正在实施减少碳排放的政策。这导致了对化石燃料需求的下降，引起了能源行业的重大转变。
go to the wall和hit a trough
出处
The world economy has so far proved resilient to the stress of tighter policy, even as a handful of commercial banks have gone to the wall. This has given investors and homeowners hope that prices may soon hit a trough. 尽管有少数商业银行已经破产，但迄今为止，世界经济证明了其对紧缩货币政策的压力有很强的韧性。这给投资者和房主带来了希望，认为房价可能很快达到底部。
句型
go to the wall这个短语最早的意思是“被推到墙上并处决”，后来，它的意思演变为指某人或某事“彻底失败、垮掉”，在商业领域中，它常常指企业“破产、倒闭”，可以用go bankrupt, go out of business, go under, fail, collapse等词替换。 我们造个句子：Many small businesses went to the wall during the pandemic. 疫情期间很多小企业破产倒闭。 trough最初是指动物喝水或进食时所用的槽，因为槽的形态是中间低四周高，所以后来被引申为“趋势底部”，在经济学中，trough常常被用来指代市场或行业的“低谷期、底部”，跟crater有异曲同工之妙。 trough的搭配有：reach a trough, hit a trough, be at a trough, climb out of a trough，可以用bottom, low point, rock bottom等词替换。
仿写
在图表类写作中我们就可以用到这个词，如：The graph showed peaks and troughs of activity. 图表显示了活动的高峰和低谷。 再写两个句子： The stock market reached a trough in 2020 due to the economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19. 由于新冠疫情造成的经济不确定性，股市在2020年达到了一个低谷。 Many students experience a trough in their motivation during the middle of their studies, but often recover and do well in the end. 许多学生在学习中会经历低谷，但往往能够走出来，最后取得良好的成绩。
Such optimism will probably prove unwarranted.
出处
Such optimism will probably prove unwarranted. 这种乐观情绪可能是不合理的。
句型
这个句子表达了某种乐观可能是没有根据的或者是不合理的。它可以用来表示某个人或者某个群体的态度过于乐观，而实际情况并不如他们所预期的那样。 在表述自己的观点时，可以先表明大众的乐观或悲观情绪，然后通过Such optimism/pessimism will probably prove unwarranted转折，对大众观点进行反驳，从而引出自己的观点。
仿写
我们以“共享经济”为话题，写一段话： Although many people are optimistic about the potential benefits of the sharing economy, such optimism will probably prove unwarranted. The reality is that sharing economy platforms have faced a number of regulatory and legal challenges in recent years, and it is unclear whether they will be able to overcome these obstacles. 尽管许多人对共享经济的潜在益处持乐观态度，但这种乐观可能是不合理的。实际情况是，近年来，共享经济平台面临许多监管和法律挑战，目前尚不清楚它们是否能够克服这些障碍。
As XX, so has/did YY, from A to B. Now comes the latest: C.
出处
As the pandemic has faded, so has the dominance of many sectors that surged during lockdowns, from streaming to grocery delivery. Now comes the latest victim: skin care. 随着疫情逐渐消退，许多在封锁期间蓬勃发展的行业也失去了主导地位，从流媒体到杂货配送，现在，护肤品行业也成为最新的受害者。
句型
As XX, so has/did YY, from A to B. Now comes the latest: C. 这个句型里，“As XX”和“so has/did YY”是两个相似的变化，如XX衰退，YY也随之衰退，或者，XX增长，YY也随之增长，然后通过“from A to B”举两个例子，最后再引出最新的例子，也是文章主题C。
仿写
例如，关于“虚拟现实”的文章，我们就可以这样开头： As the tech industry continues to grow, so does the demand for diverse entertainment, from films to TV shows. Now comes the latest breakthrough: virtual reality. 随着科技的不断发展，我们对多样化娱乐的需求也在不断增加，从电影到电视节目，现在又有了最新的突破：虚拟现实。
分析原因
出处
2023年4月15日的《经济学人》中有篇文章，讲了中国奶茶店蜜雪冰城在东南亚走红，其中一句话讲到了蜜雪冰城成功的原因，我们一起来看一下： Part of the reason for Mixue’s success is that it sells rising Asia’s favourite drink: bubble (or “boba”) tea, a milky tea containing chewy tapioca balls. 蜜雪冰城得以成功，部分原因在于，它销售的是亚洲最受欢迎的饮品：珍珠奶茶，这是一种含有Q弹的木薯粉珍珠的奶茶。
句型
从这句话里我们能提炼出一个分析原因的写作句型：Part of the reason for XX is that... XX的原因是......
仿写
比如现在人们心理压力非常大，在分析其原因的时候，我们就可以说： Part of the reason for the rise in mental health issues is that modern society places a great deal of pressure and stress on individuals, leading to burnout and other mental health problems. 心理健康问题增加，部分原因是现代社会对个人造成了巨大的压力和紧张情绪，导致疲惫不堪，引发其他心理健康问题。
作文开头模板
出处
淄博烧烤成功出圈，连带着淄博这座城市也火了，仅仅不到一个月的时间，旅客数量就不断地在刷新最高记录，淄博也成为五一假期热门到达地之一。 Global Times中有篇“淄博烧烤”的报道，其中第一段是个非常好用的作文开头模板： "Zibo barbecue" nowadays is a buzzword probably known by more and more Chinese people, as the former industrial base in East China's Shandong Province made an about-face, becoming the hottest travel destination in the country in about a month or so. 如今，“淄博烧烤”已成为一个热门词汇，被越来越多的中国人所熟知。淄博位于中国东部省份山东省，这个旧工业基地在短短一个月内迅速转型，成为全国最热门的旅游目的地。
句型
buzzword一词起源于20世纪40年代，最初是指快速、激烈地发出声响的蜜蜂簇，现在是指某个特定时间内广泛使用的“时髦术语、流行语”，相当于popular words或fashionable phrase，比如最近大火的“ChatGPT”就是一个buzzword. about-face源于军事术语，其中about是准备动作，face是执行动作，合起来指“向后转”，现在表示意见、计划、行为的“彻底改变”，名词，可以和U-turn、reversal、turnaround等词替换。 U-turn：If you describe a change in a politician's policy, plans, or actions as a U-turn, you mean that it is a complete change and that they made the change because they were weak or were wrong. 政治家在政策、计划、行动方面的180度大转弯，彻底转变。比如： ...the U-turns he made on economic policy and pit closures. 他在经济政策和煤窑关闭方面的那些180度大转变。 reversal：A reversal of a process, policy, or trend is a complete change in it.过程、政策或趋势的反转，倒转，逆转。比如： The Financial Times says the move represents a complete reversal of previous US policy. 《金融时报》说此举一反美国以往的政策。 This marked a 7% increase on the previous year and the reversal of a steady five-year downward trend. 这标志着在前一年基础上有了7％的增长，扭转了5年来持续下降的趋势。 turnaround：A turnaround is a complete change in opinion, attitude, or method. (观点、态度或方法的)彻底转变，完全改变。比如： I have personally never done such a complete turnaround in my opinion of a person. 我个人在对人的评价上从没有过如此彻底的转变。 I don't see any vast turnarounds in the way we do business. 我认为我们的经营方式不会有任何大的改变。 我们可以从这段话中提炼出一个很好用的写作模板：XX nowadays is a buzzword probably known by more and more..., as... 这套模板可用于作文开头，由热点事件引出主题。其中“XX”是热点词，“as...”这部分是背景。
仿写
1）关于“素食、人造肉、健康”： "Plant-based diet" is now a buzzword known by more and more people around the world, as concerns about health, animal welfare, and the environment drive the popularity of vegan and vegetarian diets. In recent years, more and more restaurants and food companies have started offering plant-based options, and the trend shows no signs of slowing down. 如今，“植物性饮食”已成为一个热门词汇，被越来越多的人所熟知。出于对健康、动物福利和环境的担忧，严格素食和素食得以普及。近年来，越来越多的餐厅和食品公司开始提供植物性选择，这一趋势没有放缓的迹象。 这段话先由 "Plant-based diet" is now a buzzword known by... 引出主题；然后通过 as...结构补充了背景和原因；最后又接了一句话，对前面“the popularity of vegan and vegetarian diets”概念进行具体的描述，体现出素食的流行。 在关于“素食、人造肉、健康”类的写作中，我们就可以用这段话来开头。 2）关于“线上教育”： "Online education" is now a buzzword known by more and more students in China, as the COVID-19 pandemic forced schools and universities to switch to remote learning. While online education has its advantages, such as flexibility and convenience, there are also concerns about the quality of education and the lack of interaction with teachers and classmates. 如今，“线上教育”已成为一个热门词汇，被越来越多的中国学生所熟知。因为疫情迫使学校和大学转向远程学习。虽然在线教育有其优点，例如灵活性和便利性，但也引发人们对教育质量和缺乏师生互动的担忧。 这段话先由 "Online education" is now a buzzword known by... 引出主题；然后通过as...结构补充了背景和原因：疫情原因；最后通过While online education has its advantages, such as XX and YY, there are also concerns about ZZ 简述线上教育的利与弊。 在关于“如何看待线上教育”“线上教育的利与弊”的写作中，就可以用这段话来开头。 3）关于“人工智能”： "Artificial intelligence" is now a buzzword known by more and more people around the world, as AI technology becomes increasingly integrated into our daily lives. From voice assistants to personalized recommendations, AI is changing the way we interact with technology and each other. 如今，“人工智能”已成为一个热门词汇，被全球越来越多的人所熟知。因为AI技术越来越多地融入我们的日常生活。从语音助手到个性化推荐，AI正在改变我们与技术以及人类彼此的交互方式。 这段话先由 "Artificial intelligence" is now a buzzword known by...引出主题；然后通过as...结构补充了背景：人工智能融入生活；最后展开，具体描述了人工智能如何融入生活，并举了语音助手和个性化推荐两个例子。 在关于“人工智能”“ChatGPT”等话题的作文开头中，我们就可以套用这段话。 4）以今年的主题——经济复苏为话题，仿写一段话： "Economic recovery" is now a buzzword known by an increasing number of people around China, as the country rebounds from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With a combination of government stimulus, consumer spending, and export growth, China's economy is projected to recover faster than other major economies. 随着中国走出新冠疫情的阴霾，“经济复苏”如今已成为一个热门词汇，被越来越多的中国人所熟知。凭借政府刺激、消费支出和出口增长的一揽子措施，中国经济预计将比其他主要经济体复苏地更快。 这个模板几乎可以涵盖所有的热点写作的开头，用好这个句型，再加上一点点自己的想想和发挥，一段优秀的作文开头就出来了。