由以下连词引导:when/while , whenever , as , before , after , since , as soon as , no sooner ...than.../hardly... when... , once , immediately / directly / instantly , not ...until... , till / untill
一些表示时间的名词词组,如the moment , the instant , the day , the yera , each time , the first time , next time等,也可用来引导时间状语从句,它们起连词的作用。此外,by the time 也可起连词作用引导时间状语从句
地点状语从句
由以下连词引导:where , wherever , everyehere
原因状语从句
由以下连词引导:because , as , since , for , in that , now that , not that...but that , seeing (that)(因为) , considering (that) , given that(考虑到)
目的状语从句
由以下连词引导:in order that , so that(为了,以便) , lest , for fear that , in case(以防,以防万一)
②so that 引导目的状语从句中常含有 can , could , may , might , would 等情态动词,而引导结果状语从句中一般没有情态动词
③so that 引导目的状语从句与主句一般不用逗号隔开,而引导结果状语从句与主句之间可以用逗号
条件状语从句
由以下连词引导:if , unless , on condition that , as/so long as , in case(如果) , supposing (that) (假设) , providing/provided(that) (假如,在...条件下)
比较状语从句
由以下连词引导:as...as... , than , not as/so ...as... , the + 比较级... , the + 比较级...
方式状语从句
由以下连词引导:(just)as...so... , as if / though , as (按照) , like , the way
让步状语从句
由以下连词引导:as(即使,虽然,尽管) (用倒装结构) , though , although , while (虽然,尽管) , even if / though , whatever , whichever , wherever , whenever , whoever , however , no matter how/what/where/when , whether...or not
as引导让步状语从句时,从句必须倒装,即将表语、状语或谓语部分的实义动词提至句首;如果表语是名词,应省略冠词。though引导让步状语从句时,从句可以倒装,也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时,从句不可以倒装。though、although 都不能和 but 连用,可与 yet, still 等连用